Top 10 Analytical Essays on the Poem "Quy Hứng" (Hứng Trở Về) by Nguyễn Trung Ngạn

"What is homeland, mother?"

"And why must the teacher teach us to love it?"

Nguyen Trung Quan once pondered such questions: What is it about homeland that makes everyone feel nostalgic, that drives them to love it, to return to it no matter where they go? The two words "homeland" may seem simple and modest, yet they carry profound meaning. Many writers and poets find an endless source of inspiration when talking about their homeland, and Nguyen Trung Ngạn is no exception. Once, while on a diplomatic mission in China, he composed the poem "Hứng trở về" (Longing to Return) to express his deep yearning for his homeland and his desire to return home quickly.

"The old mulberry tree sheds leaves as silkworms ripen, The early rice blooms, and crabs grow fat."

Nguyen Trung Ngạn wrote "Hứng trở về" during his diplomatic mission in Jiangnan, China. Although his life as an envoy was rich and comfortable, with numerous privileges and rewards, no joy from the wealth and luxuries of a foreign land could compare to the simple, humble beauty of his homeland. Thus, the poet evoked the most familiar images of rural Vietnam to illustrate his longing for home.

The poem begins with Nguyen Trung Ngạn vividly expressing how deeply he misses his homeland. This longing comes from the simplest and most rustic things:

"The old mulberry tree sheds leaves as silkworms ripen, The early rice blooms, and crabs grow fat."

These lines are filled with familiar images of rural life: the mulberry tree, the silkworms, the blossoming rice, and the fat crabs. These are the sights and sounds that forever imprint themselves on the minds of children raised in the countryside, surrounded by endless rice fields and the scent of nature. These images are Nguyen Trung Ngạn's memories of his homeland, and his longing is reflected in these everyday scenes from his childhood. The listing of these familiar things shows how the longing grows within him, becoming overwhelming.

This longing is not just emotional; it is tangible, almost evoking the scent of ripe rice, the taste of succulent crabs in a bowl of crab soup made by his mother. These are vivid images that connect to the bones and flesh of anyone who has grown up in the countryside. Just as our ancestors expressed their own deep longing for home in every word:

"I left, but I remember my homeland, I remember the boiled water spinach and pickled eggplant."

The familiar foods and cherished landscapes, even the simplest of things, bring forth a flood of memories for those far from home. This longing is so profound, so heartfelt! In his poetry, Nguyen Trung Ngạn doesn't rely on the metaphorical or symbolic imagery typical of classical poetry; instead, he uses the most humble, everyday images to evoke his yearning for home.

This approach contributes to the shift toward simplicity in early Vietnamese poetry, breaking away from the formality of classical works. If you've ever read classical poetry, you'll notice the heavy emphasis on formality, with abundant use of symbolic imagery to enhance the elegance and depth of the poem. Take, for instance, the work *Truyện Kiều* by Nguyễn Du, which includes symbolic imagery like:

"The flowers smile, the jade speaks with grace, The clouds pale, and the snow replaces the color of skin."

However, Nguyen Trung Ngạn breaks this convention, creating a poem that expresses a simple and humble longing for his homeland, yet it is no less profound. As the poem progresses, we feel his longing more deeply:

"I hear that even though home is poor, it is better there, No matter how joyful life abroad is, it can't compare to being home."

Serving as an envoy is a difficult job, yet one that comes with many rewards. One enjoys the luxury, beauty, and cuisine of foreign lands. But for Nguyen Trung Ngạn, no experience abroad could match the comforting simplicity of his homeland. The fragrance of ripe rice, the taste of plump crabs, the silkworms feeding on mulberry leaves—these images linger in his mind. Though his homeland is poor, its beauty and simplicity are unparalleled.

Though living in a luxurious, bustling foreign land, the feeling of being home in his own country remains the most wonderful to him. The riches and grandeur of foreign lands cannot compare to the peace and contentment he feels back home. The poet subtly compares life in his homeland to his experience abroad, suggesting that although life abroad is filled with wealth and luxuries, "it can't compare to being home."

Nguyen Trung Ngạn expresses his longing to return to his homeland, to be in a place filled with the simple, familiar things he cherishes. Both lines of the poem use the technique of comparison, but each carries a different meaning and emotion. The poet mentions his homeland with joy and happiness, while the foreign land is associated with sorrow and longing.

Through the verses of "Hứng trở về," one can feel the poet's deep affection for his homeland, his love for his country. He also imbues the poem with a sense of national pride, presenting a vivid and genuine portrayal of Vietnam's rural landscapes. Using the simplest language, Nguyen Trung Ngạn stirs in us a profound love for our homeland, one that is both moving and heartfelt. The images of silkworms, mulberry groves, ripened rice fields, and the taste of crab soup will remain etched in our minds, evoking a sense of longing that is hard to forget.

As the poem concludes, we are deeply moved by Nguyen Trung Ngạn's sincere and simple expression of his yearning for his homeland. His love for the country, his pride in the nation's heritage, and his longing to return home inspired him to write this remarkable work. Through his poem, Nguyen Trung Ngạn conveys a powerful message: We may travel to many places, but there is only one place we can truly return to, and that is our homeland!

Nguyen Trung Ngạn was not only a highly respected official but also a poet with many famous works. One of his masterpieces is the poem "Quy Hứng," which was written after his diplomatic mission in China. Let us delve into this poem to explore Nguyen Trung Ngạn's love, longing, and desire to return to his homeland.

Nguyen Trung Ngạn, also known as Bang Trực and with the pen name Giới Hiên, was born in Hung Yen province. He was a prominent figure during the Tran dynasty and is renowned for his patriotic spirit. He left behind many remarkable poems, including the "Giới Hiên Thi Tập," with "Quy Hứng" standing out as one of his key works.

The poem is written in the form of a four-line verse, capturing the profound longing of a person away from home while also expressing the pride of someone living in a foreign land. The first two lines vividly convey the depth of this longing:

“Lão tang diệp lạc tàm phương tận”
“Tảo đạo hoa hương giải chính phi”

Which translates to:

“The old mulberry tree sheds its leaves as the silkworms ripen,
The early rice blooms, and the crabs grow fat.”

Love is expressed in its simplest form, as the longing for home rises and fills the heart with intense emotions. The poet refers to the falling mulberry leaves, the yellow silkworms outside, the rice blossoming in the fields, and the intoxicating fragrance of the rice. These images evoke a sense of familiarity and comfort that makes one think of a peaceful, humble village. These vivid images remain etched in the poet's memory as an unforgettable recollection.

Nguyen Trung Ngạn employs the artistic technique of contrasting comparison, often referred to as "Bần diệc hảo," meaning "poverty still brings comfort"—highlighting that despite the luxurious life in Jiangnan, it is incomparable to the simplicity and beauty of home. This emphasizes the deep love the poet has for his homeland, his family, and the emotional bond to his roots. Even when surrounded by the bustling prosperity of Jiangnan, it cannot replace the warmth and joy of returning home.

With a warm and introspective tone, the poem captures the poetic beauty that resonates with readers. Anyone who has been away from home can relate to the feeling of longing for the place where they were born, the land that shaped their childhood, and the simple, familiar images that bring them comfort. Through each line of the poem, Nguyen Trung Ngạn reveals the depth of his emotions and his profound connection with his homeland.

The vivid imagery of plump crabs, ripe rice, and the rustic landscapes all serve as representations of rural Vietnam. These images, deeply embedded in the poet's heart, reflect his passionate love for both the people and the homeland. At the moment of writing, the poet yearns to return home as soon as possible. This illustrates his strong sense of national pride and his unwavering connection to his homeland.

By analyzing the poem "Quy Hứng," we see the sacred love the poet has for his homeland. Nguyen Trung Ngạn paints a picture of familiar scenes that capture the simple and close-knit nature of rural life. His poetic genius allows readers to feel the emotions of a person far from home, revealing his inner thoughts and desires. The poem also serves as an inspiration for younger generations to deepen their love for their country, reminding them of the simple, beloved place they came from and encouraging pride in their homeland wherever they may go.

The theme of homeland has always been a prominent topic in ancient literature, where readers can sense the pure affection of high-ranking officials who spent many years serving in the royal court. After enduring the turmoil and struggles of the court, the peaceful moments back home are depicted as both simple and precious, leaving a lasting impression.

For Nguyen Trung Ngạn, while he was away from home in China, his deep longing is expressed through his poem "Quy Hứng." In writing about his homeland, the poet not only praises the beauty of nature but also embeds a sense of love and gratitude for his origins, no matter the circumstances. In the opening lines of the poem, the poet describes the prosperous and abundant countryside during the harvest season;

The old mulberry tree sheds its leaves as the silkworms ripen.

The early rice blooms, and the crabs grow fat and rich.

The familiar details of farming in his hometown—such as "old mulberry trees shedding leaves," "silkworms," "rice," "rice flowers," and "crabs"—are all described as "fragrant," "ripe," and "fat," signifying a bountiful and plentiful harvest. These images, deeply familiar to the poet, remind him of his childhood days spent grazing cattle and cutting grass in the fields. Despite holding a high-ranking position in the royal court and performing an important diplomatic mission for national peace, his heart is overwhelmed with the longing for home, as the golden rice fields appear vividly in his mind.

“Old mulberry trees shed their leaves,” “silkworms ripen,” “early rice blooms with fragrance,” “crabs are fat and plump”—these are images, memories of his youth, now distant and lost. Living in the luxurious cities of a foreign land, amid riches and opulence, the scent of blooming rice and the sight of plump crabs still stir the poet’s soul.

Readers can imagine a breathtaking rural landscape gradually unfolding through the poet's descriptions. The golden rice fields stretch wide, exuding a rich fragrance, while the sound of silkworms munching on mulberry leaves fills the air, and the fat crabs scurry in the fields. The countryside is portrayed with a serene, abundant beauty.

Born and raised in the simple countryside, the poet undoubtedly feels a deep sense of longing and nostalgia for his homeland when he is away. Not only does he express his joy in the bountiful harvest and the natural beauty bestowed by the heavens, but he also conveys a sincere and unwavering affection for his birthplace under any circumstance:

It’s said that even poverty at home is better,

Even though life in a foreign land may bring joy, it can never compare to being at home.

These two lines are full of emotion, affirming his unwavering affection for his homeland. “It’s said that even poverty at home is better”—even if his homeland is poor, the value of being in the land where one was born, where one grew up, is irreplaceable. And so, no matter how luxurious the foreign lands may be, no matter how elegant the royal court, the familiarity, warmth, and comfort of home always remain etched in the poet's heart. The longing for home has transformed into a deep yearning, a life philosophy for the poet.

No amount of wealth, precious treasures, high positions, or grand receptions can compare to the moment spent at home, immersed in nature, living as one’s true self, and experiencing the innocence of childhood. His feelings toward his homeland remain constant, and from this foundation of love, the poet expresses his gratitude and pride in his country. The poet subtly contrasts his homeland, Đại Việt, with China, which he is currently visiting, a country renowned as a cultural and economic powerhouse. Yet for the poet, no place can compare to the simplicity and peace of his own homeland.

The poem perfectly expresses the poet’s deep, enduring love for his homeland. Without using extravagant words or directly stating his emotions, the poet’s sincere heart is revealed through the depiction of rural landscapes. The love for his beautiful, pure homeland, despite the physical distance or the luxurious conditions abroad, always leads his heart back to his roots, to his family.

The brief and concise lines, with simple, familiar imagery, resonate deeply with readers, evoking a sense of love and affection for their homeland. The poet’s use of common rural images from Vietnam stirs empathy in the reader, making them feel as though they are returning to their own past. This is the success of the poet and the artistic brilliance of the poem.

Nguyễn Trung Ngạn (1289 – 1370), known by the pen name Bang Trực and the courtesy name Giới Hiên, was a distinguished scholar and statesman during the Tran dynasty. He hailed from Thổ Hoàng village, in the district of Thiên Thi (modern-day Ân Thi, Hưng Yên). Among his literary contributions, the collection 'Giới Hiên Thi Tập' stands out, with 'Hứng Trở Về' being one of the works written while the author was on diplomatic mission in China. This poem conveys his profound love for his homeland and national pride, encapsulated in the poignant nostalgia for his native place.

For every expatriate, their homeland is a place of endless yearning—a nostalgia that never fades. It is a place filled with memories, from the simple meals like cà dầm tương to the image of a loved one working in the fields. This love for one’s roots is captured in the following verses:

He left, yet his heart clung to his homeland,

Longing for the boiled water spinach, the cà dầm tương.

He remembers those who toiled in the sun and rain,

And the one who scooped water from the roadside long ago.

This love is humble, originating from every individual, and never fades, especially when standing far from home. The poem 'Hứng Trở Về' is a reflection of this deep attachment to one’s homeland and a yearning to return to that beloved place.

With all these emotions, 'Hứng Trở Về' has resonated deeply with readers. The poem begins with an intense longing for the homeland and a love for the country, capturing the poet’s heavy heart:

Old mulberry leaves fall as silkworms ripen,

Early rice blooms, and crabs grow fat in abundance.

Images of mulberry trees, silkworms, and rice fields are quintessential representations of rural Vietnam, where the labor of generations past has shaped the land. These familiar scenes, imbued with memories of toil and sweat, stir a deep emotional response in the poet. The fragrance of familiar plants, the evening breeze, or a melancholic sunset can evoke profound feelings in those with a sensitive soul.

The poet's emotions also color the surrounding scenery, making even the bustling city life and its joys seem less inviting than the peaceful homecoming to the countryside. Yet, this is not the core of the author’s emotional expression. Beneath the surface lies a deep love for the nation and a sense of national pride, which further intensifies the author's sentiments.

It’s said that even in poverty, home is better,

Though the joys of foreign lands cannot compare to the return home.

This love for the homeland and the country becomes even clearer in these final lines, where the contrast between the foreign land and the humble home amplifies the author’s emotional state. The grandeur and allure of foreign places cannot compete with the longing to return to one's roots. The feeling of nostalgia for home becomes ever-present.

In the context of the author’s situation, the deep longing for home takes on an even more profound meaning, representing not just personal nostalgia but also a patriotic pride and a reaffirmation of the author's loyalty to his homeland. The poet’s emotions are subtly conveyed through these simple, familiar images, yet they deeply touch the hearts of readers. The intense desire to return home is sparked by the very memories and images of the homeland that soothe the poet's pain.

'Hứng Trở Về' offers readers a fresh perspective on Vietnamese poetry, filled with simple yet powerful language that evokes emotions not only in the poet but also in those who share the same longing for home, especially among those far from their homeland. These simple yet beautiful aspects have made 'Hứng Trở Về' a lasting impression on its audience.

Nguyen Trung Ngan is a renowned Vietnamese poet whose achievements are widely acknowledged. Throughout his life, he dedicated himself to the literary world and had a profound influence on the nation's literature, with his work *Quy Hung* standing out as a prime example.

The *Quy Hung* poem by Nguyen Trung Ngan depicts a rural landscape, filled with familiar and intimate images of Vietnamese countryside life. These images deeply impacted the author's emotions, reflecting his profound attachment to his homeland. The poet spent his life immersed in these feelings, connecting intimately with the land of his birth. The poem portrays elements like silkworms, ripened rice stalks, and the fattened river crabs, all symbols of his beloved countryside.

Numerous familiar images unfold within the poem, leaving a significant impression on the author's thoughts and imagination. The peaceful rural setting, filled with simple yet evocative imagery, evokes powerful emotions in the poet, embodying the true essence of his homeland:

The old mulberry leaves fall as the silkworms ripen,

The rice blooms early, the crabs are at their fattest.

Even though life at home is modest, it's still the best,

In Jiangnan, life may be bright, but it cannot compare to home.

The silkworm image introduced in the poem represents a deep connection to the land. The sight of ripe mulberry leaves brings the poet a distinct sense of taste and emotion. He feels a sweet nostalgia for these familiar, intimate images, so deeply intertwined with human life. These memories awaken his longing for home, the simplicity of nature, and the profound bond between the author and his homeland.

The ripened rice blossoms and the fat crabs are images found only in the rural homeland, sparking the poet's memories of these rural delights. These vivid images stir the poet's emotions, conveying the deep, gentle affection he feels for his land. Amid the hardships of rural life, these images symbolize the resilience and bond that the people share with each other, growing and thriving together with nature.

The author's affection for his homeland remains evident in every word. He expresses a love for the simple, everyday life of his birthplace, where each day brings its own unique charm. In his writing, he conveys a quiet, strong attachment to the homeland, which influences his emotions and the essence of his work.

The depiction of nature in the poem presents a picture of both grandeur and intimacy. It carries a subtle, heartfelt tone that resonates with readers. These images evoke a love for the homeland, capturing moments of peace and reflection. The poet illustrates the profound emotional connection he has with his homeland, inviting the reader to experience this gentle, yet powerful, sentiment.

Through his deep affection for his homeland, Nguyen Trung Ngan's words affect the readers profoundly. The various images he evokes create powerful emotions, shaping both his thoughts and the emotions of his audience. Each image in the poem serves as a key to unlocking the author's inner feelings and the cultural depth that the homeland represents.

Images like the sweet-smelling rice in the countryside, the rich crab soup, and the warmth of family life are all integral to the poem. Despite the humble nature of his homeland, the poet expresses a deep, enduring love for it. These simple yet profound emotions flow through his writing, making the rural life of Vietnam resonate deeply with the reader.

Even though Jiangnan offers a bright, prosperous life, the poet finds it lacking in comparison to the intimacy and simplicity of home. His attachment to his family and homeland is so strong that it shapes his every thought. In writing this poem, the author channels his personal, powerful emotions into a reflection on the significance of these familiar, beloved images of his homeland.

The images in the poem echo the sweet, nostalgic sounds of rural life. Despite the poverty of his homeland, the poet sees it as full of richness and depth in its simplicity. These familiar images stir emotions of longing and affection, carrying a soft, harmonious melody that encapsulates the author's deep connection to his roots.

The author's love for his family and homeland is woven throughout the poem. It is evident in his reflections on the images that he holds dear, which resonate with gentle affection. The poem carries an emotional weight that reflects the strength of his love for both his family and the rural landscape of Vietnam.

Every time someone recalls their homeland, they are reminded of the sweet, fragrant rice, the plump river crabs, and the deep emotional ties that connect them to the land. These images reflect a deeply emotional and sentimental connection to the Vietnamese countryside, filled with its own unique rhythm and harmony. This relationship, full of tenderness and love, influences not only the poet but also resonates with readers across generations.

The homeland, the place of birth, is where each person forms a connection with simple yet beloved images. These tender, everyday scenes carry a gentle melody that remains in the poet's heart. They evoke deep, lasting emotions that have a profound impact on the reader today and in the future. The imagery of home carries these memories, stirring both the poet's soul and the hearts of all who read it.

The author's deep love for his homeland and family shapes the poem. Through vivid depictions of familiar landscapes, he paints a picture that resonates with the reader, invoking the same deep feelings of attachment. The work speaks of the strong, unbreakable bond between the poet and his roots, making it a deeply emotional experience for all who engage with it.

Nguyễn Trung Ngạn (1289-1370) passed the royal exams at the age of 16, eventually becoming Chancellor during the Trần Dynasty. He also left behind a collection of poems, Giới Hiên Thi Tập, written in Chinese. The poem "Quy hứng" was composed in the seven-character quatrain form during his diplomatic mission to Jiangnan, China.

The poem expresses a deep yearning for home, a sense of pride from someone living in a foreign land:

“Lão tang diệp lạc tàm phương tận,

Tảo đạo hoa hương giải chính phì.

Kiến thuyết tại gia bần diệc hảo,

Giang Nam tuy lạc, bất như quy”.

The first two lines capture the longing of an expatriate: remembering the mulberry leaves falling at the end of the season, the golden silkworms, the early rice fields exuding fragrant scents, and the rich taste of fat crabs. The time the poet references is most likely October, when the weather turns cool, heightening the sense of homesickness:

“Lão tang diệp lạc tàm phương tận,

Tảo đạo hoa hương giải chính phì”

(Mulberry leaves fall, silkworms ripen,

Early rice blooms with a sweet scent, crabs fatten up)

The artistic elements in the poem, like mulberry trees, silkworms, early rice, and crabs, evoke the simple, rustic beauty of the poet’s homeland. These familiar sights and tastes have become ingrained in the poet's soul. His longing for home in the 14th century mirrors the nostalgia felt by a farmer today, who misses the rich flavors of home:

“Anh đi anh nhớ quê nhà

Nhớ canh rau muống, nhớ cà dầm tương”

(Folk song)

And the soldier's yearning during the war with France (1946-1954):

“Bao giờ trở lại đồng Bương Cấn

Về núi Sài Sơn ngó lúa vàng

Sông Đáy chậm nguồn qua Phủ Quốc

Sáo diều khuya khoắt thổi đêm trăng”

Quang Dũng (Mắt người Sơn Tây)

This demonstrates that the yearning for home is a universal and beautiful feeling, reflecting the loyalty and affection of the Vietnamese people. Returning to the last two lines of the poem, the words "bất như quy" ring out as a command from the poet's soul:

“Kiến thuyết tại gia bần diệc hảo,

Giang Nam tuy lạc bất như quy”.

(It is better to be poor at home

Though Jiangnan is joyous, nothing compares to home)

The poet uses a fascinating contrast: “bần diệc hảo” (poor is still good), comparing the "poverty" of home to the prosperity of Jiangnan. The joy of a foreign land can never compare to the comfort of home. The poet’s connection to his homeland is profound. Despite the luxurious life in Jiangnan, his heart constantly whispers, “bất như quy” – nothing is better than home.

The emotion in "quy hứng" fills the poem with love for the homeland and a deep sense of national pride, woven into each verse and each line.

"Quy hứng" is a beautiful and moving poem. It is beautiful because of the emotions of the expatriate, and because of the simple yet profound words that carry deep, meaningful reflections. Behind the verses is a love for home, a heart that remains steadfast and loyal.

Nguyễn Trung Ngạn (1289 – 1370), whose courtesy name was Bang Trực and pen name Giới Hiên, hailed from Thổ Hoàng village in Thiên Thi county (now Ân Thi, Hưng Yên). He was a prominent official of the Trần Dynasty, rising to the rank of Chancellor. He is also known for his poetry collection Giới Hiên Thi Tập, among which the poem "Quy hứng" stands out. The poet opens the poem with a deep sense of longing for his homeland, recalling the familiar sights of his childhood:

“Anh đi anh nhớ quê nhà,

Nhớ canh rau muống, nhớ cà dầm tương.

Nhớ ai dãi gió dầm sương,

Nhớ ai tát nước bên đường hôm nao”

The poem reflects the poet's emotional connection to the simplest and most beloved elements of his home, such as the taste of morning soup made with water spinach, the tang of fermented shrimp paste, and the memories of his childhood under the sun and rain. These images evoke a sense of nostalgia for his homeland, a sincere love that never fades. Many poets of the medieval era expressed similar love for their homeland, but what makes this poem distinctive is its use of familiar, almost intimate imagery: the falling mulberry leaves, the silkworms ripening, the early rice flowers exuding their fragrance, and the plump crabs.

These are vivid images that connect deeply with anyone raised in rural areas, making them more than just picturesque symbols—they are inseparable from the poet’s life. Such imagery is reminiscent of what folk poets have often used to express their feelings. The poet's bond with his homeland is clear, and his love is profound, as he cherishes these simple, yet powerful symbols:

“Dâu già lá rụng tằm vừa chín,

Lúa sớm bông thơm cua béo ghê.”

The rice fields with their golden stalks, the fragrant aroma of ripening rice, the peculiar plumpness of the crabs, and the ripening mulberry branches turning red and yellow all combine to depict a picture of rural life that is as beautiful as it is simple. Despite the poverty of his homeland, the poet still finds joy in these simple, familiar feelings, which stand in stark contrast to the lavish life in the cities. No matter how luxurious the foreign land may be, the connection to his homeland remains unwavering:

“Nghe nói ở nhà nghèo vẫn tốt

Dầu vui đất khách chẳng bằng về”

Living in a foreign land may be full of excitement and wealth, but nothing compares to the deep satisfaction of being at home, in the place where one was born and raised. The poet’s heart remains with his homeland, despite the allure of the busy city. The same feeling of homesickness was expressed by the poet Du Fu during times of war, where his tears fell as he thought of his home. Similarly, this poet’s longing for home persists even amidst the splendor of the city.

The deep and sacred love for one’s homeland is evident in this poem. Beyond the personal longing for home, it also conveys a sense of national pride and identity, asserting the poet's unwavering loyalty to his roots. No external allure can distract him from his deep connection to his homeland. In "Quy hứng", this love for the homeland is not expressed directly through words, but through common, everyday images that resonate deeply with everyone. The familiar images of mulberry trees, silkworm baskets, rice fields, and the simple joy of a humble crab soup evoke an inescapable bond with the poet’s homeland.

Who can remain unmoved when thinking of these familiar images: the mulberry trees, the silkworm baskets, the rice fields in full bloom, or the sweet taste of a simple crab soup? These memories, so vividly portrayed in the poem, remind the reader of the profound connection that ties the poet to his homeland. "Quy hứng" leaves a lasting impression on the reader with its heartfelt depiction of homesickness, bringing to life the rural beauty and tender sweetness of the poet’s homeland.

Nguyễn Trung Ngạn (1289-1370), with the courtesy name Giới Hiên, was from Thổ Hoàng village, Thiên Thi district (now part of Ân Thi, Hưng Yên province). He was a prodigy: at twelve, he passed the royal examination, and by sixteen, he was a Hoàng giáp graduate.

He served under four Trần dynasty emperors and made significant contributions in military, political, and diplomatic matters. In 134, under Emperor Trần Dụ Tông, he and Trương Hán Siêu compiled the 'Hoàng triều đại điển' and 'Hình thư' laws. His life was dedicated to his homeland, deeply attached and emotionally connected to the place of his birth.

During a diplomatic mission to China, he composed the poem 'Quy Hứng,' written in the seven-character quatrain form. The poem expresses homesickness, longing for one's homeland while staying in a foreign land. It vividly depicts rural scenes that are deeply familiar and peaceful in Vietnam. The imagery includes mulberry trees, ripe rice, and river crabs… simple yet evocative:

"I long for my home when I travel afar,

Remembering dishes like water spinach and fermented eggplant."

The love described is simple and natural, often growing stronger when one is far from home. The poet compares the luxuries of foreign lands with the simplicity and comfort of home. Even in the midst of a bustling, prosperous foreign land, the poem reveals how images of home and the rural lifestyle remain vivid:

"The old mulberry leaves fall, silkworms mature,

Rice blossoms early, crabs fatten up.

I hear that at home, even poverty feels good,

Joy in the land of strangers can't compare to home."

The opening verses describe common rural scenes, rich in local tradition: mulberries, silkworms, and rice, essential to every Vietnamese village. These familiar images, though humble, are cherished, and the poet yearns for the simple joys of village life, like crabs harvested from the rice fields, which are considered delicacies full of nutrients. Simple meals shared with family create deep contentment. The poet's emotional attachment to these simple rural images drives him to express his longing through this heartfelt poem. Despite being surrounded by luxury and comforts in foreign lands, his yearning for home becomes overwhelming, and his poetic voice resounds with his desire to return. His love for his homeland is clear in the final lines:

"I hear that at home, even poverty feels good,

Joy in the land of strangers can't compare to home."

Through these two concluding lines, the poet contrasts the vibrancy of life abroad with the irreplaceable value of home. He conveys that no matter how much wealth or excitement is found in foreign places, nothing can compare to the comfort and warmth of his homeland. The poet's deeper message reflects pride and loyalty to his roots, reinforcing the enduring connection to one's origins, no matter where life leads.

The poem 'Quy Hứng' (Return to the Homeland) emphasizes the author's deep love for his country and his pride in being Vietnamese. Through a vivid depiction of natural scenes and cultural symbols, the poet calls for a return to the simplicity and peace of home. The work encourages younger generations to strive for the prosperity and growth of their homeland while remembering the beauty and values of their roots. Whether abroad or at home, the pride of being Vietnamese should always remain strong and unwavering.

Nguyễn Trung Ngạn was a talented and virtuous official during the Trần dynasty in Vietnam. He was regarded as a prodigy, having passed the highest royal exam (equivalent to a modern-day PhD) at the age of sixteen. In addition to his political career, Nguyễn Trung Ngạn also composed poetry and left behind a collection known as Giới Hiên Thi Tập. One of his most famous works is the poem "Quy Hứng," written after his return from a diplomatic mission to China. The poem beautifully expresses the poet's deep love and longing for his homeland.

“Old mulberry leaves fall, silkworms ripen,”

“Early rice flowers bloom, crabs are fat and tender,”

“I’ve heard that at home, even poverty is good,”

“Though there is joy in foreign lands, it cannot compare to home.”

In this poem, Nguyễn Trung Ngạn uses the form of the seven-character quatrain, a type of Chinese verse that combines brevity with rich meaning. The poet begins by painting images of his homeland with familiar, simple details:

“Old mulberry leaves fall, silkworms ripen,”

“Early rice flowers bloom, crabs are fat and tender.”

Everyone has a place they hold dear in their hearts, and for Nguyễn Trung Ngạn, it was his homeland. The poem was written after he returned from a mission, and he reminisces about the familiar sights of his homeland: the mulberry trees, silkworms, rice fields, and crabs. The poet cleverly describes these scenes at the peak of their ripeness, evoking the image of returning to a familiar land filled with abundance. The fields of mulberry trees, the scent of rice, and the image of plump crabs stir up a sense of warmth and nostalgia.

The imagery of a peaceful, prosperous rural area is vivid in the reader's mind. The description of the rice fields in the morning light evokes a sense of tranquility, while the image of the crabs brings to mind a simple, rustic dish—sweet crab soup enjoyed on a hot summer day. These humble images combine to form a picture of a homeland that the poet longs to return to.

Whether in ancient or modern poetry, depictions of the homeland always carry a sense of simplicity and sincerity. While Nguyễn Trung Ngạn longs for his mulberry garden and rice fields, other poets such as Đỗ Trung Quân also express their deep affection for their homeland:

“My homeland is a cluster of sweet starfruit,”

“For me to climb and pluck every day.”

Poet Tế Hanh also contributes to this theme of love for the homeland with lines describing the green river:

“My homeland has a green river,”

“Its clear waters reflect the trees.”

Nguyễn Trung Ngạn emphasizes his love for his homeland by contrasting it with the prosperous land where he spent time on his diplomatic mission:

“I’ve heard that at home, even poverty is good,”

“Though there is joy in foreign lands, it cannot compare to home.”

The poet stresses that even if his homeland is poor, it is still the best place. This illustrates the deep bond one has with their birthplace, filled with memories and emotions that no foreign land can replace. For Nguyễn Trung Ngạn, "foreign land" refers to China, where he spent time as an envoy. Despite the bustling and prosperous life there, the poet expresses that it pales in comparison to the simple, peaceful life of his homeland.

Through these two contrasting lines, the poet emphasizes the irreplaceable value of one's homeland. This philosophical insight reflects the sentiments of many great thinkers, who cherish the simple, peaceful life in their homeland, free from the distractions of foreign, bustling cities.

In just four short lines of seven-character quatrains, the poet successfully conveys his longing for the homeland. The rhythm of the poem, combined with the simple yet vivid images, captures the peaceful rural life and Nguyễn Trung Ngạn's deep love for his homeland. His poem remains one of his most famous works, illustrating the power of simple imagery and the poet's heartfelt emotions for his homeland.

"Quy Hứng" is a well-known poem by Nguyễn Trung Ngạn that masterfully captures the feelings of homesickness and longing for a beloved homeland. The poet expresses a deep love for his country through the simple, beloved images of nature. This work continues to resonate with readers, evoking feelings of nostalgia and pride for one's homeland, no matter where they are in the world.

The two words "hometown" evoke deep feelings, like the endless flow of a mother's milk, like the simplicity and vastness of a mother's love. The image of the homeland, with its bamboo bridge, small boat, and rows of green bamboo swaying in the sweet, fragrant breeze... has been embedded in our subconscious. Yet, when one must leave their homeland, it becomes an enormous challenge. I am no different, as I wrote the poem "Hứng trở về" (Returning Home) while being far away in a foreign land. Just like the verse of a folk song:

“I left, but I miss home

Missing the water spinach soup, the fermented fish paste,

Missing someone who toiled in the sun and rain

Missing someone who watered the fields by the roadside long ago.”

(Folk song)

Once, I returned to my homeland after many years of separation. The nostalgia, the memories, all rushed back. But here it was, my homeland, everything remained the same as before, but where were the old people? The children had grown up and were now strangers. They asked me: "Uncle, which village are you from?" It was truly heart-wrenching—time!

When away from one’s homeland, even the simplest things become sacred. Everyone remembers their homeland with fond memories of childhood and growth. As I wrote "Quy hứng", I was on my way back to my homeland, filled with anxiety and anticipation.

“The old mulberry leaves fall, the silkworms are ripening.” The image of the “old mulberry leaves, falling leaves, and ripening silkworms” has been etched in my mind because of my deep connection with my homeland. I understand the characteristics of my homeland, so I always remember it with familiar images. Only someone deeply bonded with their roots can feel this way. In moments of transition, while living in a foreign land, my homeland has always been my spiritual anchor, lifting me up and supporting me on my journey through life.

If you were born and raised in a rural area, far from the hustle and bustle of life, when you must leave the place you've been attached to, the memories that stay with you are those of lush rice fields, and the garlic fields too. I remember the rice fields full of ripening grains and the days spent catching crabs in the rivers.

“Early rice blooms, the crabs are fat and sweet.” Only those who are deeply connected to the land, who sense not just the images but also the scents, can truly appreciate it. I love my homeland; only deep, sincere love can transform these simple things into something so profound. I was not born in a bustling city but in a countryside filled with the scorching sun of the seasons, where there are fragrant rice fields and people who are warm-hearted and simple. I take pride in that.

What about you? Would you take pride in being born and raised in a city? Of course, you would, because everyone has a homeland to be proud of (“Everyone has only one hometown”). But my homeland is this—my poor homeland, its people humble and simple. Yet when I am far away, having gone through the ups and downs of life, I ask myself: why does my homeland hold such a tremendous weight on my heart?

“I heard that even in a poor house, life is good.” Though I am far from my homeland, its image continues to haunt me in my dreams. I still long for it, hoping for news from home, and in quiet moments, I listen for the sounds of life there. Though it remains poor, the wealth of the soul is the most important kind of wealth. Perhaps this aligns with Nguyễn Trung Ngạn's poem: “I heard that even in a poor house, life is good.”

In the journey of life, full of hardships, no matter how many delicious dishes I’ve eaten or beautiful sights I’ve seen, the true essence of life lies in the deep, lasting impressions that stay in the heart. My soul is always drawn to my homeland, filled with longing and burning desire. There, there’s my old mother, my siblings, and my young nieces and nephews. How could I not long to return?

“Though joyful in foreign lands, it’s not as good as returning home.” Sometimes, I try to adapt to a new environment, but no matter where I go, I always remember the familiar things—my homeland. That’s the power of the homeland. It is always like a mother, embracing her children and giving them strength on their life’s journey.

This is an immutable truth. No matter how life changes and evolves, the river always flows, the stork still glides on the evening breeze, and the fields still smell fragrant in bloom. Living in a foreign land, all I can do is strive and learn, so one day, I can return with the knowledge to help build a better, richer homeland.