1. Sample Essay No. 4
The peaceful and stable life we now experience seems so familiar to us today. Yet, the freedom we enjoy today comes at the cost of countless sacrifices made by previous generations. They left behind dreams and ambitions, picking up rifles to fight for their country's independence. In the short story 'Giang' by Bao Ninh, we dive deeper into the lives of people during wartime and the challenges they faced.
The story addresses a familiar theme: war. With his skillful pen, Bao Ninh portrays the lives of ordinary people fighting for the nation's freedom. 'Giang' not only highlights the beautiful moments shared between soldiers and civilians but also evokes the immense pain and loss brought on by war.
The narrative illustrates the strong bond between soldiers and civilians. This connection is displayed through the accidental meeting between the protagonist and a young girl named Giang. Her thoughtful, caring nature astonishes the soldier, bringing him both joy and admiration. As their relationship deepens, they grow closer. Giang's father, a stern lieutenant, initially intimidates the protagonist, but once introduced by his daughter, he becomes warm and friendly. He even offers his bicycle for the soldier to use, so he can return to his unit on time. Later, when they meet again on the battlefield, the lieutenant joyfully talks about his daughter and promises to give the soldier a photo that she had sent him.
Despite not focusing heavily on the brutality of the battlefield, the story still conveys the sorrow and loss caused by the ravages of war. This is exemplified by Giang’s family, who have suffered deeply: 'her mother died last year, and her brother left for Bê last month.' Giang’s father had to borrow a small house to spend the New Year's Eve with her. By the end of the story, even the respected lieutenant has perished in battle, leaving behind his daughter and the soldier, with a promise of a 'later' that could never be fulfilled. War separates people, and not only does the protagonist lose the chance to meet the lieutenant again, but he also loses the opportunity to see Giang, the girl who once brought him warmth. This loss becomes a lingering sadness that remains in the soldier’s heart, representing the universal hardship that those living through war must face.
To capture such profound themes, Bao Ninh’s narrative technique is noteworthy. The first-person point of view, focusing on the young soldier, and the unique plot twists add depth to the story, making it feel personal and convincing. We experience the events firsthand, sharing in the joy and sorrow of the characters, which deepens our appreciation for the sacrifices made by those who came before us. These ordinary heroes gave up their personal happiness to secure a peaceful life for our nation. The characters are portrayed with remarkable authenticity, each with their own unique traits that leave a lasting impression. The soldier, full of youthful vigor, the stern yet approachable lieutenant, and the kind, graceful Giang, all create a vivid picture of life during wartime.
Through his skillful storytelling, Bao Ninh has crafted a work that is both content-rich and artistically sophisticated. 'Giang' faithfully depicts the lives of those living through war, with a profound bond between soldiers and civilians. The pain of loss is conveyed gently, deepening the reader's emotional connection to the characters and their experiences. As a result, we develop an even greater appreciation for the previous generations. Their deep patriotism and the passionate determination of youth drove them to take up arms to protect the nation. It is because of their sacrifices that we can enjoy the peaceful life we have today. The narrative technique adds authenticity and emotional depth, setting 'Giang' apart from other works on similar themes.
War leaves behind a trail of loss and suffering. Reflecting on this, we learn to value the peace and independence we now enjoy. However, despite being in the 21st century, global political tensions remain high. The war between Russia and Ukraine serves as a current example, bringing immense loss and disruption to economies and politics worldwide. Therefore, we must all strive to protect society. Let us call on everyone to oppose war and work to maintain progress, peace, and a nurturing environment for future generations.

2. Reference Essay 5
Bao Ninh once shared his view on his literary career: 'War and literature go hand in hand. Throughout history, literary works have emerged from the chaos of war. Vietnam's war against America is no different. Like many of my contemporaries, most of the writers and poets of my generation have experienced the battlefield. If I had not directly participated in the war, I might have pursued another career.'
It seems that Bao Ninh's literary path was not a mere accident, but a destiny intertwined with his deep love for his country. Just like Homer, who wrote the epics Iliad and Odyssey inspired by the Trojan war, or Pushkin, who wrote Winter Road from the desolate winter roads of Russia, the realities of war often spark the birth of literature.
For Bao Ninh, reality was the source of his literary voice. As a true soldier, he absorbed the smallest details of the war years, and these intricate memories took root in his mind, shaping his future stories. Even now, when reflecting on those years, Bao Ninh smiles, recalling the times that left a lasting mark on his heart.
Pham Nhat Giang was a crucial piece of Bao Ninh's memories from his youth at seventeen. The affection he felt for her was so profound that he used her name as his pen name. This must have been a deeply emotional experience for him, as she undoubtedly held a special place in the rhythm of his life.
In a brief encounter by the village well, a simple gesture of kindness from this girl left an everlasting impression on Bao Ninh. It was a fleeting moment, yet it connected the hearts of two strangers, even if only for a short while. In his later writings, Bao Ninh revealed that love can exist in the past, present, or future, but what matters most is how long it resides in our hearts.
Reading his short story 'Giang' transports one back to the springtime of youth, viewing the world through naive and youthful eyes, enveloped in the tender shyness of young love. A young soldier, initially bewildered by a series of unexpected events, later reflects on this moment and wishes he could say more, but time has passed, and now, only memories and old feelings remain.
At seventeen, Bao Ninh, having just been accepted into a new unit at Bãi Nai, was granted two days off for excelling in marksmanship. Eager to return to his unit, he rushed to the bus station at noon. Little did he know, this eagerness would lead to a fateful meeting with Giang, a gentle and pleasant girl. This encounter would stir deep emotions within him, from a series of conflicting feelings to one of the most beautiful memories of youthful innocence.
At around six in the evening, he arrived in Lương Sơn, exhausted, hungry, and covered in mud. Seeking to wash away the grime, he walked toward the village well. Through the misty rain and the fading light, he saw a figure carrying water. As he drew closer, he recognized her as a girl, and on her water bucket, he saw the name 'Pham Nhat Giang' written in purple ink. The beauty of her name struck him.
At that moment, a sense of nostalgia stirred in him. What young man wouldn't feel a flutter in his heart at the sight of a girl his age? She seemed indifferent to him, continuing her work without a glance, until his voice called out, 'Giang, may I borrow your bucket?' Something in his voice must have been sweet, as Giang immediately took an interest in him from that first exchange.
Giang helped him rinse off the mud, not just pouring water but gently scrubbing with one hand while holding the bucket with the other. Both stood in silence, only the sound of the bucket scraping the well and water splashing filled the air. This awkwardness, in turn, brought the two hearts closer, opening a space for mutual affection that would last a lifetime, though brief.
As they spoke more, Giang was surprised that he knew her name. Their conversation soon became more relaxed. Giang invited him to her home for a drink, and after a moment of hesitation, he agreed. Though he offered to carry her water, she declined. Walking behind her, he felt little more than a sense of calm as they reached her home.
At Giang’s modest house, there was little more than a single bed and a dim lamp. He took out a packet of biscuits and poured tea into a bowl. Giang offered him a meal, but he declined, though he couldn't refuse her kindness for long.
As the night wore on, Bao Ninh found himself lying on her bed, his mind full of questions. What was going on? Why had this strange girl invited him to her home? And why was she treating him like family?
Suddenly, a tall figure entered the room, causing him to startle. It was her father, a man in military uniform. He questioned Bao Ninh, but Giang quickly intervened, introducing him as a friend from her school, a fellow soldier. Bao Ninh was relieved but still perplexed by the situation.
Her father asked a few more questions, but Giang, in her playful manner, persuaded him to let Bao Ninh stay a little longer, offering him her bike to take him back to his unit. Though hesitant, Bao Ninh stayed, moved by Giang’s sincerity.
That night, Bao Ninh cycled alongside Giang on her bike, through the winding roads of Bãi Nai. As they rode, he couldn't help but feel nervous, as this was his first time taking a girl on a bike ride. Throughout the journey, Giang did most of the talking, sharing her experiences as a student. Bao Ninh, however, was lost in her voice, and even when she invited him to visit her unit for the Tet holiday, he could only sigh in response, lost in thought.
As they parted ways, Bao Ninh watched her bike disappear into the night. He regretted his silence and wondered whether he had missed the chance to connect with a kind, gentle girl.
Years later, after the war ended, Bao Ninh wrote about Giang in his story. He realized that back then, she might have been moved by him, but he had been too naive to understand. At that time, his feelings were more about the surprise and confusion of receiving attention from a stranger.
Two days later, during Tet, Bao Ninh ran into Giang’s father, who turned out to be the chief of staff for the campaign. He was overjoyed to see Bao Ninh again and told him how much Giang had mentioned him. Bao Ninh was touched, but it was too late. Giang’s father spoke of a photograph she had wanted to give him but had forgotten to bring. He promised to deliver it later, but that 'later' never came, as he was killed in battle. The brutality of war had claimed another life, and with it, a bond that could never be rekindled.
After that, Bao Ninh never saw Giang again. The brief encounter with her remained a bittersweet memory, never to be forgotten. 'War, soldiering, youth—everything passes by quickly, but it never truly fades. It may seem fleeting, but it leaves a lasting impression, a pain that lingers silently.'
In his writing, Bao Ninh captured the harsh reality of war and its devastating impact on the Vietnamese people. But ultimately, it is the pain of loss that endures. And perhaps, even now, Giang still remembers the young soldier she met, just as he will never forget the girl who washed the mud off his feet by the well in Lương Sơn. All of it was a chance encounter, seemingly insignificant, yet it was etched into their hearts forever.
Using the first-person narrative to recount life’s experiences is one of the most distinctive features of Bao Ninh's short story style. His works are deeply genuine, filled with love, life, and stories that only true artists can express. The raw emotions from the battlefield are delicately crafted into meaningful tales.
He has said that the profession of writing is one that requires deep reflection, that writers must be capable of understanding the complexities of life and offering their readers insight into the ever-changing human condition. Bao Ninh's writing flows from the blood of war, from the brutal realities of life, to produce works that resonate with emotion and connect kindred souls.

3. Reference Article No. 6
The life of people during wartime is an incredibly fascinating subject, explored by many writers and poets. Through the pages of books, they have vividly depicted the pain and loss brought about by war. The short story "Giang" by Bao Ninh is one such work. With a calm and gentle tone, the author presents the simple everyday life of soldiers and the deep bond between the military and the people. The character who most clearly reflects the theme of the story is Giang—a young, carefree, and thoughtful girl.
Initially, it’s clear that Pham Nhat Giang lived under difficult circumstances. Her family was originally from Kham Thien, but they had to move to a modest place with "thatched roof and earthen walls", "with no furniture at all". According to the narrator, Giang’s mother had passed away, her older brother had been sent to the battlefield in the South, and her father, a lieutenant colonel, was always busy. He had arranged for a small house from a friend in town for Giang to join him for the New Year. However, due to the tense situation of the war, there were frequent late-night meetings, leaving her father little time to spend with her. Having recently arrived from Hanoi and being alone in this "quiet, isolated town", Giang was surely very happy to unexpectedly find a new friend. Despite the loneliness and boredom of her situation, Giang’s inner beauty and youthful enthusiasm shone through. She was kind, attentive, and considerate, as shown in her spontaneous meeting with the soldier. Seeing the young man covered in mud, she offered to fetch water to help him wash. But she didn’t stop there; she gently cleaned his feet and sandals with great care. This simple yet unexpected act left the soldier standing still, moved by her sincere kindness.
Giang was also very carefree and hospitable. She invited the soldier to rest and have a drink at her home, even preparing a meal for him. Perhaps it was because she saw him as a soldier, like her father, protecting the country, which made her feel a deep sympathy for him. When her father asked, she quickly made up a story about "Hùng", a long-lost friend from school, to prevent her father from questioning the soldier. She even playfully asked her father to excuse the soldier from roll call so they could chat a little longer, borrowing her father’s bicycle to take him back to his unit in time. She even invited him to join her family for the New Year. While these actions might have seemed a bit excessive and made the soldier nervous, they were actually expressions of Giang’s innocence and youthfulness. Her carefree nature allowed the two to become closer and more comfortable with one another. Moreover, beneath this innocent exterior, Giang harbored many unspoken emotions. As she escorted the soldier back to his unit, she shared many personal stories and her feelings of loneliness. Being stuck in such a dull town with no one to talk to, she must have been so happy to meet him. And in the end, no one could understand the deep sigh Giang let out as they parted ways. It was even harder to decipher since it was the first and last time the narrator ever met Giang. Furthermore, Giang demonstrated a deep sense of loyalty, as shown by her conversation with the staff officer: "Giang kept mentioning you", "She was sad because she didn’t get to see you before we left", "She sent me a photo of herself...". Her longing and affection for the soldier were clear. Yet, this moment was also one that left readers with a sense of longing, as it seemed that a reunion between the two would never come to pass.
Through the character Giang, we also see the masterful writing skills of the author. Bao Ninh has depicted the young girl Pham Nhat Giang in such a vivid and realistic way. Her character is fully expressed through her warm actions, thoughtful gestures, and innocent words. The author’s perspective as a soldier allowed him to craft a portrait of a kind, carefree girl. This gives readers a holistic view of Giang’s character. The short story "Giang" adds a new layer to Vietnamese literature with its portrayal of a young girl full of joy, love, and optimism amidst the brutal backdrop of war. War leaves behind immense sorrow and destruction, and we are left with no further information about Giang’s life after the death of the lieutenant colonel. All that remains in the minds of readers and the narrator is the image of the innocent, joyful, and optimistic Giang, defying the harsh circumstances. This reflects the countless sacrifices people make for the freedom of the nation. We must learn to appreciate and cherish the peace we enjoy today and contribute to the development of a stronger, more prosperous society.
With its gentle storyline and lack of dramatic twists, Bao Ninh’s short story "Giang" has still captured the hearts of readers. The image of the lively, enthusiastic, and kind-hearted girl from Hanoi, Nhat Giang, is lovingly and respectfully portrayed through Bao Ninh’s pen. This character is undoubtedly the soul of the story.

4. Reference Essay No. 7
Bảo Ninh, born in 1952 as Hoàng Ấu Phương, is recognized as a writer with a composed and lyrical style that captivates readers. His short story collection, 'Bảo Ninh – Selected Short Stories', demonstrates this unique style. By analyzing the character Giang in the story of the same name, we can clearly see the distinctive aspects of the author’s character-building artistry. Giang is a kind-hearted, warm, and sincere girl who leaves a lasting impression on readers with her beautiful qualities.
The story tells of a surprising yet deeply emotional meeting between Giang, her father, and the narrator (a soldier). Behind this encounter lies a profound sense of love and humanity, reflecting the long and arduous yet glorious resistance days of the nation. As we enter the alley, Giang's modest, worn-down house comes into view, with a 'phoenix' car parked outside, revealing the family’s humble background. Giang’s family had faced significant hardships: her mother passed away early, both men went to war, and only Giang carried the burden of supporting her family. Despite this poverty and hardship, Giang warmly and attentively prepares a meal for the narrator with genuine affection. This gesture further highlights Giang’s warm-hearted and hospitable nature. Giang is introduced through her meetings and conversations with the narrator. The narrator’s first impression of her is one of kindness, warmth, and sincerity. Even though they are strangers, when Giang sees him washing his feet by the well, she offers water without hesitation. She even gently says, 'I won’t pour it for you to wash yourself, but I’ll crouch down, gently pour water with one hand, and wash your feet, toes, and calves with the other,' an action that feels natural and caring, like a family member’s concern, leaving the narrator both surprised and deeply moved. The admiration for Giang grows stronger during their second encounter at her house. At dinner, she cleverly lies to her father, calling the narrator an old friend to save him from embarrassment, and offers her father’s bike to take him back to his unit. She also invites him to come visit during the New Year. Despite the unexpected nature of their encounter, Giang has not forgotten him, as revealed when she continues to mention the narrator in conversations with the revolutionary officers and sends him photos. Giang is the heart and soul of this story, leaving a lasting impression with her eloquence, warmth, lively attitude, and, most importantly, her compassionate, warm, and sincere heart. The author does not rely on any archetypes for Giang; instead, she is portrayed as an ordinary girl in wartime. Giang is depicted as innocent, carefree, intelligent, witty, and full of affection for others. The character is vividly brought to life through her actions, speech, and gestures. Notably, the author does not evaluate Giang directly nor allow her to narrate her own story. The character is seen through the eyes of the soldier, the narrator. Through their interaction, readers can see Giang’s character in a genuine, colorful, and convincing light.
Through Giang, the author conveys a belief in the beauty of ordinary people during wartime. Whether in any village or region, one can meet women like Giang: welcoming, respectful, and admiring of the soldiers, wholeheartedly supporting the revolution and the ideals of the Hồ Chí Minh army. The unexpected encounter between Giang and the soldier also reflects the author’s humane and warm perspective on the war, illustrating faith in the goodness of people even in the face of the hardships and separations caused by war.

5. Reference Essay No. 8
Bảo Ninh is a writer who emerged subtly, without any fanfare, yet steadily won the hearts of readers. Drawing from rich, valuable memories of war, he has created works with profound humanistic values. One of his successful short stories, both in content and artistry, is 'Giang' – a story about a fleeting yet meaningful encounter during wartime.
'Giang' is a short story written by Bảo Ninh in the first-person narrative. It tells an emotional love story between two young individuals during the war. This work is considered significant in literature, carrying deep messages about life, war, and love. With a simple plot that doesn’t rely on many thrilling twists, 'Giang' still captivates readers. The character of the lively, passionate, and warm-hearted Giang from Hanoi is portrayed with great affection and respect by Bảo Ninh. Giang is the soul of the story. Set during the fierce years of the American resistance war, many families were torn apart and separated from their homes. Giang’s family was no exception. Her mother passed away, her father was a high-ranking soldier, and her brother also went to the army. Giang lived alone. As Tết (Lunar New Year) approached, her father brought her closer to his military unit, renting a small house for her to live in while they occasionally met. Giang yearned for companionship and longed for a friend with whom she could share her thoughts. One day, a remarkable meeting occurred. A nameless soldier, returning from a short leave, happened to meet Giang by the well. He noticed her name on the coat she wore and asked if he could borrow the bucket to wash the mud off his feet. Without hesitation, Giang enthusiastically fetched the water and even bent down to wash his feet herself. This simple, spontaneous action from a city girl was deeply heartfelt and moved the soldier. 'I stood still, in awe, feeling the warmth of this innocent and unexpected kindness,' he thought. Having been alone for so long, Giang was eager for conversation. With her lively nature, she invited the soldier to her humble home. The modest house in the alley, as simple as the girl herself, gave the soldier a warm and familiar feeling. Despite their first meeting, Giang spoke to him as if they were old friends and warmly invited him to stay for dinner. 'Oh, I forgot! We have food, let me serve you,' she said. When her father returned and was surprised to see the soldier, Giang quickly lied, 'Dad, this is Hùng, a classmate from the 10th grade. He’s stationed nearby, and we ran into each other.' Her innocent and sweet lie helped the soldier feel at ease. Readers don’t judge her fib but instead appreciate Giang’s warmth and kindness. After their chance encounter, Giang continued to remember the soldier. She told her father, 'Giang keeps mentioning him, Hùng. She’s upset she didn’t see him before we left.' She even took a photo for him but never sent it. The friendship, camaraderie, and love between the two young people grew in this unique circumstance. Although Giang’s appearance is never described, and no direct commentary is made about her, readers can imagine her as a lively, innocent girl from Hanoi, eager to be loved, with a warm and loving heart.
The character of Giang is portrayed through the first-person narrator. Like a true story, the narrative is vividly detailed. The author seems to live alongside the character, with Giang existing fully within the pages. Through Giang, readers come to believe in the sincere warmth of human connection, even in the chaos and brutality of war.

6. Reference Essay No. 9
In modern Vietnamese literature, Bảo Ninh stands out with works that deeply express the pain and brutality of war. His text 'Giang' continues to explore this theme with a delicate and emotional writing style, not only reflecting the devastation of war but also conveying profound messages about peace and the value of life.
At the start of the text, Bảo Ninh sets a scene of desolation, where the 'old river' is now nothing more than 'shallow water.' This image reflects not only physical destruction but also symbolizes the loss and meaninglessness of war. The river, once a symbol of life and continuity, is now dried up, representing the devastation that war brings. Through detailed depictions of changes in the environment, the author skillfully evokes memories of a bygone era, highlighting the contrast between a once-beautiful past and the dark present.
The protagonist of 'Giang' is a soldier returning from the battlefield. Bảo Ninh portrays the character’s emotions with sincerity and depth. The haunting memories of war and the sense of alienation in peaceful surroundings come across clearly in the author’s words. The character feels loneliness and a disconnect from the world around them, a sense of not being able to reintegrate into ordinary life after such painful experiences. The inner conflict between wartime memories and the peaceful present creates a strong internal struggle, emphasizing the mental pain left by the war.
'Giang' is not just a description of the consequences of war, but also contains a profound message about peace and the necessity of preserving life. Bảo Ninh urges readers to reflect on the value of peace and the wounds war causes. The work reminds us of what has been lost and what we must cherish. Through the imagery of the dry river and the character's emotions, the author sends a clear message about the destruction of war and the need to build a peaceful world.
Bảo Ninh uses simple yet emotional language, creating a vivid and realistic picture of war's devastation. The images and expressions are crafted with finesse, from the smallest details to the broader scene. His writing style not only highlights the character's emotions but also allows readers to feel the profound impacts of war. The author skillfully employs literary devices such as similes and metaphors to amplify his message.
'Giang' by Bảo Ninh is a remarkable literary work with realistic depictions and deep emotions about the aftermath of war. Through the ruined setting, the character’s emotional state, and the message of peace, Bảo Ninh paints a clear picture of the pain and loss war leaves behind. The work is not only a literary piece worth reading but also a valuable lesson about the importance of life and peace.

7. Guide to Writing an Analysis of 'Giang' by Bảo Ninh
To effectively and deeply analyze Bảo Ninh's 'Giang,' follow these steps to ensure you uncover the key elements and important messages of the work. Below is a detailed guide for analyzing this text:
1. Understand the Text's Content
- First, carefully read the text to understand its content, characters, situations, and key elements. Summarizing 'Giang' helps you gain an overview of the work.
- Summary: 'Giang' revolves around the image of a soldier returning from the battlefield, confronting the devastated landscape and feeling disconnected in peaceful life. The story highlights the character's painful memories and the transformation of the environment from a hopeful time to its current state of decay.
2. Analyze the Setting and Space
- Setting: The setting in 'Giang' is depicted in detail, with the image of the dry river. This not only reflects the change in the landscape but also symbolizes the destruction caused by war. The environment becomes proof of the devastation that war brings.
- Effect: The changes in the landscape emphasize the destruction and meaninglessness of war, while also evoking memories of a once-beautiful past. The setting is not just a backdrop, but a key part of expressing the character's emotional state.
3. Analyze the Character and Emotions
- Main Character: The protagonist is a soldier returning from war. Analyze the character’s emotions through war memories and the sense of alienation in peace.
- Emotions: The character feels loneliness and disconnection from the world around them. Painful memories and the inability to integrate into ordinary life create a strong internal conflict.
- Effect: The character's emotions help the reader understand the lasting psychological scars war leaves behind. Through this, the work reflects the long-term consequences of war on the human psyche.
4. Analyze the Message and Meaning
- Message: 'Giang' conveys a message about peace and the necessity of preserving life. The work encourages readers to reflect on the value of peace and the harm caused by war.
- Meaning: The work reminds us of what has been lost and what must be cherished. Through the imagery of the dry river and the character's emotions, Bảo Ninh sends a message about the destruction of war and the need to build a peaceful world.
5. Analyze the Artistry and Writing Style
- Language and Style: Bảo Ninh uses simple yet emotional language to create a vivid picture of the devastation caused by war. The images and expressions are carefully crafted, from the smallest details to the broader scenes.
- Literary Devices: The author uses devices such as comparisons and metaphors to emphasize his message. Bảo Ninh's writing style not only highlights the character's emotions but also allows the reader to deeply feel the impacts of war.
6. Conclusion
- Summary: Summarize the analysis of setting, character, message, and writing style to assert the significance and value of the text.
- Emphasize the Message: 'Giang' is not just a description of the consequences of war but also a valuable lesson about the value of life and peace.

8. Sample Essay 1
Throughout each person's life, there are moments that, though brief, linger in the heart, stirring emotions that last a lifetime. Life is a continuous chain of unexpected events, a never-ending stream where new experiences constantly emerge. Some memories, however, remain etched in the heart, unreachable and undisturbed. These memories are often accompanied by deep regret, quietly nestled within. Bảo Ninh, the writer, also carries a girl in his heart for decades—a girl whose memory still stirs his soul. To express this longing, he shared his emotions through the piece titled 'Giang.'
The story begins with a fleeting encounter between two young friends, one seventeen and the other fifteen. They met at a time when they were both innocent, pure, and untainted by the world. For the author, this moment marked the most beautiful time in his life, and it was this brief encounter that he would carry with him for the rest of his life. The girl who captured his heart was named Phạm Nhật Giang, a delicate and gentle soul. In that instant, the author knew that she was the one he wished to love and protect. However, life is rarely that simple, filled with obstacles and challenges. Their brief meeting connected two young souls, each still raw and unformed. After parting ways, they left no contact information, no parting words, knowing that it would be nearly impossible to meet again.
Bảo Ninh wrote this work with a heart that still beats wildly at the mention of the name of his 'muse.' To him, she was, and would forever be, the most beautiful, and no one could ever replace Phạm Nhật Giang at the age of fifteen. This memory represents a pure, untouchable part of his past, preserved forever in his heart. The emotions, born from this past, continue into the present and will endure in the future, forever held within a few fragile sheets of paper.
The author uses the first-person narrative effectively to tell the story of his own life, recounting a love that has no clear beginning or end. This narrative perspective compels readers to place themselves in the shoes of the character, feeling the emotions of the young soldier of that time. Moreover, it allows the author to condemn the atrocities of war, the irreversible consequences, and the irreplaceable losses. The unjust wars took away the most precious things in life—things that cannot be bought. His writing emerged from the bloodshed on the battlefield, the harshness of war, leading him to compose poignant poetry, deeply emotional works, and stories filled with meaning, all reflecting his personal voice. In conclusion, the use of the first-person narrative to tell his own experiences is a defining feature of Bảo Ninh's short story writing style.
Through 'Giang,' Bảo Ninh also wishes to impart a message of hope and optimism. Despite the hardships and pain life has presented, Giang continues to hope, believing that life will improve. This demonstrates that, no matter where life leads us, we must always hold on to hope and optimism to overcome every challenge. 'Giang' is a literary work full of profound messages about life, war, and love.

9. Reference Essay 2
Every person experiences moments in life that become the most beautiful memories—those filled with emotion and meaning. These moments might last just a few seconds, yet they are enough to imprint on the soul and define a life well-lived. Life is a journey of ups and downs, and we can never predict the events that lie ahead. What matters most is that we never forget the beautiful and significant memories of the past.
Bảo Ninh's 'Giang' is a deeply emotional literary work that explores themes of life, love, and war. Through the first-person narrative, the author opens his heart to recount a love from his past. The story begins with a serendipitous meeting between two young friends, a brief encounter that creates a lasting, meaningful memory in the author's heart.
The central character in the story is Phạm Nhật Giang, a petite girl with gentle and caring gestures. The author has spent his entire life longing for her, carrying that love and longing with him throughout his years. 'Giang' represents a beautiful, pure memory—an integral part of the author's life.
The author also condemns the horrors brought by war, the irreversible consequences that it leaves behind. The unjust wars have stolen life's most precious things—things that money cannot replace. Yet, despite the hardships and pain, the protagonist in 'Giang' remains hopeful and optimistic about the future.
'Giang' is more than just a love story; it is a tale of life, hope, and love. By using the first-person point of view, the author allows readers to connect with the protagonist's emotions and reminds us of the valuable things life offers.
However, 'Giang' also carries the pain and sorrow of war. Bảo Ninh does not shy away from portraying the disasters, suffering, and cruelty of war. The losses and consequences of war are addressed in a raw and poignant manner, invoking deep emotions.
Ultimately, 'Giang' is a reminder of love and hope. No matter how difficult or painful life may be, we must hold onto hope and believe that things will get better. Love is not only about sweet moments and happiness, but also about perseverance, sacrifice, and suffering.

10. Reference Essay 3
'Giang' is a short story by Bảo Ninh, told in the first person, which explores an emotional love story between two young people during wartime. The work is considered a significant piece of literature with profound messages about life, war, and love.
Bảo Ninh uses refined language to depict the painful experiences of the protagonist. He masterfully uses his words to illustrate the chaotic, brutal realities of war, alongside the deeply emotional memories and reflections of the main character. One of the notable features of the work is how the author integrates his own emotions and thoughts through the first-person narrative. This allows readers to genuinely feel the deep, honest emotions of the protagonist. The work also conveys a message of hope and optimism—despite the struggles and suffering, we must hold onto hope and optimism to overcome all challenges.
The story emphasizes the significance of love in life. Love in 'Giang' is not just a personal relationship between two people; it symbolizes hope and humanity's ideal vision of a better world. The love in 'Giang' is portrayed as pure, untouched by personal ambition, money, or power. It helps the protagonist overcome life's hardships and maintain hope and faith in the future.
In summary, Bảo Ninh's 'Giang' is a literary work full of emotion and meaning. The author succeeds in telling a beautiful yet tragic love story set against the painful backdrop of war. His delicate language and writing style effectively convey the genuine emotions of the character, offering readers a wonderful experience. The work also carries profound messages about love, hope, and life, leaving readers with deep reflections and a sense of emotional release.

