1. Reference Essay No. 4
Have you ever experienced that feeling of timidity, hiding under your mother's hat on your very first school day, excited and full of anticipation on a foggy autumn morning with a chill in the air? Those childhood years may have passed, but how could we ever forget? And for those of us who first attended the "People's Literacy Campaign" after the August Revolution, how grateful we were to finally "see clearly and feel enlightened!" It’s safe to say that many of us still hold a beautiful, unforgettable image of a teacher deep within our hearts.
"Call me teacher, don’t hesitate to come in and see the school!" This was the voice of Teacher Duy-Sen, a member of the Communist Youth League, whose heart overflowed with love and passion, bringing the light of the October Revolution to the remote mountain communities.
Teacher Duy-Sen and his student An-Tu-Nai, a poor little girl from an ethnic minority, are depicted in Ai-Ma-Tov's pure and gentle writing, leaving us with a nostalgic, emotional memory of our own school days. 'The First Teacher' is a brilliant short story by Ai-Ma-Tov, recounting the tale of Teacher Duy-Sen as remembered by An-Tu-Nai Su-Lai-Ma-No-Na, a former student of his.
The most profound impression we receive from reading this short story is the image of a magnificent and respectable teacher. When Teacher Duy-Sen arrived in An-Tu-Nai's mountainous homeland, he was still young. His education at that time was not extensive, but his heart was filled with compassion and revolutionary zeal. Alone, he worked tirelessly for months to clear weeds, plaster walls, repair doors, and clean the yard, transforming an abandoned horse stable into a modest school beside a narrow mountain road in the impoverished Central Asian village of Kir-Ghi-Di. When An-Tu-Nai and the other children came to visit with curiosity, they saw their teacher stepping out of the door, covered in dirt. With a smile, Teacher Duy-Sen warmly wiped the sweat from his face and kindly asked, "Where have you come from, my girls?" To the little visitors, he gently said, "Come in, it’s quite interesting here. What do you think about studying here? Your school might just be finished soon..."
Indeed, Teacher Duy-Sen was a great teacher. His actions were sincere, and his words were filled with warmth that deeply touched the children’s hearts. Even though he had just met these children for the first time, he immediately recognized their eagerness to learn: "What do you think about studying here?" He proudly shared about the newly built stove for winter, saying that the school was almost ready to start. Was he inviting or encouraging them? His words were filled with boundless love for the children, who had never known what a school was before. He lovingly asked, "How about it? Do you want to learn? Will you go to school?"
Teacher Duy-Sen truly had talent and teaching experience. In just a few minutes of meeting, his gentle words captured the children’s hearts. He awakened in them the desire to learn. As for An-Tu-Nai, Teacher Duy-Sen saw right through her heart, understanding her orphaned state, and comforted her with sincere praise: "An-Tu-Nai, what a lovely name! You must be a good girl, right?" His words, along with his warm smile, made this poor little ethnic girl feel comforted, her heart warmed at last.

2. Sample Reference 5
Before he went to gather the dry straw, as he saw the children off, the teacher gently corrected them, kindly invited them to stay. The children left, feeling a deep affection for their teacher and the small school in their beloved village. More than 30 years later, An-tư-nai had achieved great success, yet her heart still echoed the soft voice of Đuy-sen: “You can call me teacher. Would you like to see the school? Come in, don’t be shy...”
Đuy-sen was the first teacher, the one who enlightened An-tư-nai. He was kind-hearted, full of love for childhood. He ignited in his students the passion and yearning for education. Đuy-sen is the epitome of a beautiful childhood teacher. The path of youth is the path of education. On this sunny journey, we will all be guided by various teachers. Just like An-tư-nai, in our hearts, the image of teachers, especially Đuy-sen, will forever shine brightly.
Đuy-sen was a model teacher, full of love and selflessness for his young students. During the cold winter, with snow falling heavily, he worked tirelessly, plastering the walls and laying down straw for the classroom, despite getting covered in mud. Yet, he still welcomed his students with a warm smile. To help the children reach the school, he bravely carried them across streams, even building small mounds of earth so they wouldn’t get wet. His immense self-sacrifice moved me deeply.
Moreover, Đuy-sen also appeared with patience, gentleness, and sensitivity. Upon learning that An-tư-nai was an orphan, he quickly changed the subject to spare her from sadness. When he saw wealthy children mocking him with their fur caps, Đuy-sen quietly endured it, finding a way to tell a funny story to cheer up his students, distracting them from negativity.
Oh, how magnificent is the heart of a teacher. Đuy-sen’s sacrifice and protection warmed not only the children but also the hearts of readers, who felt the boundless love of their teacher.

3. Sample Reference 6
The excerpt 'The First Teacher' is a retelling by the artist and Antunai about their first teacher, who also played a pivotal role in the entire village. Duysen was an exceptional teacher, who not only encouraged students to attend school but also carried the little ones across rivers on his back, despite the cold weather and mocking from horseback riders. Duysen cared deeply for his students, especially Antunai, who he hoped would go on to study in a big city. The story shared by Antunai stirred the artist's emotions, motivating him to create a beautiful painting of the teacher and his student.
'The First Teacher' praises Duysen for his dedication, passion, and the love he showed to his students, particularly Antunai. He transformed the life of this young girl, nurturing her dreams and hopes for a better future.
The portrayal of Duysen, the devoted teacher, and his small, helpless student, Antunai, resonates with readers, evoking memories of their own school days. Duysen’s youthful enthusiasm and devotion to his work inspire deep admiration. His image as a wonderful, respectable teacher is the most profound takeaway from this story.
From their first encounter, Duysen greeted the children with a warm smile and invited them into the school. He was not just a teacher but the first one to ignite Antunai’s curiosity and love for learning. Duysen’s kindness and affection for childhood were evident as he ignited a passion for education in the children. When Antunai and her friends visited the school out of curiosity, Duysen emerged, covered in dirt, proudly showing them the school and fostering their desire to learn.
Beyond teaching, Duysen carried the children across the river each day, carrying some on his back, ensuring their safety as they made their way to school. Even when mocked by wealthy riders, Duysen maintained a positive attitude, telling the children joyful stories to distract them. This detail highlights Duysen’s intellect and patience. Instead of responding to the taunts, he shielded his students from negative influences, ensuring their spirits remained intact.
To make the river crossing safer, Duysen and Antunai worked together to build a bridge from wood. Duysen, barefoot and tirelessly working, ensured the children’s safety. When Antunai fell, Duysen immediately rushed to her aid, lifting her up and wrapping her in his coat to warm her. Duysen’s hope for Antunai to study in a big city was rooted in his belief in her potential and intelligence.
Ai-Matov's short story, written as a heartfelt and truthful memory, captures Duysen's image as a teacher with deep commitment and love, making him an unforgettable figure in the hearts of readers.

4. Reference essay number 7
Teacher Duysen is a remarkable and great figure. His portrait shines through the narration of his student, Antunai, leaving a lasting impression on readers.
Duysen, although a teacher, appeared humble and simple in his manner, almost unremarkable in his first appearance. When the children met him, he emerged from the school covered in dirt, sweat on his face, and a bright smile. His smile immediately made the children feel at ease and less anxious. However, his greatness lay in his actions. He built a stove, set up a chimney, and laid straw on the classroom floor. During the cold weather with the first snow, he carried the children across the river on his back, making sure they reached school safely. He even built small mounds of stones and earth in the stream to prevent the children from getting their feet wet. Despite the freezing cold, Duysen kept working tirelessly to ensure the children could attend school.
Not only was he loving and self-sacrificial, but Duysen also possessed great sensitivity and tact. When he mistakenly asked about Antunai’s parents and learned she was an orphan, he quickly changed the subject and asked her to do something else. He also showed his wit when wealthy people mocked him while he was crossing the river with the children. Duysen kept the children’s spirits high by making them laugh, distracting them from the cruel remarks.
Duysen’s presence in Antunai’s memories is a complete one. He had a great heart, full of love and selflessness. It was Duysen who lit the path for these children, including Antunai, leading them to a better future.

5. Reference Example 1
The first teacher is a short story by Aitmatov that recounts the memories of a former student, Antonina Sulaimanova, who used to be a pupil of teacher Dyusen. The portrayal of a beautiful and respectable teacher is the strongest impression one gets when reading this short story. Upon visiting the mountainous region where Antonina grew up, Dyusen was still young. His education wasn’t high at the time, but his heart was full of love and revolutionary fervor. For months, he worked tirelessly alone, clearing weeds, repairing walls, fixing doors, and sweeping the yard, turning the long-abandoned stable of a wealthy landowner into a modest school next to a narrow mountain road leading to a small village of Kirghiz people in a remote, impoverished area of Central Asia.
When Antonina and the other children visited the school, eager to see what their teacher was up to, they found him “coming out from the door, covered in dirt.” Teacher Dyusen “smiled warmly” and wiped the sweat off his face before kindly asking, “Where are you coming from, girls?” He greeted the young visitors with warmth, saying, “Come on in, you’ll see that this place is really nice. What do you think about learning here? As for your school, well, I think it’s nearly ready…”
Dyusen is truly a great teacher, his gestures were natural, and his kindness was evident. His gentle words deeply touched the hearts of the children. Despite meeting them for the first time, he could already see their intense desire to learn: “What will you study here?” Dyusen proudly shared with them how he had built a stove for the winter, and joyfully informed them that the school was ready to begin classes. Was he inviting or encouraging them? He spoke to the children, the mountain-dwelling kids who had never even seen a school, with all the love in his heart: “How about it? Do you want to learn? Will you go to school?”
Dyusen was undoubtedly skilled and experienced in teaching. After just a few minutes of interaction, with only a few kind words, he had captured the hearts of these young children. He awakened in them the yearning to learn.
For Antonina, Dyusen could see her true feelings, empathizing with her orphaned situation. He comforted her and praised her sincerely: “Antonina, such a beautiful name, and you must be a very good girl, right?” His words, along with his warm smile, made the small, unfortunate girl feel her heart brighten.
Dyusen was Antonina’s first teacher, the one who opened her mind and sparked her interest in learning. He was kind, and loved children. He ignited in them a passion for knowledge and the desire to go to school. Dyusen is the embodiment of a teacher in childhood. The path of youth is the path of education. Along this sunny road, we will all be guided by many teachers, just as Antonina was. In each of us, there will always be a shining memory of the teachers, the noble Dyusens of our lives.
Aitmatov wrote this short story as a poignant and realistic memoir. The image of Dyusen – the first teacher, and Antonina, the orphan girl longing for an education, are presented with admiration and affection. The teacher in the story is one who brings love to childhood, shedding light on lives, and sparking change. The flame of love shines through Aitmatov’s writing, warming the hearts of readers forever. Teacher Dyusen remains a cherished figure in the hearts of our youth.

6. Bài tham khảo số 2
Trong cuộc đời của mỗi người ai cũng có những kỉ niệm về quê hương thân yêu, nơi chôn rau cắt rốn của mình, mỗi khi nhớ về đầu tiên ta sẽ nhớ những gì thân thuộc nhất như: gốc đa nơi chơi trốn tìm, hay những buổi trưa nắng nô đùa dưới những bóng râm,… có rất nhiều nơi để nhớ. Với nhân vật An-tư-nai trong tác phẩm “Người thầy đầu tiên” nhớ về làng Ku-ku-rêu là cô nhớ về người thầy đầu tiên của mình, thầy Đuy-sen tận tụy, thân thương cùng nhiều kỉ niệm đẹp những thời niên thiếu.
Người thầy đầu tiên là một truyện ngắn xuất sắc của Ai-ma-tốp kể về thầy giáo Đuy-sen qua hồi ức bà viện sĩ An-tư-nai Xu-lai-ma-nô-na, vốn là học trò trước đây của thầy Đuy-sen. Với An-tư-nai, cô nhớ mãi về câu nói đầu tiên của thầy: “Các em cứ gọi ta là thầy, các em có muốn xem trường không? Vào đây, các em đừng ngại gì cả...?”
Thầy Đuy-sen là oàn viên Thanh niên Cộng sản, với trái tim yêu thương mênh mông, với nhiệt tình say mê đã đem ánh sáng Cách mạng tháng Mười Nga đến với tuổi thơ miền núi hẻo lánh xa xôi. Thầy Đuy-sen và cô học trò người dân tộc An-tư-nai bé bỏng, tội nghiệp hiện lên trên trang văn trong sáng, nhẹ nhàng của Ai-ma-tốp đã để lại bao rung động bồi hồi trong lòng ta một thời cắp sách.
Hình ảnh một người thầy tuyệt đẹp và đáng kính là cảm nhận sâu sắc nhất của mỗi chúng ta khi đọc truyện ngắn này. Khi đến vùng núi quê hương của cô bé An-tư-nai. Thầy Đuy-sen còn trẻ lắm. Học vấn của thầy lúc đó chưa cao, nhưng trái tim thầy dạt dào tình nhân ái và sôi sục nhiệt tình cách mạng. Một mình thầy lao động hằng tháng trời, phạt cỏ, trát lại vách, sửa cánh cửa, quét dọn cái sân..., biến cái chuồng ngựa của phú nông hoang phế đã lâu ngày thành một cái trường khiêm tốn nằm bên hẻm núi, cạnh con đường vào cái làng nhỏ của người Kir-ghi-di, vùng Trung Á nghèo nàn lạc hậu. Khi An-tư-nai và các bạn nhỏ đến thăm trường với bao tò mò “xem thử thầy giáo đang làm gì, ở đấy cũng hay” thì thấy thầy “từ trong cửa bước ra, người bêbết đất”. Thầy Đuy-sen “mỉm cười, niềm nở” quệt mồ hôi trên mặt, rồi ôn tồn hỏi: “Đi đâu về thế, các em gái”. Trước các “vị khách” nhỏ tuổi, thầy hiền hậu nói: “Các em ghé vào đây xem là hay lắm, các em chả sẽ học tập ở đây là gì? Còn trường của các em thì có thể nói là đã xong đến nơi rồi...?”
Đuy-sen đúng là một người thầy vĩ đại, cử chỉ của thầy rất hồn nhiên. Thầy hiền hậu nói lên những lời ấm áp lay động tâm hồn tuổi thơ. Mới gặp các em nhỏ xa lạ lần đầu mà thầy đã nhìn thấy, đã thấu rõ cái khao khát muốn được học hành của các em: “các em chả sẽ học tập ở đây là gì?” Thầy báo tin vui trường học đã làm xong “có thể bắt đầu học được rồi”. Thầy mời chào hay khích lệ? Thầy nói với các em nhỏ người dân tộc miền núi chưa từng biết mái trường là gì bằng tất cả tình thương mênh mông: “Thế nào, các em có thích học không? Các em sẽ đi học chứ?”
Thầy Đuy-sen quả là có tài, giàu kinh nghiệm sư phạm. Chỉ sau một vài phút gặp gỡ, vài câu nói nhẹ nhàng, thầy đã chiếm lĩnh tâm hồn tuổi thơ. Thầy đã khơi dậy trong lòng các em nhỏ người miền núi niềm khao khát được đi học. Đuy-sen là người thầy đầu tiên, người thầy khai tâm khai sáng cho An-tư- nai. Thầy hiền hậu, thầy yêu thương tuổi thơ. Thầy đã đốt cháy lên trong lòng các em ngọn lửa nhiệt tình khát vọng và khát vọng đi học.
Không chỉ dạy học, thầy Đuy-sen năm ấy còn cõng từng em nhỏ qua con suối bao mùa mưa nắng, bất kể rét buốt của mùa đông. Ngay cả khi đám cưỡi ngựa trêu đùa, chế giễu thiếu tôn trọng, người thầy này vẫn nhẹ nhàng và chỉ để tâm đến sự an toàn của đám học trò nhỏ. Thầy đi chân không, làm không ngơi tay, khi thấy An-tư-nai ngã, thầy quẳng tảng đá trên tay, nhảy ngay lại, đỡ lên, rồi bế chạy lên bờ, lót chiếc áo choàng đặt An-tư-nai vào đó. Thầy xoa hai chân, bóp chặt đôi tay lạnh cóng và đưa lên miệng hà hơi vô cùng chu đáo, tận tâm, thể hiện tình cảm yêu thương học trò.
Đuy-sen là hình ảnh tuyệt đẹp của một ông thầy tuổi thơ. Con đường tuổi trẻ là con đường học hành. Trên con đường đầy nắng đẹp ấy, anh chị và mỗi chúng ta sẽ được dìu dắt qua nhiều thầy, cô giáo. Cũng như An-tư-nai, trong tâm hồn mỗi chúng ta luôn luôn chói ngời những người thầy, những Đuy-sen cao đẹp.

7. Bài tham khảo số 3
The excerpt "The First Teacher" is a recollection from both the artist and An-tunai about their first teacher in the village. Duy-sen was a remarkable teacher who not only encouraged students to attend school but also personally carried young children across streams, regardless of the harsh weather or mocking horsemen. Duy-sen deeply cared for his students, especially An-tunai, hoping she could study in a big city. The story shared by An-tunai moved the artist to create a beautiful painting of the teacher and his student.
"The First Teacher" praises Duy-sen for his dedication, commitment, and love for his students, especially An-tunai. Duy-sen changed the life of An-tunai, nurturing dreams and hope for his young learners.
The image of Duy-sen, the passionate and youthful teacher, and An-tunai, the innocent and vulnerable girl, emerges vividly in the pure and gentle prose of Aymatov, evoking nostalgic feelings from our school days. The depiction of a wonderful and respected teacher is the most profound impression one can have after reading this short story. Duy-sen, young and enthusiastic, loved his profession and genuinely wished for a brighter future for his impoverished students.
From their first meeting, Duy-sen smiled warmly and invited the children to explore the school. He was the first teacher to open An-tunai's heart and mind. A kind and loving teacher, Duy-sen ignited a passionate desire for learning in his students. When An-tunai and her classmates visited the school with curiosity, they saw the teacher coming out of the door covered in dirt. He proudly showed them the school and sparked their interest in attending.
Not only did Duy-sen teach directly, but every day he carried children across the stream, with some on his back and others in his arms, ensuring they could safely reach school. Even when wealthy, ignorant people mocked him, Duy-sen remained optimistic, telling cheerful stories to his students to help them forget their troubles. This shows that Duy-sen was educated, patient, and did not engage in disputes with those who were less informed. He also didn't want his students to be affected by these remarks and kept their spirits high.
To make crossing the stream safer, Duy-sen and An-tunai worked to find wood to build a bridge. Duy-sen worked tirelessly, barefoot, to create the bridge. When An-tunai fell, Duy-sen immediately rushed to help, lifting her, running to the shore, and placing her gently on his coat. He rubbed her back, showing great care to warm her up. Duy-sen sent his hopes for An-tunai to go to a big city to study, believing in her potential and intelligence.
Aymatov wrote a heartfelt and authentic short story about these memories. The image of Duy-sen – the ideal teacher, full of devotion – is etched in our hearts, evoking fond memories of our own childhood.

