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This seems like the perfect moment to enhance our survival checklist with an exciting new entry, focused on showing you how to safely land a light aircraft in case of an emergency. We've all probably imagined being in that scenario when the flight attendant urgently asks, “Is there anyone who can land this plane?” and fantasizing about confidently responding, “Yes, I can! Lead me to the cockpit!” Of course, I hope I never find myself in such a situation, but given how often it appears in movies, someone out there must secretly be wishing for it.
For those of you who entertain this unusual desire, or for those of us who travel often, here’s a list of the ten critical steps to follow if you ever find yourself in charge after a pilot becomes incapacitated. Please note: Mytour is not liable for any damage caused by an imperfect landing.
3. Stay Calm
This is the most critical step – staying calm is absolutely essential. When you enter the cockpit, you can be certain of one of two things: either the pilot has set the plane to fly on autopilot, or the aircraft is configured for 'hands-off' flight. In both cases, the plane will maintain a consistent speed, direction, and altitude. Additionally, the pilot will have filed a flight plan, so Air Traffic Control (ATC) will be aware of your location and flight details.
2. Examine the Pilot's Position
First, move the pilot’s feet away from the rudder pedals (which are similar to car pedals). After that, ensure that the pilot's hands and body are not blocking the control column or 'yoke' (sometimes referred to as the joystick). Most modern aircraft have dual controls, meaning you should be able to land from the co-pilot’s seat. If not, you will need to move the pilot out of his seat entirely so you can take control.
1. Evaluate the Situation
Once you're seated, resist the urge to touch anything – it's vital to first assess the situation. Start by checking the attitude indicator, typically located in the center of the top row of instruments. This instrument is also known as the artificial horizon or gyro horizon. It indicates the aircraft's position relative to the ground, showing whether the wings are level, whether the plane is climbing or descending, or if it's maintaining a steady altitude. The indicator displays two straight lines (representing the wings), with a divided sphere or ball behind them (the top part represents the sky, typically blue, and the bottom shows the ground, usually brown). If the wings and the white dot (indicating the position of the plane's nose) align with the horizon line, everything is fine. If they don’t, it likely means the autopilot is off and the plane is not on a level flight path.
4. Stabilize the Aircraft
If the autopilot is off, you'll need to manually take control of the aircraft. Gradually adjust the yoke to align the wing lines with the horizon line on the attitude indicator. Pull the yoke toward you to raise the plane’s nose, or push it forward to lower the nose. Moving the yoke left or right will bank the aircraft in the respective direction. Make all adjustments slowly and gently until the plane is flying straight and level. Avoid using the rudder pedals.
5. Request Assistance
In front of you at the center, you should see the radio. If you can't locate a microphone on the panel, put on the pilot's headset. Press the button labeled PTT (Push To Talk) and calmly say 'm’aidez' (mayday – from the French meaning 'help me') three times. Speak clearly and at a steady pace. Follow it by stating 'Pilot unconscious.' Release the PTT button so the person receiving your call can respond.
6. Activate Tracking Device
Directly beneath the radio, you should see the transponder. This device serves to identify your aircraft on radar and transmits your position so that Air Traffic Control (ATC) can track your flight. Set the dials to 7700 (or input the number manually) – this code represents a 'General Emergency' and once activated, ATC will recognize that you are in distress.
7. Follow the Instructions
At this point, an air traffic controller should be in communication with you and provide detailed, step-by-step instructions for landing. It’s important to follow their guidance precisely and do not hesitate to ask questions or request clarification if needed. They will guide you in adjusting the aircraft to a safe altitude, managing engine power, lowering the landing gear, and altering your course if necessary. The controller will also highlight other essential instruments you need to monitor. Be mindful that you may need to land in a field or on a road, so remain alert for hazards like power lines and trees.
10. Complete the Final Steps
If you find a key (such as a car ignition key) on the instrument panel, turn it to stop the engine (wait until the plane has completely stopped!). Assist the pilot however you can, then, once the propeller has ceased spinning, exit the plane. With a bit of luck, fame may be just around the corner!
This list was derived from an article in The Boys Book of Survival
9. Complete the Post-Landing Procedure
Once the aircraft’s main wheels touch the runway, begin reducing speed by fully pulling back the throttle. This control is typically a large black lever located between the pilot and co-pilot’s seats or a sizable black knob positioned at the center of the instrument panel. Many light aircraft feature toe brakes on the rudder pedals – if your plane has them, gently press these pedals to bring the plane to a complete stop, while avoiding any skidding.
8. Approach to the Landing Zone
As you approach the designated landing area, maintain a straight trajectory. Just before touching down, gently pull back on the yoke – this maneuver will lift the aircraft’s nose, ensuring a smooth landing on the main wheels located beneath the wings. As the plane decelerates, the nose will naturally lower.
