Top 10 Analytical Essays on the Excerpt "Thề Nguyền" from "Truyện Kiều" by Nguyễn Du

Nguyễn Du's masterpiece, "Truyện Kiều," stands as a monumental work in Vietnam's medieval literature, centering on the life and fate of Thúy Kiều, a woman of exceptional beauty and talent, described as "one in a million in both grace and skill." Yet, her life is marred by hardship, misfortune, and turmoil. Despite the suffering and unpredictability that define her existence, Kiều once experienced happiness—when she met and fell in love with Kim Trọng. Their youthful romance, as pure and intense as any other, is vividly portrayed in the excerpt "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath).

After their serendipitous meeting at a grave-sweeping ceremony, Kim Trọng becomes deeply enamored with Kiều. To stay close to her, he rents a lodging near her family home. Kiều, too, feels a stirring in her heart for the scholarly and handsome Kim. Seizing an opportunity when her family is away, Kiều boldly decides to cross the garden wall to meet him again:

"She hastily drew the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

This act of defiance against feudal norms, where women were expected to obey their parents' wishes in matters of the heart, highlights Kiều's determination to pursue her own happiness. Her decisive steps reflect her longing for love and freedom.

In the quiet of the night, Kiều ventures to Kim's side, driven by her yearning. She reflects:

"In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces flush with emotion, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?"

Here, "the flower" symbolizes Kim Trọng, and her journey to him is a metaphor for her pursuit of love. Kiều's premonition of an uncertain future fuels her urgency to cherish every moment with Kim.

As Kim dozes, half-awake, he hears the faint sound of her footsteps, likened to the rustling of lotus leaves. The romantic atmosphere is heightened by the imagery of the waning moon and blooming flowers. Overwhelmed with joy, Kim welcomes Kiều with reverence, lighting candles to sanctify their meeting.

Under the moon's radiant glow, they exchange vows of eternal love, sealing their commitment with symbolic tokens: a lock of hair and a golden knife. The solemnity of their oath is underscored by the moon, a witness to their unwavering devotion:

"The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

Thus, the excerpt "Thề Nguyền" paints a dreamlike scene where Kiều and Kim affirm their love, unburdened by societal constraints. This moment stands as the happiest in Kiều's life, a fleeting yet profound experience of being loved and loving in return.

"Truyện Kiều" stands as the pinnacle of Nguyễn Du's literary genius and a cornerstone of Vietnamese literature. This timeless masterpiece has profoundly influenced the spirit and lives of generations. The excerpt "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath), spanning lines 431 to 452, depicts Thúy Kiều's bold journey to Kim Trọng's home, where they pledge eternal love under the radiant moon:

"She quickly drew the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone... / Their hearts intertwined, / A vow etched in their bones for a hundred years."

Kiều's daring act of crossing the garden at night is vividly captured through the repetition of words like "hastily" and "swiftly," emphasizing her urgency and determination. This defiance of Confucian norms, where women were expected to remain passive in love, marks a revolutionary perspective in Nguyễn Du's portrayal of romance. Kiều's initiative reflects the poet's progressive vision of equality in love and society.

The ethereal setting is painted with delicate imagery: the sparse moonlight filtering through branches, the faint glow of a lamp, and the soft rustle of footsteps. This dreamlike atmosphere envelops Kim Trọng, who hovers between wakefulness and slumber, as if caught in a reverie:

"Leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious. / The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near."

Kiều's arrival and her heartfelt confession reveal her inner turmoil:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Despite societal constraints, Kiều's burning love propels her forward. Their hasty yet solemn oath, witnessed by the moon, symbolizes their unwavering commitment:

"The lotus pedestal, the peach-scented candle, / Together they draft a vow, / A lock of hair and a golden knife, divided. / The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

This excerpt highlights the beauty and sanctity of human love, immortalized in their moonlit pledge. It also provides context for Kiều's later actions, such as in "Trao Duyên," where she recalls this sacred moment with bittersweet longing. "Thề Nguyền" exemplifies Nguyễn Du's bold, humanistic view of love, celebrating its passion, purity, and idealism.

In this life, how many dare to claim they can live without love? The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky once asserted: Love is the poetry of life. A life devoid of love is not living but merely existing. As if by fate, love finds its way into literature and art to achieve immortality. Works of poetry and prose on this theme have always held the highest place in readers' hearts. Who can remain indifferent to the pure love of Romeo and Juliet under the moonlit oath? Similarly, who cannot recognize a part of their soul in the love of Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng? "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath) is a beautiful expression of love between these two extraordinary individuals.

An oath is a profound emotional milestone in love. It affirms trust and unwavering loyalty, providing a solid foundation for the relationship. Both Romeo and Juliet, and Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng, saw it as a testament to their love. In Vietnamese medieval literature, a love like Kim and Kiều's was rare. Their love broke through societal barriers, freeing itself from constraints to unite freely and willingly—a love ahead of its time. To protect and nurture this beautiful bond, Thúy Kiều took bold steps:

"She quickly drew the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

This daring act earned Kiều both criticism and praise. Traditionalists viewed it as contrary to morality and societal norms. While she was expected to remain secluded behind high walls, her decision to venture out alone at night to meet her lover was seen as unbecoming of a refined lady. Yet, through the lens of love, what was deemed irrational and wrong becomes justified. Kiều's love, pure and intense, gave her the strength to overcome the darkness of both the garden and societal judgment. Her actions were not reckless; she remained composed and even justified her decision:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces flush with emotion, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Her love for Kim Trọng, a man of literary grace and charm, compelled her to act. Yet, Kiều remained cautious, aware of life's uncertainties. Her premonitions of a turbulent future added depth to her actions. Like Juliet under the moon, Kiều's boldness surprised and delighted Kim Trọng:

"Leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious. / The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near."

Kim Trọng, awakened by her presence, was mesmerized by her beauty, mistaking her for a divine being. Overjoyed, he welcomed her with reverence:

"Hastily, he ushered her in, / Adding incense to the lotus pedestal. / Together, they drafted a vow, / A lock of hair and a golden knife, divided. / The moon shone brightly in the sky, / Their promises echoed in unison."

The atmosphere of their oath was filled with light, color, and fragrance, creating an unforgettable memory of their first love. The moon, a constant witness to Kiều's life, symbolized the purity and eternity of their bond. While the moon often appeared in pivotal moments of Kiều's life, it was never as full and radiant as during this oath. Its brilliance mirrored the perfection of their love, shielding it from the imperfections of reality.

Though love is often romanticized, the characters in "Truyện Kiều" remain grounded. The urgency in their actions reflects their awareness of life's fragility. This urgency, unlike the fleeting passion of others, stems from a genuine longing for happiness and true love. It is both a defense against life's disruptions and a sign of the fragility of their joy. Kim Trọng's haste to welcome Kiều, their hurried vows, and the exchange of tokens all underscore the fleeting nature of their time together.

Kiều's life was a series of upheavals, each event foreshadowing the next. Even in happiness, the seeds of misfortune were sown. Thus, the urgency in their actions is fitting. Despite these signs of instability, "Thề Nguyền" remains a testament to the happiness Kim Trọng and Thúy Kiều found in their love. It is a celebration of the pure, intense, and beautiful love of two young souls yearning to love and be loved.

As the great German poet Goethe once remarked, the first love of youth always aspires to nobility. Perhaps the oath of Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng is a reflection of such noble love.

After their spring outing, Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng meet again. Kim rents a lodging near Kiều's home. One day, while her family is away attending a relative's birthday celebration, Kiều takes the initiative to visit Kim. They spend time together until evening. Upon returning home and finding her family still absent, Kiều boldly crosses the garden to meet Kim a second time. They pledge eternal loyalty to each other. "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath) is a quintessential excerpt showcasing Kiều's pure, devoted, and daring love—a love that defies feudal norms to unite with Kim Trọng. The excerpt begins with Kiều secretly visiting Kim for the second time:

"The Xiang River stretches faintly, / One side gazes ahead, the other waits behind. / A wall of snow blocks the frost, / News of spring is hard to come by. / She hastily draws the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

Kiều's swift and determined steps reflect her courage and desire to be with her beloved. In a society bound by rigid customs, Kiều's actions are revolutionary. Her boldness and initiative in love reveal her longing for freedom and genuine affection. She races against time and fate to seize her happiness, embodying Nguyễn Du's progressive ideals.

As Kiều ventures through the garden, she drifts into a dreamlike state. For Kim Trọng, this moment is priceless. After days of longing, he finally meets Kiều face-to-face:

"Leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious. / The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near. / His heart flutters like the peak of Mount Giáp, / Still wondering if this is a spring night's dream."

Nguyễn Du uses the metaphor of "lotus steps" to describe Kiều's gentle movements, contrasting with Kim's dazed state. Her sudden return leaves him in a state of blissful confusion, as if still caught in a dream. The poet employs the典故 "đỉnh Giáp non thần" to convey Kim's reverence for Kiều, likening her to a divine being.

Despite her bold actions, Kiều remains grounded. She justifies her impulsive behavior:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces flush with emotion, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Kiều's journey through the "long night" symbolizes her determination to overcome societal barriers for love. Her reference to Kim as "the flower" highlights her deep affection for him. Yet, even in the throes of passion, Kiều remains wary of the future, fearing that her happiness may vanish like a dream.

After Kiều's heartfelt confession, Kim eagerly welcomes her. They light incense, brighten the room, and draft their vows. Under the moon's watchful gaze, they exchange tokens of their commitment:

"The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

Their oath, though brief, is rich in symbolism: the vow, the lock of hair, the golden knife, and the moon all signify their eternal bond. Kiều's gift of her hair to Kim is not just a ritual but a profound expression of her love. Through vivid imagery and典故, Nguyễn Du paints a romantic and poetic scene, with the moon as the eternal witness to their love.

In this short excerpt, Nguyễn Du captures the beauty and idealism of Kim and Kiều's love. Their moonlit oath reflects the poet's humanistic values, celebrating the happiness and dignity of individuals, especially women, in a feudal society.

"Thề Nguyền" (The Oath) is one of the most iconic excerpts in "Truyện Kiều," showcasing Thúy Kiều's bold and devoted love in a feudal society. Defying outdated customs, Kiều actively pursues her love for Kim Trọng. The excerpt begins with Kiều secretly visiting Kim for the second time:

"The Xiang River stretches faintly, / One side gazes ahead, the other waits behind. / A wall of snow blocks the frost, / News of spring is hard to come by. / She hastily draws the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

Kiều's swift and determined steps reflect her courage and desire to be with her beloved. In a society bound by rigid customs, Kiều's actions are revolutionary. Her boldness and initiative in love reveal her longing for freedom and genuine affection. She races against time and fate to seize her happiness, embodying Nguyễn Du's progressive ideals.

As Kiều ventures through the garden, she drifts into a dreamlike state. The sparse dew on the branches and the faint glow of the lamp create a poetic atmosphere:

"The dew lightly clings to the branches, / The lamp's light filters through the yellow curtain. / Kim, leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious."

Transitioning from reality to a dream, Kiều leaves the garden behind to reunite with her lover. The moonlight and lamplight guide her steps, blending reality and illusion. For Kim Trọng, Kiều's sudden appearance feels like a dream. The thin line between dream and reality blurs as he awakens to her presence:

"The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near. / His heart flutters like the peak of Mount Giáp, / Still wondering if this is a spring night's dream."

Kim's joy and confusion are palpable as he grapples with the surreal moment. Kiều's beauty, illuminated by the moonlight, seems almost ethereal. Her gentle footsteps, likened to the rustling of lotus leaves, stir Kim from his slumber. The典故 "đỉnh Giáp non thần" underscores Kim's reverence for Kiều, likening her to a divine being.

Kiều explains her bold actions:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Her journey through the "long night" symbolizes her determination to overcome societal barriers for love. Her reference to Kim as "the flower" highlights her deep affection for him. Yet, even in the throes of passion, Kiều remains wary of the future, fearing that her happiness may vanish like a dream.

After Kiều's heartfelt confession, Kim eagerly welcomes her. They light incense, brighten the room, and draft their vows. Under the moon's watchful gaze, they exchange tokens of their commitment:

"The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

Their oath, though brief, is rich in symbolism: the vow, the lock of hair, the golden knife, and the moon all signify their eternal bond. Kiều's gift of her hair to Kim is not just a ritual but a profound expression of her love. Through vivid imagery and典故, Nguyễn Du paints a romantic and poetic scene, with the moon as the eternal witness to their love.

In this short excerpt, Nguyễn Du captures the beauty and idealism of Kim and Kiều's love. Their moonlit oath reflects the poet's humanistic values, celebrating the happiness and dignity of individuals, especially women, in a feudal society.

"Truyện Kiều" is not only a monumental masterpiece of Vietnamese literature but also a poetic work celebrated worldwide. Through Nguyễn Du's masterful pen, characters like Thúy Kiều, Kim Trọng, and Hoạn Thư come to life, resonating deeply with readers across generations. Spanning 3,254 lines, each segment of the work carries its own unique charm, and the excerpt "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath) is widely regarded as the most vivid portrayal of the beautiful love between Kim and Kiều.

This excerpt also showcases Nguyễn Du's unparalleled talent in depicting scenes and emotions. "Thề Nguyền" marks a pivotal moment in the narrative. After being visited by Đạm Tiên in a dream, Kiều is plagued by anxiety about her future and her love. She wonders:

"Why did fate bring us together? / Will this bond last a hundred years?"

However, her reunion with Kim Trọng reignites her spirit and faith. It compels her to take control of her love and destiny. Learning that her family will be away that evening, Kiều decides to visit Kim. The two lovers confess their feelings and make a solemn vow. The excerpt begins with Kiều stealthily crossing the garden to meet Kim:

"The Xiang River stretches faintly, / One side gazes ahead, the other waits behind. / A wall of snow blocks the frost, / News of spring is hard to come by. / She hastily draws the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

Kiều's swift and determined steps symbolize her courage to break free from the chains of feudal norms that have long confined women. In a society bound by rigid customs, Kiều's boldness in pursuing her love without parental consent reflects her yearning for freedom and happiness.

"The dew lightly clings to the branches, / The lamp's light filters through the yellow curtain. / Kim, leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious."

Transitioning from reality to a dream, Kiều leaves the garden behind to reunite with her lover. The moonlight and lamplight guide her steps, blending reality and illusion. For Kim Trọng, Kiều's sudden appearance feels like a dream. The thin line between dream and reality blurs as he awakens to her presence:

"The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near."

The scene of their meeting is painted with poetic imagery: the waning moon, the blooming pear flowers. Kiều's beauty, illuminated by the moonlight, seems almost ethereal. Her gentle footsteps, likened to the rustling of lotus leaves, stir Kim from his slumber. The典故 "đỉnh Giáp non thần" underscores Kim's reverence for Kiều, likening her to a divine being.

Kiều explains her bold actions:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Her journey through the "long night" symbolizes her determination to overcome societal barriers for love. Her reference to Kim as "the flower" highlights her deep affection for him. Yet, even in the throes of passion, Kiều remains wary of the future, fearing that her happiness may vanish like a dream.

Under the radiant moon, in a poetic setting, Kim and Kiều begin their oath:

"The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

The moon, a recurring symbol in Kiều's life, reaches its fullest and brightest during this oath. Its brilliance mirrors the perfection of their love, shielding it from the imperfections of reality. This clandestine oath, though hastily made, is depicted with solemnity and reverence. The vow becomes an invisible thread connecting their hearts.

Through "Thề Nguyền," Nguyễn Du constructs a breathtaking scene of love under the moon, a symbol of their eternal bond. The excerpt highlights Kiều's desire for freedom and her defiance of feudal norms. The love between Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng is pure, loyal, and transcendent, adding depth and humanistic value to "Truyện Kiều" as a whole.

In medieval literature, writers and poets often addressed communal and societal issues, using poetry to express ideals and moral lessons, rarely touching on romantic love. However, in his masterpiece "Truyện Kiều," Nguyễn Du not only writes about love but also celebrates the free love between couples, a theme vividly portrayed in the excerpt "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath).

An oath is a sacred promise between lovers, symbolizing the depth of their emotions. Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng's love blossoms during a spring festival, and to affirm their feelings, they pledge their love under the moonlight. This act of devotion defies societal norms, showcasing a love that transcends the constraints of their era.

"She hastily draws the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

Kiều's bold action of venturing out at night to meet her lover is revolutionary. In feudal society, such behavior was unacceptable for a woman. Yet, Kiều's actions highlight the power of love to overcome barriers, even those imposed by societal expectations. Her courage reflects her desire to live authentically, driven by her emotions and aspirations. Despite her boldness, Kiều remains mindful of boundaries and justifies her actions:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces flush with emotion, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Here, "the flower" symbolizes Kim Trọng, a man of talent and grace who captivates Kiều. Her love for him compels her to defy conventions. Yet, even in the throes of passion, Kiều is haunted by premonitions of a turbulent future, fearing that her happiness may vanish like a dream. Her urgency reflects her desire to cherish every moment with Kim.

Kim Trọng, startled by Kiều's sudden appearance, is caught between wakefulness and slumber:

"Leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious. / The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near. / His heart flutters like the peak of Mount Giáp, / Still wondering if this is a spring night's dream."

Kiều's gentle footsteps awaken Kim from his dreamlike state. Her ethereal beauty, illuminated by the moonlight, leaves him in awe, mistaking her for a divine being. The blend of reality and illusion captures the essence of love's dreamlike quality.

Overjoyed, Kim welcomes Kiều with reverence:

"Hastily, he ushered her in, / Adding incense to the lotus pedestal. / Together, they drafted a vow, / A lock of hair and a golden knife, divided. / The moon shone brightly in the sky, / Their promises echoed in unison."

The scene of their oath is rich with symbolism: the vow, the lock of hair, the golden knife, and the moon all signify their eternal bond. Kiều's gift of her hair to Kim is not just a ritual but a profound expression of her love. The moon, a recurring symbol in Kiều's life, serves as a witness to their love, illuminating their most sacred moments.

Throughout "Truyện Kiều," the moon accompanies Kiều through her joys and sorrows. It shines dimly when she flees with Sở Khanh:

"The night deepens, the watch passes, / The wind shakes the trees, the moon glimmers through the frost."

And it splits in two when she parts with Thúc Sinh:

"The moon, split in half, / One half on the lonely pillow, the other on the long road."

Thus, the moon bears witness to the pivotal moments in Kiều's life, from the blissful oath with Kim to the heartbreaks that follow. This excerpt poignantly captures the depth of Kiều's love for Kim, marking one of the most beautiful moments in her tragic life.

During the Qingming Festival outing with her siblings, Thúy Kiều met Kim Trọng, a friend of Vương Quan. In an instant, their extraordinary connection blossomed: "A beauty of the nation, a genius of the heavens, / Love within, yet shyness on the surface." Their unusual love story began here. That very night, Kim Trọng's elegant and charming image imprinted deeply on Kiều's sensitive heart, leaving her restless. She pondered:

"Why did fate bring us together? / Will this bond last a hundred years?"

Meanwhile, Kim Trọng, too, was captivated:

"Lost in thoughts of the scenery and the person, / Remembering the meeting, he hurriedly moved on,"

eager to see Kiều again. As if destined, Kiều accidentally dropped a golden hairpin on a peach branch in her garden, which Kim found and returned, using the opportunity to express his secret admiration. They exchanged tokens of affection: the golden hairpin and a red handkerchief, pledging loyalty to each other. One day, while her family attended a birthday celebration at her maternal grandparents' home, Kiều took the initiative to visit Kim. The excerpt describes their meeting at Kim's lodging, where they vowed eternal love under the radiant moon. Through a seamless blend of realistic and classical storytelling, Nguyễn Du celebrates the pure and passionate love of the talented couple, transcending the rigid constraints of feudal norms.

This excerpt connects with other parts of "Truyện Kiều," such as the "Trao Duyên" (The Exchange of Vows) segment. The images of burning incense and the silk thread Kiều mentions in her conversation with Thúy Vân originate from this moonlit oath. Kiều is haunted by the fragility of love after lighting incense at Đạm Tiên's lonely grave. In her dream, she encounters the ghost of the unfortunate courtesan, and from then on, she is tormented by the phrase "talented but ill-fated." As the central figure in this scene, Kiều is portrayed with heartfelt verses.

After spending the day with her beloved, Kiều suddenly realized the lateness of the hour and shyly excused herself, saying it was improper to stay longer. Finding her family still absent, she hurriedly returned to Kim:

"She hastily drew the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

Nguyễn Du uses evocative language to depict Kiều's longing for love. The word "xăm xăm" (swiftly) describes her determined steps, while "băng" (to dash) conveys her boldness in taking a shortcut through the garden at night. The short, urgent rhythm of the verse: "Swiftly / dashing / through the moonlit garden / alone" captures Kiều's proactive attitude and impatience to reunite with her lover. It seems she is racing against time and defying the ominous fate that haunts her, driven by her intense love.

The moonlit garden scene is enchanting and poetic, as if urging the lovers to come together:

"The sparse dew clings to the branches, / The lamp's light filters through the yellow curtain. / Kim, leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious. / The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near."

In this magical night, Nguyễn Du paints the space with moonlight filtering through the leaves, casting uneven patches of light and shadow on the ground. The soft glow from Kim's study adds to the serene atmosphere. Kiều's gentle footsteps awaken Kim from his drowsy state, leaving him in a mix of surprise and blissful joy, unable to believe it is real. Kim Trọng, a refined scholar deeply in love with Kiều, receives her with great respect and listens to her heartfelt words. Kiều, taking the initiative, ignites the flame of love:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Kiều's words carry multiple meanings. First, though their homes are close, she speaks of the "long night," reflecting the psychological distance and time. When in love, even the closest proximity feels insufficient. Thus, her visit to Kim's home symbolizes her overcoming psychological barriers to take control of her love and destiny. Second, her phrase "For the flower, I must seek the flower" expresses her deep love, compelling her to act boldly. The word "flower" typically refers to a woman, but here, Kiều uses it to signify her passionate love for Kim. She adds, "Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?" Her words reveal a foreboding about the fragility of their love, as if she is racing against time and fate. Nguyễn Du empathizes with Kiều's unconventional actions, understanding her heart.

Upon hearing Kiều's confession, Kim eagerly welcomes her: "Hastily, he ushered her in, / Adding incense to the lotus pedestal." Together, they draft their vows, pledging eternal loyalty: "The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

The author vividly portrays the hurried yet solemn atmosphere of the unexpected oath. It unfolds quickly but with full ceremony in a sacred space. The repeated use of words like "swiftly" and "dashing" emphasizes the urgency of the moment. The moon serves as a witness to their pledge, symbolizing the enduring nature of their love. This scene logically continues Kiều's perspective on love, as seen in "Trao Duyên."

The details in this excerpt deepen the reader's understanding of "Trao Duyên," as the moonlit oath becomes a cherished memory of their first love. The intense emotions and heartfelt vows leave a lasting impression on the couple. Despite life's hardships, their love remains unwavering. Kiều's active role in this scene drew criticism from conservative Confucian scholars, who disapproved of her defiance of traditional norms.

There are two reasons for Kiều's boldness: her intense love and her desire to defy fate. Her love for Kim is natural and profound, like a sail meeting the wind. She is not at fault for pursuing her heart. Nguyễn Du successfully portrays a pure and romantic love story. The relationship between Kiều and Kim is a beautiful tale of talented individuals. Additionally, Kiều's tragic fate as a talented woman in an unjust society drives her to seek love as a form of resistance. Her words to Kim reflect her awareness of life's uncertainties:

"Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?"

The excerpt "Thề Nguyền" also reflects Nguyễn Du's views on love and marriage. He advocates for free and voluntary love, transcending the rigid constraints of feudal norms. While Confucian ideals emphasize male initiative in relationships, Nguyễn Du highlights Kiều's proactive role, showcasing his progressive vision ahead of his time.

Despite its beauty, Kiều and Kim's love is shattered by the harsh realities of feudal society. Yet, no matter how cruel the world is, it cannot extinguish Kiều's love for Kim. Her loyalty remains steadfast, even as she faces life's storms. Time may pass, but her love endures. Whenever she thinks of Kim, she is filled with longing and regret:

"How regrettable, the old affection, / Even if the lotus stem breaks, the silk thread remains."

This excerpt helps readers better understand "Trao Duyên," as the moonlit oath becomes a cherished memory for Kiều, one she will remember throughout her life.

During a spring outing to visit graves and celebrate the Qingming Festival with her siblings, Thúy Vân and Vương Quan, Thúy Kiều met Kim Trọng near Đạm Tiên's grave. Though it was their first meeting, both felt an instant connection:

"A beauty of the nation, a genius of the heavens, / Love within, yet shyness on the surface."

Returning home, Kiều was lost in thought, dreaming of composing poetry with Đạm Tiên, who foretold misfortune. Meanwhile, Kim Trọng was restless, renting a lodging near Kiều's home to catch glimpses of her. One day, Kim found a flower Kiều had accidentally dropped, leading to their reunion and a promise of love. When her family was away, Kiều visited Kim. After returning home briefly, she found her family still absent and hurried back to Kim. Under the radiant moon, they pledged their eternal love. The following excerpt (lines 431–452) describes this romantic and beautiful scene, showcasing Kiều's character through Nguyễn Du's masterful storytelling.

The first four lines depict Kiều's second visit to Kim's home:

"In the quiet orchid house, alone, / Reflecting on the chance meeting fate had arranged."

Kiều and Kim exchanged poetry and confided in each other. Kiều lamented her "ill-fated" destiny, while Kim remained optimistic, believing in human will overcoming fate and vowing to risk everything for her. Hearing his words, Kiều felt her heart bloom like spring. In this buoyant mood, she hurried back to Kim when she found her family still away:

"She hastily drew the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone."

The moonlit night was beautiful, but Kiều's focus was not on the scenery. Her swift steps, described as "xăm xăm băng lối," reveal her eagerness to seize the moment. Meanwhile, Kim was in a daze:

"Leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious."

Fatigued from days of longing or elated by the unexpected reunion, Kim's emotions were a mix of both. The image of a scholar, lost in thought, his face caught between wakefulness and dream, is vividly portrayed. As Kim lingered in this state, he heard the "sound of lotus steps" and saw the "pear blossoms," poetic metaphors for Kiều's gentle approach. The scene evokes the典故 of the King of Chu dreaming of the goddess of Mount Wu, adding a layer of mythical beauty to their encounter.

Kiều then spoke:

"She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

Her words reflect her proactive approach to love, defying traditional Confucian norms that dictated women's passivity. Kiều's actions stemmed from her genuine feelings for Kim and her trust in his character. Encouraged by her words, Kim welcomed her into his study, lighting candles and burning incense to create a solemn atmosphere. They drafted their vows, cut a lock of hair, and exchanged tokens of their commitment. The scene is both intimate and sacred:

"The moon shines brightly in the sky, / Their promises echo in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

Their oath, witnessed by the moon, is poetic and romantic yet deeply solemn. The repetition of words like "vằng vặc" (radiant) and "đinh ninh" (resolute) emphasizes their unwavering commitment. This moment becomes a cornerstone of their love, haunting Kiều even as she later sacrifices herself to save her family. Her loyalty to Kim remains unshaken, and her heartache is palpable when she entrusts her sister, Thúy Vân, to fulfill her vows to Kim.

Through this excerpt, Nguyễn Du paints a romantic scene that highlights Kiều's bold and sincere character. Her proactive defiance of traditional gender roles adds depth to her portrayal, while her love for Kim remains pure and profound. This blend of romance and humanistic values enhances the enduring appeal of "Truyện Kiều."

Nguyễn Du's "Truyện Kiều" is a cornerstone of Vietnamese literature, profoundly influencing the lives of the Vietnamese people for centuries. Its value lies in its humanistic themes, such as compassion for the plight of individuals under the feudal system, the celebration of women's beauty and intellect, and its critique of the oppressive feudal regime. The protagonist, Thúy Kiều, is a young woman of exceptional talent and beauty, yet her life is marred by misfortune, embodying the tragic fate of a "talented but ill-fated" woman.

In the first part of the work, "Gặp Gỡ" (The Meeting), the excerpt "Thề Nguyền" (The Oath) stands out as one of the most beautiful depictions of the love between Thúy Kiều and Kim Trọng. Spanning lines 431 to 452, the excerpt follows their meeting during the Qingming Festival. After several encounters, the young couple, brimming with youthful passion, quickly fall deeply in love. Seizing an opportunity when her family is away, Kiều secretly visits Kim. Upon returning home at dusk and finding her family still absent, she boldly returns to Kim to pledge her eternal love under the radiant moon. The excerpt captures their heartfelt vow, symbolizing their deep and sincere affection.

In "Thề Nguyền," Nguyễn Du's progressive views on love are evident. He supports the idea of free and passionate love, breaking away from the traditional constraints of feudal society. This is vividly illustrated when Kiều crosses the garden at night to meet Kim. In traditional Confucian society, such actions were deemed improper for women, who were expected to remain passive and obedient. However, Nguyễn Du portrays Kiều as a bold and decisive character, defying societal norms to pursue her love. This portrayal sparked debates about Kiều's morality, but today, she is celebrated for her courage and strength in love.

"She hastily drew the curtain, / Stealthily crossing the moonlit garden alone. / The sparse dew clings to the branches, / The lamp's light filters through the yellow curtain. / Kim, leaning on the desk, half-awake, / Half-dreaming, half-conscious. / The sound of lotus leaves rustling, / The moon dipping low as pear blossoms draw near. / His heart flutters like the peak of Mount Giáp, / Still wondering if this is a spring night's dream. / She said, 'In the stillness of the long night, / For the flower, I must seek the flower. / Now, our faces clear before each other, / Who knows if this is but a fleeting dream?'"

In these 14 lines, Kiều's urgency to meet Kim is palpable. Her actions reflect the intensity of her love, as she disregards societal norms to follow her heart. The imagery of the moonlit garden and the soft glow of the lamp create a romantic and poetic atmosphere, highlighting the purity and beauty of their first love. Kiều's determination is further emphasized by her swift and decisive steps, described as "xăm xăm băng lối" (dashing through the garden alone).

Kim Trọng, half-asleep at his desk, is startled by Kiều's sudden appearance. The典故 "giấc hòe" (dream under the pagoda tree) symbolizes Kim's aspirations for success and fame, but his dream is interrupted by Kiều's arrival. The moonlight and pear blossoms add to the romantic ambiance, making their reunion even more enchanting. Kim, overwhelmed with joy, welcomes Kiều with reverence, lighting candles and burning incense to create a solemn atmosphere. Together, they draft their vows, exchange locks of hair, and pledge eternal loyalty:

"Hastily, he ushered her in, / Adding incense to the lotus pedestal. / Together, they drafted a vow, / A lock of hair and a golden knife, divided. / The moon shone brightly in the sky, / Their promises echoed in unison. / Heartfelt words bind their souls, / A bond etched in their bones for a hundred years."

The scene is both intimate and sacred, with the moon serving as a witness to their love. Their oath, "Trăm năm tạc một chữ đồng đến xương" (A vow etched in their bones for a hundred years), reflects their unwavering commitment to each other. This moment becomes a cornerstone of their love, haunting Kiều even as she later sacrifices herself to save her family. Her loyalty to Kim remains unshaken, and her heartache is palpable when she entrusts her sister, Thúy Vân, to fulfill her vows to Kim.

Through "Thề Nguyền," Nguyễn Du portrays a romantic and progressive view of love, celebrating the courage and sincerity of Thúy Kiều. Her defiance of traditional gender roles and her pursuit of true love add depth to her character, making "Truyện Kiều" a timeless masterpiece of Vietnamese literature.