The 7 Best Vietnamese Language Practice Lessons (Literature 6 Cánh Diều Book, Page 16 - Volume 2)

Question 1

Answer question 1 (page 16, Literature 6 Textbook, Volume 2)

Sort the following words into two categories: compound words, reduplicated words.

mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn, lợi hại, phành phạch, giòn giã

Solution:

Recall the knowledge of compound and reduplicated words.

Detailed solution:

• Compound words: mẫm bóng, lợi hại.
• Reduplicated words: phành phạch, hủn hoẳn, giòn giã.

Question 2

Answer question 2 (page 16, Literature 6 Textbook, Volume 2)

The words 'mẫm bóng' and 'hủn hoẳn' were created by the writer Tô Hoài. What do these words help you imagine about the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

Solution:

Recall knowledge about the structure of compound words to answer this question.

Detailed solution:

The words 'mẫm bóng' and 'hủn hoẳn' were created by the writer Tô Hoài to help you visualize the shiny, sturdy horns and the previously short, unattractive wings of Dế Mèn, which have now grown long and graceful.

Question 3

Answer question 3 (page 16, Literature 6 Textbook, Volume 2)

The idioms 'chết ngay đuôi, vái cả sáu tay' created by Tô Hoài in the text 'The First Life Lesson' differ from the existing idioms like 'chết thẳng cẳng, vái cả hai tay'. Which one do you think better suits describing the character of the cricket?

Solution:

Compare the idioms and answer.

Detailed solution:

• The idiom 'chết ngay đuôi, vái cả sáu tay' uses 'tail' and 'six legs' instead of 'legs' and 'two hands' in the idiom 'chết thẳng cẳng, vái cả hai tay'.
• The idiom 'chết ngay đuôi, vái cả sáu tay' fits the cricket better, as the cricket has a tail and six legs, unlike humans.

Question 4

Answer question 4 (page 16, Literature 6 Textbook, Volume 2)

Find the noun phrases as the subject in the following sentences:

a) The claws on the legs, on the knees, grew sharper and sharper. (Tô Hoài)

b) The reckless men who often make wild gestures are the skilled ones. (Tô Hoài)

c) Thousands of bright, shimmering candles on the green branches and many colorful paintings, like the ones in display cases, appeared before the child. (The Little Match Girl)

Solution:

List and identify the noun phrases as the subject in each sentence.

Detailed solution:

a) The noun phrase: The claws on the legs, on the knees

b) The noun phrase: The reckless men

c) The noun phrase: Thousands of bright, shimmering candles on the green branches and many colorful paintings, like the ones in display cases

Question 5

Answer question 5 (page 16, Literature 6 Textbook, Volume 2)

Identify the core noun and the modifiers in the subject noun phrases listed above. Explain the effect of expanding the subject noun.

Solution:

From the answer to question 4, draw a table to identify the core noun and its modifiers.

Detailed solution:

a) Subject: The claws on the legs, on the knees

• Modifiers before: The
• Core noun: claws
• Modifiers after: on the legs, on the knees

b) Subject: The reckless men

• Modifiers before: The
• Core noun: men
• Modifiers after: reckless

c) Subject: Thousands of bright, shimmering candles on the green branches and many colorful paintings, like the ones in display cases

• Modifiers before: Thousands of
• Core noun: candles
• Modifiers after: bright, shimmering on the green branches

• Modifiers before: many
• Core noun: paintings
• Modifiers after: colorful, like the ones in display cases

Expanding the subject noun helps fully reflect the objective reality and express the writer's emotions and attitudes.

Question 6

Answer question 6 (page 16, Literature 6 Textbook, Volume 2)

Write a short paragraph (about 5 - 7 lines) expressing your thoughts about a character from 'The First Life Lesson' or 'The Old Man and the Golden Fish'. In this paragraph, use a noun phrase as the subject. Identify the noun phrase used in the paragraph.

Solution:

Choose a character from the given options, write a short paragraph expressing your thoughts, and use a noun phrase as the subject.

Detailed solution:

'The First Life Lesson' tells the story of a young, strong man with an arrogant, reckless attitude. He always considered himself the best and teased the villagers. One day, his prank on the Cockroach led to the tragic death of the Cricket. After this event, Dế Mèn realized his mistake. Through all of this, I see that Dế Mèn, despite being proud, has a kind heart. He gradually changed after realizing his error. I will also strive to improve myself each day.

*Note: The subject noun phrase is in bold.

Exercise 1. Group the following words into two categories: compound words and reduplicative words.

mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn, lợi hại, phành phạch, giòn giã

• Compound words: mẫm bóng, lợi hại
• Reduplicative words: hủn hoẳn, phành phạch, giòn giã

Exercise 2. The words 'mẫm bóng' and 'hủn hoẳn' were created by the writer Tô Hoài. Based on these words, how would you imagine the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

These words make me envision Dế Mèn with a plump body, a full pair of legs, and short wings that were once unappealing but have now grown long, almost reaching its tail.

Exercise 3. The idioms “died at the tail, prayed with six hands” created by Tô Hoài in the story *A Lesson in Life* are different from existing idioms like “died flat, prayed with two hands.” What differences do you see, and which idiom would you use to describe crickets?

• The difference is that Tô Hoài replaced “cẳng” (leg) with “đuôi” (tail) and “hai tay” (two hands) with “sáu tay” (six hands).
• For me, Tô Hoài’s idioms are more fitting to describe crickets, as crickets have tails and six legs, unlike humans.

Exercise 4. Find the subject as a noun phrase in the following sentences:

a) The claws at the feet and knees kept getting harder and sharper. (Tô Hoài)

b) Reckless people often make flamboyant gestures, which are seen as talents. (Tô Hoài)

c) Thousands of brightly lit candles glistened on the fresh green branches, and many colorful paintings, displayed in shop windows, appeared before the eyes of the child. (The Little Match Girl)

a) Subject: The claws at the feet and knees

b) Subject: Reckless people

c) Subject: Thousands of brightly lit candles glistening on fresh green branches, and many colorful paintings displayed in shop windows

Exercise 5. Identify the head noun and its modifying components in each noun phrase subject. Also, explain the purpose of expanding the subject.

a) Subject: The claws at the feet and knees

• Modifier before: The
• Head noun: claws
• Modifier after: at the feet and knees

b) Subject: Reckless people

• Modifier before: Reckless
• Head noun: people

c) Subject: Thousands of brightly lit candles glistening on fresh green branches, and many colorful paintings displayed in shop windows

• *Thousands of brightly lit candles glistening on fresh green branches
• Modifier before: Thousands
• Head noun: candles
• Modifier after: brightly lit, glistening on fresh green branches
• *many colorful paintings displayed in shop windows
• Modifier before: many
• Head noun: paintings
• Modifier after: colorful, displayed in shop windows

=> Expanding the subject allows a fuller representation of reality and reflects the speaker’s or writer’s feelings and attitudes.

Exercise 6. Write a short paragraph (5-7 lines) expressing your thoughts on a character from the story *A Lesson in Life* or *The Old Man and the Goldfish*, including a noun phrase as the subject. Identify the noun phrase in your paragraph.

Answer:

1. Dế Mèn is a robust young man. He is very aware of his own physical strength—a strong, healthy appearance. However, his personality is arrogant and stubborn, often teaching others or making fun of them. As a result, he learns a valuable lesson about being less selfish and more considerate of others.

2. The character I want to talk about is the greedy wife from *The Old Man and the Goldfish*. Taking advantage of the goldfish’s gratitude toward her husband, she made unreasonable demands, forcing her husband to obey. In the end, her selfishness and betrayal led to her downfall, returning her to a humble, miserable life.

The noun phrase subject: The greedy wife

Question 1, Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 2

Classify the following words into two groups: compound words and reduplicative words.

mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn, lợi hại, phành phạch, giòn giã

Answer:

• Compound words: mẫm bóng, lợi hại
• Reduplicative words: hủn hoẳn, phành phạch, giòn giã

Question 2, Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 2

The words mẫm bóng and hủn hoẳn were created by the writer Tô Hoài. What image do these words evoke about the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

Answer:

These words depict Dế Mèn as having plump, full antennae and short wings that were once unattractive but have now grown long, extending all the way to the tail.

Question 3, Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 2

The idioms “death at the tail” and “worship with six hands” created by Tô Hoài in the text “The First Life Lesson” differ from other familiar idioms like “death on the spot” and “worship with two hands.” Which idiom do you think is more appropriate for describing a cricket?

Answer:

• The difference between the idioms created by the author and the existing ones lies in Tô Hoài's substitution of “cẳng” (leg) with “đuôi” (tail) and “hai tay” (two hands) with “sáu tay” (six hands).
• In my opinion, the idioms created by Tô Hoài are more fitting for describing crickets, as they have tails and six legs, unlike humans.

Question 4, Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 2

Identify the subject as a noun phrase in the following sentences:

a) The claws on the legs and knees grew increasingly stiff and sharp. (Tô Hoài)

b) Reckless individuals often confuse boisterous gestures with talent. (Tô Hoài)

c) Thousands of bright candles shimmered on the lush branches, and many brightly colored paintings like those in shop windows appeared before the child’s eyes. (The Little Match Girl)

Answer:

a) Subject: The claws on the legs and knees

b) Subject: The reckless individuals

c) Subject: Thousands of bright candles shimmering on the lush branches and many brightly colored paintings like those in shop windows

Question 5, Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 2

Identify the main noun and its modifiers in the subject noun phrases above. Explain the function of expanding the subject noun.

Answer:

a) Subject: The claws on the legs and knees

• Preceding modifier: The
• Main noun: claws
• Following modifier: on the legs and knees

b) Subject: The reckless individuals

• Preceding modifier: The
• Main noun: individuals
• Following modifier: reckless

c) Subject: Thousands of bright candles shimmering on the lush branches and many brightly colored paintings like those in shop windows

*Thousands of bright candles shimmering on the lush branches

• Preceding modifier: Thousands
• Main noun: candles
• Following modifier: shimmering on the lush branches

*Many brightly colored paintings like those in shop windows

• Preceding modifier: Many
• Main noun: paintings
• Following modifier: brightly colored, like those in shop windows

The function of expanding the subject is to reflect the full objective reality and express the emotions and attitudes of the writer (or speaker).

Question 6, Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 2

Write a short paragraph (5–7 lines) expressing your thoughts on a character from “The First Life Lesson” or “The Fisherman and His Golden Fish.” Use a noun phrase as the subject in the paragraph, and identify the subject as a noun phrase in that paragraph.

Answer:

Dế Mèn is a young, strong cricket. He has a clear self-awareness of his own appearance – a healthy, sturdy look. However, his personality is arrogant, rebellious, and prone to lecturing others and teasing them. Because of this, Dế Mèn learned a valuable lesson in life: to stop being selfish and start caring more about others.

Question 1, page 16, Literature 6 - Volume 2: Sort the following words into two groups: compound words and reduplicative words.

Mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn, lợi hại, phành phạch, giòn giã

Answer:

• Compound words: mẫm bóng, lợi hại
• Reduplicative words: hủn hoẳn, phành phạch, giòn giã

Question 2, page 16, Literature 6 - Volume 2: The words mẫm bóng and hủn hoẳn are creative inventions by the writer Tô Hoài. What do these words help you imagine about the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

Answer:

The words mẫm bóng and hủn hoẳn help me visualize Dế Mèn's appearance, with his robust, plump legs and wings, which were once short but are now long, reaching to the tip of his tail.

=> These words reflect Dế Mèn’s physical transformation, showing his growth and maturity.

Question 3, page 16, Literature 6 - Volume 2: What is the difference between the idioms "chết ngay đuôi, vái cả sáu tay" (die instantly at the tail, pray with six hands) created by Tô Hoài and the pre-existing ones like "chết thẳng cẳng, vái cả hai tay" (die straight, pray with two hands)? Which idiom better suits the description of the cricket?

Answer:

The idiom "chết ngay đuôi, vái cả sáu tay" uses the tail and six legs instead of the feet and two hands, as in the expression "chết thẳng cẳng, vái cả hai tay". This new idiom fits better with the cricket, which has a tail and six legs, unlike humans.

Question 1, page 16, Literature 6, volume 2: Group the following words into two categories: compound words and reduplicated words.

Examples: mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn, lợi hại, phành phạch, giòn giã

Answer:

• Compound words: mẫm bóng, lợi hại
• Reduplicated words: hủn hoẳn, phành phạch, giòn giã

Question 2, page 16, Literature 6, volume 2: The words mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn were created by the author Tô Hoài. Based on these words, how do you imagine the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

Answer:

From these words, I imagine Dế Mèn as having full, round legs and short, unappealing front wings that have grown long and reached the end of its tail.

Question 3, page 16, Literature 6, volume 2: The idioms 'dead at the tail' and 'pray with six hands' were created by Tô Hoài in the text 'First Lesson of Life.' How are these different from the original idioms like 'dead on the spot' and 'pray with two hands'? Which one do you think is more suitable to describe a cricket?

Answer:

• The difference between the idioms Tô Hoài created and the original ones is that the author replaced 'cẳng' (legs) with 'đuôi' (tail) and 'hai tay' (two hands) with 'sáu tay' (six hands).
• In my opinion, the idioms created by Tô Hoài are more suitable for describing crickets because unlike humans, crickets have tails and six legs.

Question 4, page 16, Literature 6, volume 2: Find the subject noun phrase in the following sentences:

a) The claws on the legs and knees gradually become stiffer and sharper. (Tô Hoài)

b) The reckless guys often mistake wild gestures for being clever. (Tô Hoài)

c) Thousands of bright candles glittering on the green branches and many colorful paintings, like those displayed in shop windows, appear before the child's eyes. (The Little Match Girl)

Answer:

a) Subject: The claws on the legs and knees

b) Subject: The reckless guys

c) Subject: Thousands of bright candles glittering on the green branches and many colorful paintings, like those displayed in shop windows

Question 5, page 16, Literature 6, volume 2: Identify the central noun and the modifiers in each noun phrase used as the subject. What is the effect of expanding the subject?

Answer:

a) Subject: The claws on the legs and knees

• Modifier before: The
• Central noun: claws
• Modifier after: on the legs and knees

b) Subject: The reckless guys

• Modifier before: The
• Central noun: guys
• Modifier after: reckless

c) Subject: Thousands of bright candles glittering on the green branches and many colorful paintings, like those displayed in shop windows

*Thousands of bright candles glittering on the green branches

• Modifier before: Thousands
• Central noun: candles
• Modifier after: glittering on the green branches

*Many colorful paintings, like those displayed in shop windows

• Modifier before: Many
• Central noun: paintings
• Modifier after: colorful, like those displayed in shop windows

Question 6, page 16, Literature 6, volume 2: Write a short paragraph (about 5–7 lines) expressing your thoughts on a character from the text 'First Lesson of Life' or 'The Fisherman and His Golden Fish.' In this paragraph, use a subject noun phrase. Identify the subject noun phrase in the paragraph.

Answer: Dế Mèn is a young, strong individual. He is self-aware of his robust appearance, but his character is haughty, rebellious, and enjoys showing off and teasing others. As a result, he learns a valuable life lesson – to stop being selfish and start caring for others.

Question 1, page 16, Literature Textbook 6 - Volume 2: Categorize the following words into two groups: compound words and reduplicated words.

Mẫm bóng, hủn hoẳn, lợi hại, phành phạch, giòn giã

Answer:

• Compound words: mẫm bóng, lợi hại
• Reduplicated words: hủn hoẳn, phành phạch, giòn giã

Question 2, page 16, Literature Textbook 6 - Volume 2: The words mẫm bóng and hủn hoẳn were created by the author Tô Hoài. Based on these words, how would you describe the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

Answer:

• The words mẫm bóng and hủn hoẳn help me imagine Dế Mèn with thick, strong antennae, and his once short wings are now long, extending all the way to his tail.
• These words reflect the growth and maturity of Dế Mèn's physical appearance.

Question 3, page 16, Literature Textbook 6 - Volume 2: The idioms “die at the tail, bow six times” created by Tô Hoài in the text 'A Lesson in Life' differ from the existing idioms “die stiff, bow twice.” What is the difference, and which idiom do you think is more fitting to describe a cricket?

Answer:

The idiom “die at the tail, bow six times” uses the parts “tail” and “six legs” instead of “stiff” and “two hands” in the original idiom. This new idiom fits better for a cricket, as crickets have tails and six legs, unlike humans who have two legs and hands.

Question 1. Sort the following words into two groups: compound words and reduplicated words: "mẫm bóng", "hủn hoẳn", "lợi hại", "phành phạch", "giòn giã".

Hint:

Compound words: "mẫm bóng", "lợi hại"
Reduplicated words: "hủn hoẳn", "phành phạch", "giòn giã"

Question 2. The words “"mẫm bóng", "hủn hoẳn"” were coined by the writer Tô Hoài. Based on these words, how would you describe the appearance of the character Dế Mèn?

"Mẫm bóng": plump and sturdy (describing the legs); "hủn hoẳn": so short it looks awkward (describing the wings).
These reduplicated words help the reader to better visualize the physical traits of Dế Mèn: stronger and more attractive.

Question 3. The expressions “"died instantly with its tail", "prayed with six hands"” created by Tô Hoài in the story "A Lesson on Life" are different from traditional ones like “"died stiff", "prayed with two hands"”. What makes these expressions stand out? Which expression do you think is more fitting for describing the character of the cricket?

The phrase “died instantly with its tail, prayed with six hands” differs because it uses “tail” instead of “legs” and “six hands” instead of “two hands”.
The phrases Tô Hoài created are more appropriate for describing the features of Dế Mèn (which has a tail and six legs).

Question 4. Find the subject noun phrase in the following sentences:

a. The claws on the feet, at the knees, were stiff and sharp. (Tô Hoài)

b. The reckless fellows often make outrageous gestures, thinking they are clever. (Tô Hoài)

c. Thousands of glowing candles, sparkling on the green branches, and many colorful paintings like those in store windows appeared before the child's eyes. (The Little Match Girl)

Hint:

a. The claws on the feet, at the knees

b. The reckless fellows

c. Thousands of glowing candles, sparkling on the green branches, and many colorful paintings like those in store windows

Question 5. Identify the main noun and its modifiers in each subject noun phrase above. Explain the effect of expanding the subject.

a) Subject: The claws on the feet, at the knees

• Modifier before: The
• Main noun: claws
• Modifier after: on the feet, at the knees

b) Subject: The reckless fellows

• Modifier before: The
• Main noun: fellows
• Modifier after: reckless

c) Subject: Thousands of glowing candles, sparkling on the green branches, and many colorful paintings like those in store windows

*Thousands of glowing candles, sparkling on the green branches

• Modifier before: Thousands of
• Main noun: candles
• Modifier after: glowing, sparkling on the green branches

*many colorful paintings like those in store windows

• Modifier before: many
• Main noun: paintings
• Modifier after: colorful, like those in store windows

=> Effect: Expanding the subject makes the objects in the sentences clearer and more vivid.

Question 6. Write a short paragraph (about 5-7 lines) expressing your feelings about a character from the story "A Lesson on Life" or "The Old Man and the Golden Fish", using a noun phrase as the subject. Identify the noun phrase in your paragraph.

Hint:

When reading the excerpt from "A Lesson on Life", the reader is struck by the character of Dế Mèn. A young, strong, and healthy cricket. Dế Mèn has been independent since he was very young. Every day, he travels everywhere, and wherever he goes, he scares small creatures. Especially his neighbor, Dế Choắt, a frail, sickly cricket. This led to Dế Mèn's condescending attitude toward Choắt. One day, Dế Mèn played a trick on Cốc, causing the tragic death of Dế Choắt. After that, Dế Mèn learned his first valuable life lesson.

Expanded sentence: A young, strong, and healthy cricket. (Noun phrase: A young, strong, and healthy cricket)