The top 10 geniuses with the most groundbreaking inventions in history.

Hero was the first to invent the vending machine (originally designed to dispense holy water), a wind-powered organ, a water pump, a syringe, a fountain, and laid the foundation for the future development of the thermometer. However, Hero did not place much significance on his inventions and did not pursue further improvements. He likely did not realize their future importance, as they would play a critical role centuries later. For example, when he created the first steam engine, Hero simply used it to open and close temple doors. Had he been more ambitious, perhaps the Industrial Revolution could have occurred two centuries earlier.

Throughout his lifetime, Lemelson held 605 patents. He invented many essential devices, including an automatic warehouse, industrial robots, cordless phones, fax machines, video recorders, film cameras, video tapes, and cassette tapes.

In addition, Lemelson contributed significantly to fields such as medicine, cancer detection and treatment, diamond coating applications, electronics, and television.

Westinghouse was one of the leading figures in 19th-century electrical industry with numerous groundbreaking inventions. He was also a strong advocate for alternating current, making him a rival of Thomas Edison, who championed direct current.

In addition, Westinghouse invented the air brake, a vital contribution to the transportation sector, especially in railway systems.

Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the first telephone, a breakthrough that stemmed from his long efforts to find a cure for his mother's deafness, though the invention of the telephone was a fortunate accident.

Additionally, Bell invented a metal detector, a band-locating machine, a ship-lifting device, and a hearing aid device for the deaf.

Contrary to popular belief, Edison did not invent the light bulb. Instead, he perfected and applied the ideas of earlier inventors, commercializing the invention by mass-producing and selling it to households. Thanks to this, we now enjoy electric lighting.

Additionally, Edison had many other notable inventions, including the duplex telegraph (which could send two messages at once), later improved into the three-way, four-way, and multi-way telegraphs. He also invented the phonograph, which brought him fame. In total, Edison held 1,500 patents worldwide.

Tesla was a groundbreaking figure in the fields of electricity and magnetism. His theories and inventions, including the alternating current power system and AC motors, provided the foundation for the second industrial revolution.

Additionally, he made significant contributions to the fields of robotics, remote control, radar, computer science, nuclear physics, theoretical physics, and ballistics. In his youth, he worked with Thomas Edison, helping to improve many of Edison's outdated machines. However, after disagreements over the use of alternating current, he left Edison’s company. In the final years of his life, he died in obscurity and poverty, with his remarkable ideas leading some to label him a mad scientist.

Archimedes is considered the ultimate nightmare for students around the world, as he was the one who precisely calculated the value of pi, proved a series of geometric theorems, integrals, and analysis, and developed a system using exponentiation...

But that’s not all, Archimedes also invented various machines and weapons to protect his homeland, the most famous of which was using lenses to focus solar energy and burn enemy ships.

The most famous anecdote about Archimedes is when he discovered how to calculate the volume of an irregular object (a golden crown shaped like a wreath) while sitting in a bathtub. So excited by this discovery, he leapt out of the tub and ran naked through the streets shouting “Eureka! Eureka!” (I’ve found it!).

Leonardo Da Vinci can be considered one of the greatest minds in human history, with numerous futuristic ideas that far exceeded the technological capabilities and understanding of his time, such as the helicopter, submarine, tank, parachute, and computer...

However, many of Da Vinci’s ideas remained as sketches and detailed descriptions on paper, never brought to life as practical inventions, because the technology of the era was not advanced enough to make them a reality.

While Edwin Land did not invent the camera or the art of photography, he revolutionized photographic techniques through his brilliant innovations.

As a freshman at Harvard University, Land invented a polarizing filter for photography, enhancing the deep blue hues of the sky and eliminating reflections from surfaces like water and glass. Later, in collaboration with other scientists, he expanded the use of this filter technology across various fields of science and art, while also creating the world-renowned instant camera.

Not only was Benjamin Franklin an outstanding politician, but he was also a polymath, excelling in many fields, especially science and engineering. He is credited with inventing numerous famous devices, such as the lightning rod, the urinary catheter, bifocal glasses, and the glass harmonica.

However, Franklin never sought patents for his inventions. He believed that his creations should be shared freely with everyone, just as he had benefited greatly from the innovations of others before him.