1. Describing the Fruit Tree - Longan


2. Description of the Fruit Tree - Coconut Tree
The coconut tree, with its tall, elegant trunk, sways in the tropical breeze as its leaves reach towards the sky. It's a familiar sight in many coastal regions, particularly in Vietnam, where it thrives in places like Binh Dinh and Ben Tre. Though the origin of the coconut is debated, it's clear that this tree flourishes in tropical climates, growing best in areas with high humidity (around 70-80%) and sandy soil.
Coconuts are categorized into varieties like the sweet, small 'xiêm' coconuts, the vibrant 'nếp' coconuts, and the striking 'lửa' coconuts with their red leaves and yellow fruits. The coconut tree’s trunk, slender yet tall, often reaches the height of multi-story buildings, with its fibrous roots anchoring deeply into the earth. These roots absorb nutrients, allowing the tree to thrive despite its tall, slender appearance. Each tree is crowned with large, sweeping leaves that provide shelter for its precious fruit, the coconut. The fruit, with its hard green shell, houses a refreshing liquid inside, offering a sweet, light taste that quenches the thirst in a way no other fruit can. The coconut tree serves multiple purposes beyond fruit production. Its leaves can be used for roofing, its trunk for construction, and even its hard outer shell can be repurposed for charcoal. Truly, the coconut is a versatile and vital part of the landscape.


3. Description of the Fruit Tree - Lychee Tree
Summer is a paradise for fruit lovers, with each fruit offering its own unique taste and fragrance. Among them, the lychee stands out as one of the most irresistible summer treats. The sweetness and aroma of the lychee are a result of careful cultivation and care by farmers. In Southeast Asia, the lychee tree is commonly found, and it is also grown in various other regions such as southern China, Japan, India, Florida, and Hawaii (USA). In Vietnam, the lychee is a beloved fruit, favored for its sweetness and suitability to the local palate. Typically, a lychee tree grows to a height of 5–10 meters, with some varieties reaching even higher. In certain regions, the trees are so well-maintained that one can easily harvest ripe lychees from the ground. The trees’ trunks are rough and brown, and their leaves resemble feathers arranged alternately. Before bearing fruit, the lychee tree produces small, white flowers with a fragrance similar to that of longan. Once the flowers fall, the fruit begins to grow in clusters, each fruit roughly the same size. When ripe, the lychee's skin turns a dark red, slightly bumpy, while the interior holds a juicy, sweet white flesh.
The growth of lychee trees is highly dependent on climate. The lychee thrives in hot, tropical climates with high humidity, and it cannot withstand temperatures lower than -4°C. The soil should be well-draining, slightly acidic, and rich in organic matter. Harvest times vary depending on the lychee variety, but most lychees ripen in the summer, with some varieties maturing later in cooler climates. In Vietnam, the regions of Thanh Ha, Hai Duong, and Luc Ngan in Bac Giang are known for producing the best and sweetest lychees. In addition to the sweet, small-seeded lychee, there are larger varieties that are slightly more sour, known as 'tu hu' lychees. The lychee harvest typically lasts for about two weeks, from the peak ripening season to the end of the harvest period.
Lychees are often enjoyed fresh as a dessert fruit, but they are also used to flavor cakes, candies, and beverages like lychee tea. However, the most popular way to enjoy them remains by simply eating them fresh.
To ensure healthy growth, farmers follow specific care routines. The soil types suitable for lychee cultivation include clay, alluvial, sandy loam, yellow, and red soils, but the common requirement is deep, well-draining soil. Before planting, farmers must apply decomposed manure, lime, and let the soil rest for 15-20 days to eliminate any pests. During the dry season, the trees need sufficient water, especially when the fruit is forming. Farmers also mulch around the base of the tree to prevent weeds. Annually, they weed twice during the spring and autumn seasons, and fertilization is done in four stages throughout the year.
In some years, a bumper lychee harvest can lead to a drop in price, creating financial instability for farmers. Let’s hope that each year brings a good harvest, allowing farmers to sell their lychees at favorable prices, ensuring their continued success in growing this delicious fruit.


4. A Description of the Fruit Tree - The Apple Tree
Among numerous cultivated plants that provide high economic value and hold significant importance in human life, the apple tree is widely recognized and cherished across the globe. With its remarkable biological traits and high nutritional value, the apple tree has become an essential part of agriculture and culture in many nations.
The apple tree (scientific name: Malus domestica), belonging to the Rosaceae family, originates from Central Asia, present-day Kazakhstan, and has been domesticated by humans for thousands of years. Nowadays, apple trees are grown extensively across continents due to their adaptability to various soil conditions and climates.
In terms of morphology, the apple tree can reach heights of 3-12 meters, depending on the variety and growing conditions. The trunk is straight, typically covered with gray-brown bark, and the branches are numerous. The apple tree's leaves are arranged alternately, oval or elliptical in shape, with serrated edges. The upper surface of the leaves is dark green and glossy, while the underside is lighter in color. Apple blossoms usually bloom in spring, with each flower consisting of five white to pink petals and emitting a mild fragrance, attracting bees and butterflies.
The apple fruit, the primary product of the tree, varies in shape, color, and size depending on the variety. Apples can be green, red, yellow, or a mix of these colors. The flesh of the fruit is crisp and sweet, rich in water, vitamin C, and several B vitamins. Apples also contain a large amount of dietary fiber, potassium, and other essential minerals, benefiting heart health and digestion.
In addition to its nutritional value, the apple tree holds immense economic significance. Apples are not only consumed fresh but also processed into various products such as apple juice, apple cider, dried apples, and even apple vinegar. These products are popular in both domestic markets and for export worldwide, significantly contributing to the food and beverage industry.
The cultural symbolism of the apple tree is rich and varied. In many cultures, the apple represents fertility, growth, and health. The famous story of Isaac Newton and the apple has made this fruit a symbol of knowledge and science.
In conclusion, the apple tree provides not only economic benefits through its fruit-based products but also contributes to human health with its numerous nutritional benefits. It is also an important cultural symbol in various traditions across the world. The cultivation and preservation of diverse apple varieties help safeguard valuable genetic resources and support sustainable global agricultural development.


5. A Description of the Fruit Tree - The Pomelo Tree
In the gentle breeze of the homeland, the lush green canopy of the pomelo tree forms a vivid picture of natural beauty and tranquility. The pomelo tree is not only a common fruit tree but also a symbol of wealth, prosperity, and good health in the minds of the Vietnamese people.
The towering figure of the pomelo tree often graces gardens, standing tall among the courtyard corners, and sometimes along the narrow country roads. Its straight trunk and majestic branches make it a sight to behold. The leaves are soft yet resilient, releasing a delicate fragrance whenever a gentle wind blows through. In the spring, the pomelo tree blooms with pure white flowers, creating a breathtaking scene that captures the attention of those nearby.
However, the true peak of the pomelo tree’s beauty is its fruit – the pomelo, a precious part of the tree, containing all the flavors and nutrients it offers. The fruit’s rind is dark green, bright yellow, or even fiery red, depending on the variety and ripeness. Inside, the white, juicy segments are sweet and refreshing, enchanting anyone who tastes them. Not only is the pomelo a delicious fruit, but it also holds many important nutrients that promote health and vitality.
Beyond its biological value, the pomelo tree carries deep cultural significance. In Vietnamese culture, the pomelo fruit often appears during festivals and the Lunar New Year, included in fruit offerings that symbolize good fortune, wealth, and prosperity. The pomelo tree is also planted in many temples and shrines, sacred spaces where people pray for peace and happiness.
With its profound cultural meaning and natural beauty, the pomelo tree is not only a part of the verdant landscape but also a symbol of tradition and national culture. It represents the harmonious relationship between humans and nature, serving as an endless source of inspiration for life and the human spirit.


6. A Description of the Fruit Tree - The Grape Vine
In the world of orchards and vineyards, the grape vine shines like a glittering star, not only for its delicate beauty but also for the immense economic value it brings. Let us explore the golden secrets of the grape vine – a symbol of vitality and prosperity.
The grape vine, scientifically known as Vitis vinifera, belongs to the grape family (Vitaceae) and is one of the most common crops grown worldwide. The vine’s trunk is typically slender and upright or climbs trellises. Its heart-shaped, glossy green leaves create a cool, pleasant atmosphere. The small grape flowers grow in dense clusters and emit a sweet fragrance, drawing the attention of both humans and insects.
The grape fruit is the main product of the vine, coming in various colors and flavors. Grapes are not only a delicious fruit but also a key ingredient in many food and beverage products. Wine, made from grapes, is one of the world’s most prized and popular drinks. In addition, grapes are used to make juices, jams, and delightful pastries.
In many cultures, the grape vine is considered a symbol of wealth, prosperity, and happiness. In art and folklore, it is often featured in creating unique and refined works of art. Furthermore, the grape vine plays a significant role in festivals and traditional ceremonies, representing humanity's gratitude and reverence for nature and culture.
In conclusion, the grape vine is not just a widely grown crop, but also a symbol of abundance and vitality. With its economic value and deep cultural significance, the grape vine continues to play a vital role in the growth of many nations’ economies and cultures around the world.


7. A Description of the Fruit Tree - The Lemon Tree
In the world of orchards and gardens, the lemon tree offers a range of values, not only as a food source but also as an inspiration and a symbol of health and vitality in both culture and medicine. Let us dive into the beauty and significance of the lemon tree – a true emblem of wellness and freshness.
The lemon tree, scientifically known as Citrus limon, is a woody plant belonging to the citrus family (Rutaceae). It features a small, woody trunk, with clustered, glossy green leaves that are oval or round in shape. The lemon flowers are usually grouped in small bunches, white in color, and emit a light, pleasant fragrance that attracts beneficial insects.
The lemon fruit is the main product of the tree, offering a tangy, sweet-sour flavor and a distinctive aroma. Lemons are rich in vitamin C and provide citric acid, antioxidants, and valuable minerals. Lemon juice is commonly used in cooking, as a refreshing drink, or in cocktail preparations. Additionally, lemon leaves and peel have long been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, from colds to sore throats and digestive issues.
The lemon tree is not only a nutritious crop but also a symbol of freshness and vitality. In folklore, the scent of lemons is often used for cleansing and creating a sense of rejuvenation. Furthermore, lemon trees frequently appear in ceremonies and festivals, representing renewal and good fortune.
In conclusion, the lemon tree is more than just a widely grown crop. It serves as a symbol of health and vibrancy. With its nutritional value and deep cultural importance, the lemon tree has contributed significantly to the development of both economies and cultures around the world.


8. A Description of the Fruit Tree - The Mango Tree
Vietnam boasts an array of fruit-bearing trees, each offering unique benefits to human life. Some trees provide valuable timber, while others contribute economically, and many serve medicinal purposes. Among these, the mango tree stands out as a valuable export crop.
The mango is a sweet fruit that belongs to the genus Mangifera. It is native to South and Southeast Asia but is now widely cultivated around the world due to its popularity. The mango tree thrives in tropical climates, with optimal growing temperatures between 24°C and 27°C, and can adapt to a variety of soil types.
This tree is a woody plant with a taproot system that can penetrate up to 2 meters deep into the soil. The height of the tree varies depending on the variety, but it typically grows to a height of 1.5 to 2.5 meters. The tree's height is directly proportional to the fertility of the soil, so trees planted in favorable climates with nutrient-rich soils tend to grow taller. The canopy is wide and dome-shaped, with variations in size depending on the mango variety. The mango tree's leaves are long, green, and arranged alternately along the branches. The underside of the leaves is lighter in color due to less exposure to sunlight, with prominent veins running through them. Mango flowers grow in clusters, with both male and female flowers present in each cluster. The flowers are typically white in color. The mango fruit, which is the tree's most valuable product, is a large, oval-shaped drupe. When unripe, the fruit is green, but as it ripens, it turns yellow. The flesh of the mango is thick and orange, offering a tangy-sweet flavor that is highly favored by many.
Although the mango tree is not typically grown for ornamental purposes, it is often planted in gardens and cafes for its shade and its ability to improve air quality. Dried parts of the tree, such as the branches and leaves, can be used as fuel. The mango fruit is versatile, perfect for desserts, fresh fruit consumption, and a key ingredient in many dishes, such as smoothies, ice cream, and candies. In Thailand, mango is famously used in a popular dish called sticky rice with mango. Unripe mangoes are also used in savory dishes like green mango salad and shrimp mango salad. In Vietnam, mangoes are an important export product, contributing significantly to the economy.
The mango tree is relatively easy to cultivate and care for, but to ensure optimal growth, farmers should manage pests and weeds around the base of the tree. Protecting young flowers and fruit is also important. Mango trees thrive in full sunlight, so they should not be planted too densely. Regular fertilization is essential for healthy growth.
The mango tree is a beloved fruit-bearing tree, intimately tied to childhood memories. For many Vietnamese people, the mango represents not just a delicious fruit but also a cherished companion. Understanding its significance makes us appreciate the many benefits the mango tree provides.


9. A Description of the Fruit Tree - The Banana Tree
When we think of Vietnam, we think of a land rich with diverse and unique fruit-bearing plants. The tropical monsoon climate creates ideal conditions for these plants to thrive. Among them, the banana tree stands out as one of the easiest to grow and the fastest to bear fruit.
Bananas in Vietnam are quite common and include varieties like the banana of the east, banana of the west, banana of the court, wild banana, and dwarf bananas, along with several types of wild bananas. A banana tree is a hardy plant that grows well in humid environments. Bananas grow naturally in clusters, but for the healthiest growth, farmers typically plant them in groups of one to four trees. If a cluster grows too large, individual banana trees are often separated for optimal growth.
The banana tree has a fibrous root system, which means its roots do not penetrate deep into the soil like those of other fruit-bearing trees with taproots. However, because the roots grow in clusters, the plant can still thrive by absorbing nutrients and minerals from the soil.
The banana stem is cylindrical and upright, but botanists refer to it as a pseudostem. This pseudostem's height varies by type, typically ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 meters. From each stem, a bunch of bananas will grow before being replaced by a new pseudostem. The surface of the stem is smooth and shiny, consisting of layers that overlap. The banana stem has many uses: it can be fed to livestock to provide water and fiber, and young banana stems are often sliced thinly to be used as a fresh vegetable in salads.
Banana leaves are large and broad with a vibrant green color. A single banana plant will have multiple leaves growing outward from the top. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green, as it receives most of the sunlight, while the underside is lighter and often coated with a white powdery substance due to less sunlight exposure. Banana leaves are incredibly useful in daily life. They are commonly used to wrap foods such as sticky rice and green rice flakes due to their cleanliness and eco-friendliness. Additionally, chewed banana leaves can help stop bleeding, and dried banana leaves are used to wrap foods like sticky rice cakes. The tough and fibrous leaf stems are also used for tying vegetables and even for fuel.
Another significant part of the banana plant is the banana flower, also known as the banana blossom. It is dark red and looks like a giant drop of water hanging upside down. The banana flowers found in the plains differ in color from those in the wild, with flowers in the plains typically appearing purple rather than bright red. The best banana flowers are those that are firm and heavy to the touch. The banana flower is often used in Vietnamese cuisine as a garnish in noodle soups, or in salads and pickles, all of which are popular and refreshing dishes loved by locals.
Bananas grow in bunches, which consist of several hands of bananas. The number of hands in a bunch can vary depending on the variety of banana. Some bunches may only have a few hands, while others can have up to a hundred or more. To ensure the bananas develop properly and uniformly, farmers typically limit each bunch to ten to twelve hands.
Bananas come in various shapes and flavors depending on the type. When unripe, the bananas are green, but as they ripen, they turn yellow and develop a crescent-like shape. Each hand typically has twelve to over twenty individual bananas. Wild bananas tend to have larger, tougher seeds compared to cultivated varieties. Bananas are not only a delicious fruit, but they also hold economic value. Large plantations grow bananas for export, while many families cultivate them for personal consumption, particularly during holidays and special occasions. Ripe bananas are sweet and fragrant and can be eaten fresh or used in summer dishes like banana ice cream or banana pudding. Green bananas are also used in savory dishes such as banana with snails, banana stew with beans, or sliced as a side dish with meats.
In Vietnamese culture, the banana tree is deeply connected to rural life. Banana trees are commonly seen in clusters across the countryside. This simple, modest plant symbolizes the resilience of life, as it continues to grow even in harsh environments. It holds economic and practical value, with numerous benefits for people. As such, it is important for us to cherish and appreciate this versatile plant.


10. Explanation of Fruit Tree - Guava Tree
Throughout the beautiful land of Vietnam, fragrant flowers and sweet fruits abound. Each region is home to different fruits, each with its own unique flavor. One of the most beloved fruits is guava, a tree that has long been a part of Vietnamese life, especially in the peaceful rural areas. The guava tree, a member of the Myrtaceae family, is an evergreen perennial plant native to Brazil and tropical regions of the Americas, later spreading to tropical Asia. While its exact arrival time in Vietnam is unclear, it is known that guava has been found growing wild in many mountainous areas or cultivated near homes for consumption.
There are numerous varieties of guava, including common types like white, green, pink, and even more distinct varieties such as the red guava, each with its own unique flavor and sweetness. Guavas are smaller than relatives like lychee or mango, with an average height of 6 to 7 meters, although the tallest can reach up to 10 meters. The tree’s trunk is typically about 30 cm in diameter, with some new varieties being shorter. Guava trees branch early, with firm, short trunks, and the bark is smooth, often grayish-green. The roots grow in clusters, digging deep into the soil to absorb nutrients. The tree is abundant with branches and oval leaves, each about half the size of a hand, with veins running parallel to each other. The scent of guava leaves is delicately fragrant and pleasant.
Guava flowers bloom in clusters of 2 to 3 white blossoms, with yellow stamens in the center, typically found in the leaf axils rather than at the branch tips. Guava trees bloom in March to April, and the fruit is harvested around August to September. The guava fruit is round, oval, or pear-shaped, with its size and appearance varying by variety. The skin is thin and smooth, while the inside is filled with a sweet, juicy flesh that can be white, pink, or yellow. Guavas are known for their numerous seeds, though seedless varieties have also been developed. The taste is sweet and refreshing, with crunchy flesh that combines to create a distinctive flavor.
Guavas are not just valued for their delicious fruit but also for their many uses in both culinary and medicinal practices. The fruit can be eaten fresh or made into sweet preserves, juices, or even candies. Every part of the guava tree—its leaves, young shoots, fruit, bark, and roots—has therapeutic properties. In traditional medicine, guava leaves are used to detoxify, while the fruit is known to improve digestion and promote skin health. People have used guava leaves to treat stomach aches, bruises, and bleeding. With the advancement of modern agriculture and technology, various fruit trees have emerged, but guava continues to hold a special place in Vietnamese culture. It is often found on fruit trays during the Lunar New Year and Mid-Autumn Festival, symbolizing good luck and prosperity. Guava trees remain an important part of Vietnamese life and should be cherished and preserved.

