Top 10 Analytical Essays on the Story "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest" by Son Nam

Son Nam, born Pham Minh Tai (also known by the pen name Pham Anh Tai), hailed from Rach Gia (Kien Giang). He became involved in the revolution in 1945, contributing to cultural and artistic movements during the resistance against French colonialism, and later worked as a writer and journalist in Saigon. Born in the southernmost region of Vietnam, Son Nam is a true representative of this land. This region became both his creative subject and the focus of numerous scientific works. His short story collection, "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest," stands out as a prime example of his literary style and reflects his deep connection to the local culture and nature. The stories in this collection immerse readers into the vast and mysterious U Minh region with its canals, mangrove forests, swamps, and marshes, home to diverse wildlife such as fish, birds, crocodiles, snakes, and honeybees. This land is both a treasure trove of nature's riches and a place that demands sacrifice — sweat, tears, and blood — from those who work the land, confronting wild animals, diseases, swamps, and colonial oppression. Amidst this rich and dangerous landscape, the hardworking people of the region shine. They are strong, resilient, and skilled individuals, embodying the typical character of Southern Vietnam: generous, straightforward, loyal, and honest, albeit sometimes gullible, superstitious, and deeply religious. The work is infused with Son Nam's love for his country, his compassionate soul, and his mastery of the Southern dialect, all wrapped in a subtle yet intelligent humor. The allure of "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest" lies not only in its rich narrative style but also in the unexpected twists that take readers on a journey of discovery. One of the first surprises is the revelation that crocodiles, believed to live only in rivers, can be found deep in the forest. Villagers from Khanh Lam travel to witness this strange sight: crocodiles, lying amidst the dense vegetation, creating a startling contrast against the greenery. Another intriguing character is Mr. Nam Hen, a crocodile hunter who sings eerie songs as he rows his boat. His chant, "Where is the soul?" echoes the mystery and superstition that surrounds his work. Mr. Nam Hen is no ordinary hunter; he is a skilled crocodile catcher, using his bare hands in a manner that seems almost supernatural. As the story unfolds, his cunning and mysterious nature add to the intrigue, and his personal story of loss and vengeance reveals the deep emotional layers behind his actions. The work also captures the essence of the land's people — simple, yet filled with deep emotional bonds. Mr. Nam Hen's vow to avenge the death of his brother at the hands of a crocodile showcases his loyalty and the strong sense of justice that permeates the Southern Vietnamese character. His song, filled with sorrow and determination, speaks of his deep connection to the land and his unwavering commitment to his people. Through vivid imagery and poignant details, Son Nam brings to life the haunting beauty of the U Minh Ha region, capturing both the dangers and the profound spirit of the people who call it home. His writing evokes a sense of spiritual connection to the land, as if the cries of lost souls echo through the waters and the forests, forever entwined with the lives of the people. Son Nam truly is the literary voice of the southernmost part of Vietnam, with every word he wrote reflecting the soul of his homeland.

Sơn Nam (1926-2008), also known by his pen name Phạm Anh Tài, was a writer from the southern region of Vietnam, known for his unique artistic style. One of his most famous short stories is "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest", which was published in the 1962 collection *Hương Rừng Cà Mau*. This collection consists of 18 stories that vividly portray the landscapes, traditions, and resilient qualities of the people living in the southernmost part of Vietnam. The story depicts the adventures of Mr. Năm Hên as he hunts crocodiles in the Cái Tàu Creek in the Khánh Lâm village, celebrating the bravery and simple nature of the southern Vietnamese farmers.

The story paints a complete picture of the natural environment in the U Minh Hạ region, where the people live and struggle to survive. The treacherous nature of this land is not only characterized by dangerous swamps but also by the deadly crocodiles that inhabit it. These crocodiles have claimed many lives, and the villagers, who must venture into the jungle to make a living, live in constant fear of encountering them. The villagers are helpless against the crocodiles' might and can only mourn the loss of their unfortunate fellow villagers.

The plot revolves around the character of Mr. Năm Hên, an elderly man who has dedicated his life to hunting crocodiles. He embodies the spirit of the early settlers of the southern region, who ventured into new lands to establish their livelihoods. Mr. Năm Hên is portrayed as a simple, humble, and honest man. His unusual appearance, accompanied by a lit incense stick and a jar of alcohol in his small boat, adds a mysterious element to his character. He spends his days paddling through the creek, singing songs that carry a sense of eerie sorrow, as if beckoning a restless spirit.

When villagers express doubt about his ability to catch crocodiles with his bare hands, Mr. Năm Hên humbly admits, "I am not particularly skilled. I only know a few tricks. Some people say it's magic or some kind of witchcraft for money..."

The author describes the crocodiles with vivid, striking details. In a large pond, the crocodiles rise from the water, creating "dark streaks" in the "green canvas" of the mangrove forest. The crocodiles are described through comparisons that evoke a sense of terror. Some are so massive that they lie still, resembling a "primitive canoe," while others are alert, aggressive, and use their forelimbs to push through the reeds, their snouts raised to the sky like the muzzle of a cannon. The depiction of the wild, eerie, and fascinating nature of this land is enhanced by the author's detailed portrayal, inviting readers to explore the mysterious secrets hidden in this vast region.

Mr. Năm Hên, a crocodile hunter from Kiên Giang, proactively seeks out the Cái Tàu creek. He is a poor farmer who harbors a deep-seated grudge against the vicious crocodiles. Twelve years ago, his brother, who had gone to clear the forest to establish farmland, was taken by a crocodile. Mr. Năm Hên hunts crocodiles as a vow to his brother's spirit, saying: "I swear to avenge you," and wherever there are crocodiles, he will go.

On his journey to catch crocodiles at the Cái Tàu creek, Mr. Năm Hên is accompanied only by Tư Hoạch, who guides him to the crocodile-infested pond. After noon, smoke rises from the pond, initially thought to be a forest fire, but it eventually fades away. By the evening, Tư Hoạch returns, triumphantly leading 45 live crocodiles. Tư Hoạch exclaims, "A brilliant plan! A brilliant plan!" The dangerous act of crocodile hunting captivates the reader with the cunning and skill of Mr. Năm Hên. Initially, people doubted his ability to defeat the crocodiles, but he proves them wrong. He returns amidst the joy and celebration of the villagers.

Through the short story "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest", the author provides readers with a deeper understanding of the southern Vietnamese landscape while also showcasing the resilience and determination of its people. Despite the constant threat from nature, the people here remain undeterred, striving to adapt and overcome adversity.

Sơn Nam is a writer with a storytelling style that is simple and clear, capturing the essence of the unique landscapes and the personalities of people through humble yet poignant depictions of Southern Vietnam. A perfect example of this style is found in his work "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest," where the author leads readers through one surprise after another in the thrilling crocodile hunt by the character Năm Hên.

The story revolves around Năm Hên, an old man whose profession is hunting crocodiles. He embodies the spirit of Southern Vietnamese people during the early days of settling new lands. Năm Hên is honest, kind-hearted, humble, and modest. His unusual appearance is described: "In the boat, there is only a stick of incense and a jar of wine. From morning till evening, he paddles up and down the river, singing as he goes."

Additionally, his song sounds "melancholic and eerie," as though he is summoning a lost soul. Yet, when people doubt his unconventional way of catching crocodiles with bare hands, Năm Hên openly admits, "I’m not talented at all, I just know a few tricks. Some say it’s magic to make money…"

He values honor over wealth. A man of integrity, Năm Hên acts out of a sense of duty, never for personal gain. He confesses, "Catching crocodiles can make you rich, but I’m not interested in such wealth." The reader soon realizes that when Năm Hên introduces himself and his profession, he corrects the term "catching crocodiles" instead of "fishing for crocodiles," subtly revealing a quiet pride in his noble work. He takes action when necessary, helping others in need without considering personal consequences, "not caring for such wealth."

He is also a man of great intellect. The crocodile hunt that Tư Hoạch narrates demonstrates Năm Hên’s exceptional skills: "He sets fire to the grass, using local herbs to start a fire in the pond. Later, despite the smoke burning his eyes and the hot water, the crocodile climbs onto the shore following a pre-determined path. He jams a piece of wood into its mouth. The crocodile bites down, unable to release it, as if it were stuck on a huge chunk of candy."

Holding a spear, Năm Hên aims at the crocodile's back, carefully cutting its tail tendons. With its tail paralyzed, he ties its hind legs with a vine, leaving the front legs free so it can continue swimming. Tư Hoạch and others have marveled, "This man is truly a sage! His strategies are truly masterful."

Through Tư Hoạch’s account, we also see that Năm Hên is an extremely courageous man. It takes bravery to remain calm in the face of dangerous crocodiles. His calmness and courage enable him to defeat the deadly beasts. For forty years, Năm Hên has captured crocodiles, and these once-ferocious creatures now seem to obey him, as if tamed. Through his courage, Năm Hên has truly become a hero of this wild land.

Yet, Năm Hên also carries deep sorrow. He shares his personal loss: "My parents had only two children... My brother was taken by a crocodile at the Đình Junction." This tragic loss has haunted him for years. Even after twelve years, the pain of the loss still lingers. The sight of crocodiles, as numerous as ripe mù u fruits falling, stirs in him an overwhelming grief, a pain that he shares with the villagers. He expresses this sorrow in his haunting song:

"Where is the soul now?

......

Setting up an altar to release its sorrow…"

His song sets a mysterious and eerie tone for the story. The writer describes his singing as full of sadness and anger: "The voice sounds like crying, pleading. It’s a mix of rage and sorrow." The song’s mournful content reflects his grief for his brother but also serves as a call to the wandering souls lost to the dangers of this land, victims of both tigers and crocodiles. The tragic imagery at the story’s end, after capturing the crocodiles, paints a haunting picture: "His clothes torn, hair a mess, eyes bloodshot, holding a bundle of incense that flickers in his hand," making him appear as though he were possessed, singing a ritual to appease the restless spirits of the land, speaking for the souls lost in the struggle for survival in this harsh world.

Through the story "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha Forest," we gain a deeper understanding of the Southern Vietnamese wilderness, often referred to as a land of gold and abundance with its vast rice fields. We also learn about the cleverness, character, and contributions of its people in expanding the nation’s boundaries.

Vietnamese farmers have always faced a life full of hardships, laboring under the sun and enduring grueling work, often described as "selling their faces to the earth and their backs to the sky." They constantly contend with the fierce forces of nature. The overwhelming power of nature acts as a barrier to human survival and work. In his short story "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha," the writer Sơn Nam portrays the deadly threat posed by crocodiles to the people of the Mekong Delta.

Sơn Nam, a prominent writer from the South of Vietnam, became involved in revolutionary activities early on and contributed significantly to both revolutionary literature and Vietnamese literature as a whole. His writing spans various historical periods of the nation. A talented writer with a knack for crafting thrilling stories, he often creates vivid details and uses language rich in Southern dialect, with characters full of life.

The short story "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha" is one of eighteen stories in the collection "Fragrance of Cà Mau Forest." This short story stands out as a prime example of Sơn Nam's style, marked by its unique narrative approach and impactful storytelling.

The nature and people of U Minh Ha leave a strong impression on readers as they are introduced to the U Minh Ha Forest, where crocodiles roam and pose a serious danger to humans. The untouched forest is teeming with a wide variety of plants, including lush cajeput trees, wild grasses, reeds, and other local flora.

Interestingly, there are numerous crocodile-infested ponds in the Cái Tàu river that affect the lives of local residents. Confronted with the dangers posed by these creatures, the people display remarkable resilience. They mourn the tragic losses of those taken by the crocodiles.

In the face of the relentless dangers posed by these "monstrous creatures," Năm Hên arrives in U Minh Ha as a figure of skepticism to the local community. Yet, they resolutely support him in his efforts: from using iron-tipped hooks to catching crocodiles by hand, to working alongside skilled men like Tư Hoạch, a local expert in beekeeping and knowledgeable of the Cái Tàu terrain, as well as strong men who are experienced in trapping tigers and hunting wild boars.

The central character, Năm Hên, is depicted by Sơn Nam in a simple yet powerful manner, representing the honest, down-to-earth people of the Mekong Delta. He is a humble, modest, and honorable man. Despite his age, he is a skilled and courageous crocodile hunter. Upon hearing of the crocodiles' cruel attacks in U Minh Ha, he sets out in his boat, carrying only two items: an incense stick and a jar of liquor. These are not tools for catching crocodiles, but symbolic offerings in remembrance of those who lost their lives to the beasts.

Năm Hên's intelligence and bravery in facing the crocodiles further prove his exceptional abilities. Specializing in hunting crocodiles on land without the need for hooks, he prepares escape routes, sets fire to the reeds and other vegetation, causing the crocodiles to be overwhelmed by the smoke and heat. As they crawl up to escape, he forces a piece of wood into their mouths, which they bite down on tightly. He then uses a spear to cut the crocodile's back, paralyzing its tail and tying its hind legs, capturing it in the process.

Despite the perilous nature of his work, Năm Hên is a man of great compassion. His mission is not for personal gain, but to help the villagers of Khánh Lâm live and work in peace, free from the constant threat of crocodiles. In addition, he honors those who have been killed by the crocodiles with his heartfelt tributes.

His song is a tribute to the souls of those who perished at the jaws of the crocodiles, including his own brother. The lyrics evoke the harsh realities of life in U Minh, where many people lost their lives in the struggle to survive, and highlight Năm Hên’s deep sense of empathy and solidarity with his fellow villagers. Through his clever actions in capturing the dangerous crocodiles, he also "sets up an altar to release their grievances" for the souls of the deceased:

"Where is the soul now?

Soul, oh Soul!

Far from the trees and the branches,

Far from the roots and the leaves,

At the end of the shore and at the base of the hill.

The tiger takes, the crocodile catches,

Because of the tightness,

The torn clothes and empty bowls,

U Minh, red and ominous,

The cajeput trees are green and vivid!

We mourn, we lament,

Setting up an altar to release their grievances…

The song creates a mysterious, eerie atmosphere, full of emotion, resembling a ritual to call forth spirits or a prayer for the souls of the lost. Through Sơn Nam's writing, readers gain a deep understanding of the lives of the people in this region. The thrilling narrative, captivating plot, and unique story structure make Năm Hên’s character even more impactful as he takes on the challenge of eliminating the dangerous crocodiles.

Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha invites readers to explore a mysterious land full of both natural and human challenges. Through the story, readers gain a greater appreciation for the people and the land of Southern Vietnam, deepening their love for their homeland and their nation. Across the length of Vietnam, there are still people and places yearning for peace, and every citizen has a role to play in the development and preservation of their country.

Sơn Nam's short story collection, "Hương Rừng Cà Mau", was published in Saigon in 1967. It consists of eighteen short stories and one poem that serves as an introduction. The collection focuses on the nature and people of the southernmost part of Vietnam, a world in its early stages of development, with sparse population and vast wilderness.

The characters in these stories seem to have emerged from the swamp, enduring the sun and rain, struggling against nature to survive. Nature is rich but full of dangers: in the forest, there are tigers, leopards, and venomous snakes, while the rivers teem with crocodiles. During the flooding season, the fields become like an ocean. The stories depict honest, hardworking farmers full of bravery and intelligence. Despite their poverty, they remain full of life and have a strong sense of justice and patriotism.

The narrative style is concise, with suspenseful situations and well-drawn characters. The use of local dialects is minimal, giving the language a clean and simple beauty, which is a unique artistic feature of the stories. One of the stories in the collection, "Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha", tells of the brave and clever character Năm Hên as he faces a dangerous crocodile swarm.

The story begins by painting a picture of a wild and terrifying nature: in the dry season, as the water recedes, crocodiles gather in the swampy forests of the U Minh Ha region. There, the crocodiles form large clusters in ponds, some lying still like boats, others raising their heads like cannon mouths. Among them is an old crocodile with a red spot on its back, the leader, glaring at the people before retreating to the center of the pond to defend itself...

The scene is a chilling one, with the ferocity of nature threatening the peaceful lives of the villagers. The message comes from a man who eats honey in the forest, bringing bad news to the villagers of Khánh Lâm, making everyone anxious. A looming disaster is approaching, but no one dares to confront the dangerous crocodiles.

The villagers gather to witness the crocodiles firsthand, but in fear, they silently retreat. The atmosphere becomes tense around the village. A dramatic situation unfolds as the villagers await their savior. Then, unexpectedly, a strange figure appears—a man rowing a small boat towards Khánh Lâm, singing eerie, sorrowful songs.

The haunting lyrics echo:

Where is the soul?

Oh soul! Oh soul!

Far from the trees, far from the roots,

Far from the branches, far from the shore,

At the head of the field, at the edge of the bay,

The tiger carries, the crocodile catches...

The song evokes the restless spirits of those who once pioneered the southern land, only to be buried in the green forests and red waters. It calls to mind ancestors and the fear that nature might now threaten their descendants. The elders of the village are deeply moved. This is the savior the villagers have been hoping for.

The villagers welcome him with great respect. During a drinking session, Năm Hên explains himself. He hears about crocodiles destroying crops and immediately arrives, no invitation needed. He feels duty-bound to deal with them, not for money, but for the sake of his people, driven by a personal vendetta to avenge his brother's death. For him, it's never about wealth—others may profit from the crocodile-hunting trade, but he has no interest in riches.

He is a deeply emotional, righteous, and selfless man, with pure and simple ideals. His honesty is evident in his straightforward manner: “I’m no expert, just a bit clever. Some people say I use magic to make money, but I do it for justice.”

While the village is helpless, watching the large and fierce crocodiles, Năm Hên offers to catch them without tools, using only his bare hands. All he needs is a guide, an assistant, and a spade. The villagers are both amazed and doubtful. After a while, a column of black smoke rises from the forest, only to quickly dissipate. The villagers anxiously gather, waiting for the outcome, preparing for a celebration. Then, unexpectedly, Tư Hoạch returns with a boat full of crocodiles. This surprising result far exceeds their expectations.

The suspense builds as the villagers row out to the river, eager to see for themselves. Tư Hoạch slowly recounts the events, explaining the process. This reveal highlights Năm Hên’s cleverness and resourcefulness, earning him the admiration of everyone in the village. He is seen as a hero, a “living legend” by the people of Cái Tàu and Rạch Gía, who will be grateful to him for life.

When Năm Hên finally returns, he is in a strange state, his hair messy, eyes red, waving incense sticks as he sings again, creating a surreal atmosphere. His intent is to honor the spirits of the ancestors according to local customs. The belief is that the souls of those killed by animals like crocodiles still follow the creatures, so when they are caught, the souls are appeased. This shows Năm Hên’s deep empathy for the victims and his strong connection to his ancestors.

The mysterious atmosphere around his return and his repeated ghostly song evoke a sense of nature’s overpowering force. Năm Hên is portrayed as a quintessential Southern man: simple, straightforward, courageous, and full of compassion. The story’s artistic structure, engaging suspense, and straightforward plot lead to a powerful depiction of both human ingenuity and the daunting forces of nature.

Through Năm Hên’s crocodile-hunting journey, the author depicts the pristine, mysterious, and threatening nature of the southern landscape, highlighting the intelligence and perseverance of the people in their struggle to overcome nature and safeguard their lives.

When people mention Son Nam, readers often think of him as a dedicated researcher and a passionate writer about the southernmost region of the country. Nearly all of his works focus on this theme.

Regarding his literary creations, the most remarkable and representative of Son Nam’s works is the short story collection 'Scent of the Forest in Ca Mau,' in which 'Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha' stands out as one of his most prominent stories. In the pages of this story, the character of Nam Hen, the old crocodile catcher, is vividly depicted and deeply engaging to the reader.

The U Minh Ha Forest is a wild natural area: 'Mosquitoes are more numerous than the grass. The air is thick and foggy, like mist' (Introduction to Scent of the Forest in Ca Mau). It is where the people of the southernmost part of the country are clearing and settling. Day by day, they are ready to fight against nature and wild animals to preserve their survival.

These people, 'cutting through the forest above, confronting the river god below.' They have helped transform this land into fertile and rich soil by mixing sweat and blood with the earth. In this brutal struggle for survival, there have been numerous individuals who are honest, kind-hearted, but also shrewd and courageous. Nam Hen, the old crocodile catcher in this story, is a prime example of such a person.

Strongly reflecting the character of the Southern farmers during their initial settlement in new lands, Nam Hen, above all, is portrayed as an honest and kind person. His unusual appearance, with only a bundle of incense and a jar of wine in his boat, shows his modest life. From morning until evening, he rows his boat back and forth along the canal, singing as he goes.

Moreover, his singing is strangely eerie, as if trying to lull some restless soul. However, when the villagers began to doubt his crocodile-catching method, Nam Hen humbly confessed: 'I’m not skilled; I just know a few tricks, and according to others, they call it magic for money.' An honest and kind man, Nam Hen acts out of righteousness and is not interested in personal gain.

He shared: 'Catching crocodiles can bring wealth, but I don't care about that wealth...' Readers understand that when he first introduced himself, he corrected the term for his profession, calling it 'catching crocodiles' rather than 'fishing for crocodiles,' a subtle sign of his quiet pride in his work, which he performs entirely for the greater good.

Seeing what needs to be done, he doesn't hesitate to take risks in order to help others, with no thought of personal gain. 'I don't care for wealth,' just as the old crocodile catcher says. His image reminds us of characters like Mr. Ngư, Mr. Tiều, and Mr. Quán from the story 'Lục Vân Tiên' by Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, who always embody a spirit of action for righteousness and justice.

'Who counts profit and loss, no need for it
Remember the saying 'If you see an injustice, don't turn away'
To be a person like that is truly heroic...

Ngư said: 'My heart is not greedy'

Dedicated to righteousness, why wait for gratitude

Clear water washes away all impurities

What use is fame or fortune when your heart is pure?'

By sincerely explaining his background and motivations, Nam Hen gained the villagers' trust. His humble words, 'I'm not particularly skilled; I just know a few tricks,' are a modest way of showing his cunning.

The way Nam Hen catches crocodiles is described by Tư Hoạch in a very ingenious manner: He sets fire to the reeds and traps around, causing smoke to fill the air, forcing the crocodiles to surface. When the crocodiles come up, he inserts a stick of bamboo into their mouths.

The crocodile bites down, its jaws locking like it’s holding a giant lump of sugar, unable to open its mouth. Nam Hen then uses a spear to gently cut the tail’s tendon, rendering the tail useless. After that, he ties the crocodile’s hind legs together, leaving its front legs free so it can still swim...

After hearing the story, some remarked: 'Truly, he is a master of this land! Such brilliant tactics!' From Tư Hoạch’s detailed narration, it’s clear that Nam Hen was not only a clever man, but also very courageous. He remained calm in the face of the crocodile’s aggression and was not intimidated by its fierce, gaping jaws.

He inserted the bamboo into the crocodile’s mouth. Thanks to his bravery and composure, Nam Hen was able to subdue the deadly crocodiles. Forty-five crocodiles were sent down the river for the villagers to transport. These 'water monsters' followed him as if they had been tamed. With courage, he truly became the master of this wild land.

It is the harsh living environment that forces people to sharpen their wits and skills to survive. Returning to the character of the old man 'catching crocodiles in U Minh Ha,' we see that he also carries a heavy heart. Listen to his story: 'My parents gave birth to just two of us... My brother was taken by a crocodile at Ngã Ba Đình.' This loss was devastating to him. And so, he swore to avenge his brother.

Twelve years passed, but the pain of that loss remained fresh. The sight of crocodiles appearing in the forest, as numerous as ripe Mù U fruit falling, reminded him of that profound grief, a pain he sincerely shared with the villagers. His sorrow is expressed through his song:

'Where is the soul?

Oh soul! My soul, where are you?

Far from the tree, far from the branch,

Far from the root, far from the branch,

At the head of the field, at the edge of the river

The tiger takes, the crocodile catches

Because of tightness

In the torn shirt, the bowl of rice

The U Minh red as blood

The green cajeput forest knows!

I pity myself, I grieve

Setting up a shrine to solve the grievance…'

When the writer describes his voice as eerie and haunting, 'His voice seems to cry out in sorrow. It is filled with anger and pain,' readers can understand. Moreover, the content of his song is full of sadness. It is not only his mourning for his unfortunate brother but also a call to the wandering souls of those who perished due to the harsh life in this land.

Readers empathize with Nam Hen, a man with deep, rich inner thoughts, who is not concerned with material life. His simple tools for crocodile hunting—just a bundle of incense and a jar of wine—show his modest life.

In particular, the sad, mysterious aspect of his character is evident at the end of the story, after he captures the crocodiles: his torn shirt, messy hair, red-rimmed eyes, holding a bundle of incense. It seems as if he is possessed. Could it be that he is singing a 'spirit calling' song for the countless lost souls who once perished at the hands of crocodiles in the ongoing battle for survival in this region?

Thus, through his words, actions, and inner expression, especially with just a few simple details, Son Nam has vividly portrayed the character of Nam Hen, the old crocodile catcher of U Minh Ha, showcasing the distinct Southern character—honest, kind-hearted, clever, and, above all, devoted to righteousness, disregarding personal gain.

We have read many literary works since the August Revolution that portray the Southern farmers in a realistic, detailed, and vivid manner. These are people who embody the spirit of Lục Vân Tiên: honest, kind-hearted, deeply loyal to righteousness, ideals, and the revolution, showing courage and resilience against their enemies.

Through the character of Nam Hen and the short story 'Catching Crocodiles in U Minh Ha,' we gain a deeper understanding of the beauty of the Southern farmers at the beginning of their journey to explore new lands and tame the wilderness to survive. Despite their intelligence and bravery, they still faced countless hardships and dangers, suffering great losses along the way. Today, as we live on this beloved land, we should not forget the contributions of our ancestors...

During the years of resistance against French colonialism, Sơn Nam worked in cultural activities in the IX Southern Region, giving him ample opportunities to study the nature, history, and people of the southernmost part of Vietnam – the Cà Mau region. His deep connection with Cà Mau and the Southern region is reflected in many of his writings and research. The short story 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Forest' was first published in the 'Nhân Loại' weekly in 1957 and later compiled in the collection 'Scent of the Cà Mau Forest' in 1962. With his deep-rooted knowledge of the southern land, Sơn Nam offers readers a vivid portrayal of the unique nature and people of U Minh Hạ in this story.

The U Minh Hạ region, as depicted in the story, features lush green cajuput forests, wild plants like reeds, sedges, and giant toads. The crocodiles in the Cái Tàu creek are as numerous as the ripe mù u fruits falling from the trees. The people living in this wild and harsh land are depicted as hardworking, clever, brave, resilient, and full of vitality and deep affection for their neighbors.

Their love for their community is shown in how they mourn the neighbors lost to crocodile attacks, and they bravely face the dangers of the jungle with skill and determination. Some use iron hooks to catch crocodiles, others set live ducks as bait, while Năm Hên catches crocodiles with his bare hands. The characters in the story, including Tư Hoạch, who is an expert in using local resources, bring life to the wild Cà Mau land.

Sơn Nam’s storytelling style is simple, natural, and clear, capturing the essence of his characters, especially Năm Hên, with just a few details that reveal his personality traits.

1. Simplicity, humility, and prioritizing duty over wealth

Năm Hên is an elderly crocodile hunter in Kiên Giang. Hearing rumors about the crocodile-infested pond, he rows his boat to the Cái Tàu creek with only a bundle of incense and a jar of wine. The incense honors those who were taken by the crocodiles, and the wine boosts his courage for the dangerous task ahead. He values duty over wealth: “Crocodile hunting can make one rich, but I care little for such wealth.”

2. Cleverness, courage, and resilience

Năm Hên specializes in catching crocodiles on land, without using hooks. He prepares escape routes, sets fire to the reeds and toadstools, causing the crocodiles to be overwhelmed by smoke and heat, forcing them to crawl out, where he stuffs a piece of foam into their mouths, trapping them with their jaws. He then uses a spear to slice through the crocodile's back, cuts its tail near the base, and ties its hind legs before bringing it back.

3. A deep sense of duty and remembrance for the past

- Năm Hên’s crocodile hunting aims to help the people of Khánh Lâm feel safe in their work and lives.

- Importantly, Năm Hên also honors the memory of the past. His song commemorates the spirits of those who perished due to crocodile attacks, including his own brother.

His song expresses grief for the harsh life in U Minh, where many lost their lives to crocodiles and tigers in search of food, and reveals Năm Hên's deep sympathy and commitment to his community. His actions to catch the dangerous crocodiles and perform a ritual to release their spirits are a testament to this.

Where is the soul now?

Oh, soul! Oh, soul!

Far from the trees, far from the roots,

Far from the branches and leaves,

At the end of the field, by the shore,

The tiger takes, the crocodile captures,

Because of hunger,

Clothes and food scarce,

U Minh is blood-red,

The cajuput forest is lush!

I grieve, I lament,

Creating a ritual to release the spirits...

The song creates a mysterious and eerie atmosphere, full of emotion, like a spiritual call or an invocation to free the souls of those lost to crocodiles.

The story of 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Forest' captivates readers with its thrilling plot, vivid imagery, dynamic characters, and the strong colors of the Southern Vietnamese language. The author takes readers from one surprise to the next, keeping them on edge with each unfolding twist:

The first surprise: The crocodiles are found in the forest, not in the river as expected. A person returns from the forest to announce: 'The crocodiles in the forest are as numerous as ripe mù u fruits falling from the trees!' The villagers are amazed to witness this unusual sight. The second surprise: Năm Hên arrives, claiming to catch crocodiles with his bare hands – an extraordinary feat.

The third surprise: Tư Hoạch rows a boat carrying a group of crocodiles, swimming calmly like an eerie raft, leaving the villagers to wonder whether it’s reality or a dream. The fourth surprise: Tư Hoạch explains the simple yet effective method Năm Hên uses to capture crocodiles.

Reading 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Forest' is like exploring a strange land filled with mysterious aspects of nature and people. Though unfamiliar, it feels intimately connected, reminding us of our homeland: rich, harsh, and home to resilient, brave, intelligent, and optimistic people who survive and thrive through struggle, building the country. This story deepens readers' love and appreciation for the southernmost part of Vietnam, its people, and its land.

Sơn Nam is a writer with a unique and simple storytelling style that brings vivid clarity, capturing the essence of the landscape and the characters' traits, with the richness of Southern Vietnamese culture. A prime example of this style is the short story 'Crocodile Hunting in the U Minh Forest,' where the author leads the reader through one surprising event after another during the crocodile hunt of Mr. Năm Hên.

The story centers around Năm Hên, an elderly man whose job is hunting crocodiles. He embodies the qualities of the Southern Vietnamese people, especially those who ventured into new lands to build their livelihoods. First and foremost, he is honest, gentle, humble, and modest. His introduction is peculiar: 'In the boat, there was only a single incense stick and a jar of wine.' From dawn to dusk, he paddles along the creek while singing. Moreover, his song feels 'mournful and eerie,' as if it is calling upon a restless spirit. But when he senses that the villagers are skeptical of his unconventional method of catching crocodiles with his bare hands, he openly confesses, 'I’m not talented, just a bit clever, some people say it’s magic to make money...'

He is a person who values honor over wealth. An honest and gentle man, Năm Hên acts out of duty, never seeking personal gain. He confides, 'Crocodile hunting can make one rich, but I am not interested in that kind of fortune.' The readers realize that when he first arrived, he corrected the villagers’ misconception by calling his job 'hunting crocodiles' rather than 'fishing for crocodiles,' which subtly reflects a quiet pride in his work, which is done purely for the good of others. He does what is needed, helping those in need without concern for the risks or personal benefit: 'I am not interested in wealth.'

He is also a man of great ingenuity. The way he catches crocodiles, as told by Tư Hoạch, is truly remarkable: 'He sets fire to the reeds, and the crocodiles, overwhelmed by smoke and heat, crawl towards the cleared path. He then forces a piece of wood into their mouth, and they bite down, unable to open their jaws. He takes a spear and carefully slices the back of the crocodile to paralyze its tail. With its tail disabled, he ties its rear legs and leaves the front ones free to allow the crocodile to swim alongside him...' Some have remarked, 'Truly, he is a master of this land! Such cunning is truly extraordinary.'

Through Tư Hoạch's narration, it is clear that Năm Hên is a courageous man. One must be brave to remain calm in the face of such a dangerous creature like a crocodile without flinching. Thanks to his courage and composure, he managed to defeat a group of man-eating crocodiles. For forty years, crocodiles were captured and transported by his hand. These creatures, once terrifying, now seemed docile under his control. Through his bravery, Năm Hên became a hero in this wild land.

He is also a man with a sorrowful heart. Listen to him speak of his family: 'My parents gave birth to only two of us... He was taken by a crocodile at Ngã Ba Đình.' This was a great loss to him. For that reason, he vowed to avenge his brother. Twelve years passed, but the grief never faded. The appearance of crocodiles in the forest, now as numerous as ripe mù u fruits falling, stirred a deep, painful memory in him, as he sincerely expressed to the villagers. His sorrow was embedded in his song:

'Where are the souls?'

......

'We set up a ceremony to release them from their suffering...'

His song creates a mysterious and eerie atmosphere in the story. The writer describes his voice as 'mournful, pleading. It carries a tone of anger and sorrow.' The song is not only a lament for his unfortunate brother but also a call for the lost souls of those who died because of 'the hardship of clothing and rice.' In the midst of 'U Minh’s red, swampy land and the green tram forest,' many lives were sacrificed to 'tigers and crocodiles.'

In the final scene of the story, after capturing the crocodiles, the image of Năm Hên is haunting: 'His shirt torn at the shoulders, hair tangled, eyes bloodshot, with a bundle of incense burning brightly in his hand.' It almost seems as if he is possessed, singing a ceremonial chant to release the souls of the 'crocodile victims,' a 'prayer' for the restless spirits who perished in the struggle for survival, fighting for the land they inhabited.

Through 'Crocodile Hunting in the U Minh Forest,' we gain a deeper understanding of the natural beauty of the Southern land—a place once known as the 'golden forest and silver sea' with vast rice fields, the priceless treasure of Vietnam. We also come to appreciate the intelligence and character of its people and the immense contribution they made to expanding the country’s borders.

The South is not only depicted in the novel 'The Children of the Family' by Nguyễn Thi as part of the resistance against American imperialism but also reappears in Sơn Nam's short story 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Forest.' The writer Sơn Nam praises the beauty of the people of the Mekong Delta, who face the harsh realities of their environment. The more dangerous and wild nature is, the more remarkable the human resilience becomes. This is vividly reflected in the character of Mr. Năm Hên. 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Hạ' is a short story in the collection 'Fragrance of Cà Mau Forest' (published by Phù Sa, Saigon, 1962). The collection includes 18 stories that bring to life the landscape, culture, history, and personalities of the southernmost part of Vietnam. The author helps readers appreciate the beauty of places like Hòn Cổ Tron, the Gành Hào River, honey bee swarms, traditional theater performances in the forest, and boat races. Above all, the story highlights the humble, honest, courageous farmers who sweat and sacrifice to cultivate and protect the land for their families and the country. The story paints a striking image of the extremely dangerous natural environment of the U Minh Forest. The narrative reflects the difficult living conditions and the livelihood of people in the area. The perilous nature of this land is emphasized, particularly the presence of crocodiles, which have caused many fatalities. People venture into the forest to make a living, but it can also be their grave if they encounter these fearsome creatures. The crocodiles are large, powerful, and deadly, and the locals can do nothing but mourn the loss of their loved ones, unable to fight back. 'But there is a soft crying voice. It is from the elderly, remembering their ancestors, their lost friends, wondering if their loved ones have perished in the wild, far from home... Can the burning incense help relieve the souls of the departed?' In this land, the U Minh Forest is home to a variety of diverse animals and plants. Crocodiles prefer calm, secluded places, far from the turbulence of flowing waters. They settle in narrow parts of the U Minh River, areas that are also essential for the locals' livelihoods. Yet, the crocodiles make these once-pristine places their territory, posing a direct threat to the people who depend on the forest. They are infamous for living on the water, and the swamps where crocodiles thrive are known to be the most dangerous. The author vividly describes the large number of crocodiles, using the metaphor 'The crocodiles in the forest are as numerous as ripe mù u fruits falling from the trees!' This comparison is an accurate reflection of the overwhelming presence of crocodiles, with locals witnessing their black bodies forming dense, almost impenetrable masses as they gather near the water's edge. Their presence makes it impossible for the people of the region to live in peace, making them the greatest threat to the local population. Not only are the crocodiles numerous, but they are also clever. 'Some lay motionless like long wooden boats, others use their front legs to sweep the reeds, their snouts pointed upward like the muzzle of a cannon. Even when humans approach, they remain unfazed, basking in the sun or catching fish. But the oldest crocodile, the 'crocodile king,' who has fought with humans many times, watches suspiciously, then retreats.' The author skillfully captures the cunning behavior of the crocodiles, and through this portrayal, we understand that if these creatures are not dealt with, more locals will become their prey. Despite these challenges, the people still come to this land to settle, believing that the crocodile population has decreased somewhat. However, they remain a constant danger. 'Out of ten crocodiles, seven would likely die, and three might survive. Yet, there are still many of them.' Despite the threat, the people do not retreat and seek ways to defeat these terrifying creatures. 'Among the group, some brought weapons like spears, machetes, and traps, but they knew that these weapons would only be effective against tigers or wild boars. Crocodiles, however, live in the water and swamps. Trying to fight them from a boat is difficult, and walking through the swamp would sink them deep.' Amid these dire circumstances, a hero emerges: Mr. Năm Hên. He is brave and devises a strategy to confront the crocodile threat. His ingenuity and strength eventually lead to the demise of the crocodile horde, making the U Minh Forest safer for the locals. His wisdom and endurance embody the spirit of the resilient people of the Mekong Delta. The crocodile hunting scene is both perilous and captivating, as Mr. Năm Hên’s clever tactics and resourcefulness take center stage. At first, no one believed he could defeat the crocodiles, but the reality proved otherwise. 'At the crocodile pond, Mr. Năm Hên circled around to assess the terrain, then sat down to drink some wine. Afterward, he and I began to dig a narrow trench, which gradually became shallow, leading from the pond to the forest about ten meters away.' 'Once done, he asked me to gather some vines. As for him, he prepared a pile of fresh twigs, cutting them into three-inch pieces. He set fire to the reeds and vines around the pond. After a while, the smoke irritated our eyes and the water boiled, causing the crocodiles to climb up into the forest using the trench we'd dug earlier. As the crocodiles emerged, one lunged at Mr. Năm Hên, mouth wide open, but he quickly stuffed a twig into its mouth, preventing it from closing. The crocodile was stuck, unable to bite, while its tail thrashed violently. Mr. Năm Hên then took a spear and gently stabbed it in the tail, paralyzing it. He then used vines to bind its back legs, leaving its front legs free to swim with us.' This scene highlights Mr. Năm Hên’s incredible strength and intellect. The crocodile hunt ends successfully with a scene of 'A whole line of crocodiles, one after another, attached to each other, black like dead branches. Each crocodile’s back legs are bound, while its front legs paddle slowly, helping to push the odd raft along with Tư Hoạch.' Mr. Năm Hên returns to the village amidst the joyous celebrations of the locals, who thank him for his bravery. Before he leaves, he lights an incense stick to honor the souls of the fallen. This action reflects his deep sense of respect and camaraderie with those who have passed. Through this story, we develop a greater appreciation for the people of the Mekong Delta, who, despite the dangers posed by the wild U Minh Forest, persist and triumph over nature. Mr. Năm Hên represents the spirit and resilience of the Southern people, embodying their strength and unyielding will to overcome adversity.

Sơn Nam is a renowned Southern Vietnamese writer known for his distinctive artistic style, simple yet vibrant, and sincere storytelling. Reading his works, it's as if you're sitting next to an elderly farmer from the countryside, telling tales over a cup of honey. One critic remarked that reading his story 'The Fragrant Forest of Cà Mau' feels like visiting the 'vast, fascinating land of the southern tip of Vietnam.'

It's as though you're immersed in the wild beauty of nature. The vast cajeput forests, buzzing with honeybees, crocodiles, snakes, turtles, and a variety of exotic birds. The intricate network of canals, abundant with silver water and fertile soil, is teeming with fish and shrimp. This is a land rich in both resources and courageous people, who value honor over wealth and possess a bold, straightforward nature... truly endearing.

Through his writing, Sơn Nam creates a world brimming with fascinating tales and vivid Southern colors that captivate us. His pages resonate with a deep love for the nation, as well as a profound affection for nature and the people of the Southern wilderness of Vietnam, a beautiful and thriving homeland.

'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Hạ' is one of 18 stories from the book 'The Fragrant Forest of Cà Mau,' published in 1967. In this story, the author recounts how Mr. Năm Hên hunts crocodiles along the Cái Tàu River in the Khánh Lâm village area, highlighting qualities like honesty, bravery, heroism, and a strong sense of duty among the Southern farmers...

In the beginning of the story, Sơn Nam describes crocodiles, which are said to be the 'most ferocious' creatures in the region’s rivers. They prefer the quiet, narrow waters of the river’s source rather than the deep rivers or turbulent waters. Crocodiles often swim upstream to the Cái Tàu River, into the dense cajeput forests of U Minh Hạ. While they do enjoy eating humans, their main diet consists of fish and shrimp. During the dry season when the forest is arid, they seek out the ponds and marshes to establish their 'bases,' where they breed and multiply.

The story becomes even more thrilling when a person reports back from the forest after collecting honey, exclaiming: 'Crocodiles are everywhere in the middle of the forest, like ripe mù u fruit falling from the trees!' The wild, eerie atmosphere of the cajeput forest and the Cái Tàu River, along with the spine-chilling nature of the story, are conveyed through this announcement, filled with awe and fear because of the crocodiles' terrifying reputation for 'eating humans!'

Sơn Nam paints a vivid picture of the crocodiles with rich details and colorful imagery. In a large pond surrounded by reeds and thorny bushes, a group of crocodiles emerges, leaving 'black streaks' on the 'green canvas' of the cajeput forest. The crocodiles are described with comparisons that evoke a sense of fear, as if facing wild, vicious animals that prey on humans. Some crocodiles lie motionless, 'as long as a canoe,' while others are more alert, 'using their front legs to part the reeds, with their snouts pointing upward like cannon barrels.' The older crocodiles, especially the ones with red markings, are highly intelligent and have fought many times against humans, luring them into their deep-water lairs.

In this depiction, Sơn Nam uses a bold contrast of black against the green of the forest, with three distinct crocodile poses: lying, crawling, and glaring. Each comparison is unique, imaginative, and rich in detail, capturing the wild, eerie, and fascinating nature of the environment. Sơn Nam expands our understanding of this mysterious land, revealing the secrets it holds.

Mr. Năm Hên is the central character of 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Hạ.' He is introduced unexpectedly as a person of 'remarkable skill.' A seasoned crocodile hunter from Kiên Giang, Mr. Năm Hên arrives in the Khánh Lâm area in a small boat, with only a bundle of incense and a jar of alcohol. His entrance is marked by a haunting song that sounds almost like a prayer for the dead.

His voice echoes across the river, rowing back and forth from dawn till dusk: 'Where is the spirit? - Spirit, oh spirit? - Far from the trees, far from the branches - At the end of the shore, where the tiger drags the crocodile...' This song adds to the mysterious and ominous quality of Mr. Năm Hên’s character.

As Mr. Năm Hên arrives, the people of Khánh Lâm wait eagerly for his presence. With no weapons or tools, a conversation introduces him as a crocodile hunter who works with 'bare hands' and only 'hunts crocodiles on dry land.' Though the people of Khánh Lâm are 'half-believing, half-doubting,' they all admire him as a man who 'hunts crocodiles with bare hands,' which is truly remarkable and rare.

Mr. Năm Hên is not a boastful person but someone who hunts crocodiles out of duty, never 'lying to cheat anyone' or 'asking for money or food' from the village. He embodies the image of a person who values honor over wealth, living among the Southern farmers, both past and present. He says, 'Crocodile hunting won't make you rich, but I don't care for that kind of wealth.' His words and actions echo those of Mr. Ngư from the 19th-century tale 'Lục Vân Tiên' by Đồ Chiểu:

Ngư says: 'My heart has no dreams / Devoting myself to righteousness, I do not expect gratitude.' / 'Clear water cleanses the heart / What use is fame and fortune to me?'

As the story unfolds, we learn more about Mr. Năm Hên. He harbors a deep pain and hatred for the crocodiles. Twelve years ago, his older brother was killed by a crocodile while clearing land in Gò Quao. Mr. Năm Hên hunts crocodiles to fulfill a vow to his brother’s spirit, saying: 'I swear to avenge my brother.'

Whenever there’s a crocodile, he is ready to go. He 'dreads' hearing names of places like Đấu Sấu, Lưng Sấu, Bàu Sấu... which were known as 'dangerous areas' in the past, where crocodiles roamed freely. These are the treacherous lands that many fear just by hearing their names.

Mr. Năm Hên hunts crocodiles alone at Cái Tàu, with Tư Hoạch as his guide. After noon, they notice smoke rising from the crocodile’s pond in U Minh Hạ, initially thinking it’s a forest fire, but the smoke dissipates later. By late afternoon, Tư Hoạch returns with 45 crocodiles 'still alive,' and the people of Khánh Lâm are amazed. Some 'gasp in disbelief' and run to their homes in fear, while others 'chant quietly' or row out to ask Tư Hoạch for details.

The author skillfully builds suspense, revealing the crocodile hunt through the villagers' reactions and Tư Hoạch’s story. When they arrive at the pond, Mr. Năm Hên calmly surveys the area and begins drinking wine. He simply asks Tư Hoạch to pull up some vines to tie the crocodiles. From then on, Mr. Năm Hên takes care of everything—digging the channels, cutting the logs into pieces, setting fire to the reeds to drive the crocodiles into a trap, and tying them up—he does it all by himself. Every single one of the 45 crocodiles is caught without missing a single one! As he says, 'I’m just good at a few tricks...'

The people of Khánh Lâm marvel at his brilliance: 'This is truly the genius of this land! Such a clever plan!' They all want to 'reward him with some money, to support him in his old age.' Mr. Năm Hên not only uses clever tactics to lure the crocodiles into a trap, but he also displays immense courage when dealing with the aggressive reptiles, calmly inserting pieces of logs into their mouths.

The author beautifully concludes with Mr. Năm Hên 'honoring the land and the spirits,' before leaving on foot. The second time, his haunting song echoes once again:

Where is the spirit?

Spirit, oh spirit!...

Along with his eerie song, Mr. Năm Hên is depicted as 'wearing a torn shirt, disheveled hair, red eyes, holding incense and waving it around.' This creates a sacred, rustic, mysterious, and ancient atmosphere. Readers can almost feel the spirits of the 'swallowed souls' following his boat, witnessing the crocodiles being caught and mourning for their loss. It seems as if countless spirits hover over the river, chasing after Mr. Năm Hên’s small boat.

'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Hạ' has a unique flavor, difficult to confuse with any other. The vivid details of the wild atmosphere, the rich Southern dialect, and the suspenseful storytelling make it a compelling read. Without the haunting song, the story would lose much of its sacred, ancient, and mysterious quality. Mr. Năm Hên, the brave, clever, and honorable crocodile hunter, leaves a lasting impression. He represents the Southern farmer who conquers nature for the sake of humanity and his homeland. 'Crocodile Hunting in U Minh Hạ' is a brilliant adventure story, filled with excitement and mystery.