Top 10 Best Expository Essays on the Historical Relic of the Hung Kings Temple for Grade 8

In the cherished land of Vietnam, there are numerous scenic spots, but the one I am most proud of is the Hung Kings Temple – the sacred site honoring the ancient Hung Kings, who are revered for founding the nation. The Hung Kings Temple is not only a magnificent landscape, but also a profoundly significant historical monument for the Vietnamese people, as it serves as the site of worship and remembrance for the Hung Kings, the common ancestors of all Vietnamese.

The temple is located in the northwest of Hanoi, just under 90 kilometers from the capital. It is built on Mount Hung, which is also known by several other names such as Mount Ca, Mount Nghia Linh, Nghia Cuong, Hy Cuong, Hy Son, Bao Thieu Linh, Bao Thieu Son, and more. The mountain stands 175 meters above sea level. According to legend, Mount Hung is shaped like a dragon’s head pointing south, with its body curving into other peaks like Mount Van, Mount Troc, and Mount Pheo. Mount Van rises to 170 meters, similar in height to Mount Hung, while Mount Troc, positioned between the two, reaches a height of 145 meters. These three peaks are known as the “Three Forbidden Peaks” and have been worshiped by the locals for centuries.

The scenery here is truly awe-inspiring! The area is covered by towering mountains and dense, lush forests. On clear days, one can view the calm, crystal-clear Lo River, with villages nestled in groves of fruit trees, creating a vibrant, picturesque landscape. From the peak of Nghia Linh Mountain, one can see a vast expanse of northern Vietnam, including the confluence of the Lo River and the Red River, the Tam Dao and Ba Vi mountain ranges, and rolling hills interspersed with fertile farmland and thriving rural communities.

The entire historical site comprises four temples, a pagoda, and a mausoleum, all beautifully situated in the natural surroundings. The highest point is the Upper Temple, while the lowest is the Well Temple. These temples are constructed in an ancient architectural style. After passing through the main gate and climbing 225 stone steps, visitors reach the Lower Temple. In this area, one can find the Thiên Quang Pagoda and a 700-year-old Heaven Pine tree. Nearby are the Ngoc Temple and the Ngoc Well. From the Lower Temple, another 168 steps lead to the Central Temple, and 102 more steps take visitors to the Upper Temple, which houses the mausoleum of the Hung Kings, symbolizing the tomb of our ancestors.

The temple gate is designed in an arched style. The lower level features a large archway, with a smaller arch above. The roof’s four corners are adorned with dragons, and the pillars are decorated with two guardian lions. Between the pillars and the gate, two sculptures of warriors are carved. On the first level, there is an inscription that reads: “Cao sơn cảnh-hành” (Climb the high mountain for a broader view). On the back of the gate, two tigers are sculpted, representing the guardian spirits. Passing through the main gate leads to the Lower Temple. According to legend, this is the place where Mother Au Co gave birth to a pouch of one hundred eggs, which hatched into one hundred sons, symbolizing the origin of the “common people.” At the foot of the Lower Temple, there is a stone stele inscribed with the words of President Ho Chi Minh, who visited the Hung Kings Temple on September 19, 1945: “The Hung Kings laid the foundation for the country; we, their descendants, must protect the nation together.”

Close to the Lower Temple is the Thiên Quang Pagoda. In front of the pagoda stands a Heaven Pine tree, where President Ho Chi Minh once sat to converse with officials and soldiers. The pagoda features a bell tower constructed in the 17th century. Next is the Central Temple, which is believed to be the place where the Hung Kings, along with their noblemen and generals, came to enjoy the scenery and discuss state affairs. It is also where the sixth Hung King passed the throne to Lang Lieu, a devoted son who is credited with creating the traditional rice cakes (bánh chưng and bánh dày).

The Upper Temple is located at the summit of Mount Hung. According to legend, during the time of the Hung Kings, the monarch would often visit this peak to perform ceremonies honoring the heavens, the earth, and the rice deity, praying for good weather and prosperous harvests. It is also believed that the sixth Hung King established a ritual here, praying for a hero to assist in defending the nation from the invading An army. After the legendary hero, Saint Giong, defeated the enemy and ascended to heaven, the Hung King built a temple to honor him at the peak, and over time, the people added a shrine to worship the Hung Kings themselves.

The Hung Kings Mausoleum is next, believed to be the tomb of the sixth Hung King. The mausoleum is square-shaped, with four dragon sculptures at the corners of the lower level, and a twisting dragon at the top. The roof is topped with a design resembling a “precious gem.” The mausoleum’s west, east, and south sides feature archways, each flanked by mythical unicorns. The structure is surrounded by a stone wall decorated with floral patterns. Inside, the tomb of the Hung King is enclosed in a rectangular structure with a tiled roof.

From the Upper Temple, a short walk leads to the Well Temple (Ngọc Tỉnh), which is believed to be the place where the two princesses, Tiên Dung and Ngọc Hoa, daughters of the 18th Hung King, would often comb their hair and admire their reflection in the water while traveling with their father. The two princesses are honored for teaching the people how to cultivate rice and control water, and a temple was built in their memory. The gate of the Well Temple resembles the main gate, but is smaller and lower. The Au Co Mother Temple is situated on Mount Oc Son (Mount Van). Inside, statues of Mother Au Co and two of her loyal generals are enshrined. The path leading up to the temple consists of 553 stone steps.

At the base of the mountain lies the Hung Kings Museum, which houses many artifacts, images, and sculptures illustrating the theme: “The Hung Kings founded the Văn Lang kingdom on the historic land of Phong Châu.” During the Hung Kings’ death anniversary, flags, flowers, and banners decorate the area. Red flags wave from trees and across the lakes. During the festival, the temple is crowded with visitors who come to pay their respects and honor the legacy of the Hung Kings. The Hung Kings Temple is both a scenic landmark and an important cultural and historical site for the Vietnamese people. Visiting the Hung Kings Temple is a return to the roots of the Vietnamese nation, and a proud celebration of the dragon and fairy blood running through every Vietnamese person’s veins!

The Hung Kings Festival is a beautiful cultural tradition for the Vietnamese people. Among the many festivals celebrated across the country, the Hung Kings Festival is regarded as the most sacred, as it is a time for all Vietnamese to reflect on their origins and honor the heroic legacy of their ancestors.

In the collective memory of every Vietnamese, a visit to the Hung Kings Temple is a pilgrimage to the roots, a journey to reconnect with the glorious history of the Hung Kings who founded the nation.

“No matter where you go, whether near or far,

Remember the death anniversary of the Hung Kings on the tenth day of the third lunar month.”

The ancient anthem of the land still resonates:

“The mountains and rivers are the eternal inheritance of the Vietnamese people.”

The Hung Kings Temple Complex sits atop a majestic mountain. The ancestral altar is placed on Mount Nung (Nghia Linh), located in the ancient village of Tich, Hy Cuong Commune, Lam Thao District, Phu Tho Province. Mount Nung rises to 175 meters above sea level and commands a sweeping view of the Phong Chau Bạch Hạc region. The term ‘Hung Kings Temple’ refers to the four temples and a mausoleum located atop Mount Nung. From the main gate, the first stop is the Lower Temple, where legend tells of Mother Au Co giving birth to a pouch of one hundred eggs, which hatched into one hundred sons, symbolizing the strength of the Vietnamese people.

Further up is the Central Temple, where the Hung Kings would meet with their nobles and generals to discuss matters of state. At the peak of the mountain lies the Upper Temple, where four golden characters inscribed read “Nam Viet Triệu Tổ” (The Eternal Ancestor of Vietnam). Here, the Hung Kings would honor Saint Giong and perform rituals to the heavens, praying for good weather, bountiful harvests, and the prosperity of the people. Near the Upper Temple is a small mausoleum, often called the Tomb of the Ancestor, which holds symbolic meaning. Descending from the mausoleum to the east, at the foot of the mountain, is the Well Temple, where, according to legend, Princesses Tiên Dung and Ngọc Hoa, daughters of the 18th Hung King, would often admire their reflections and comb their hair. This well is now housed within the temple and is known as the Ngoc Well.

Standing before the Upper Temple (at the summit of Hung Son), one can gaze in all directions, taking in a breathtaking view of the surrounding rolling hills, lush forests, and shimmering rivers at the confluence of several streams. The sight of newly built houses and factories gives the area a lively atmosphere. The contrast between the natural splendor and the thriving human settlements makes one feel incredibly small in the face of such vastness. The transformation of the land and people of Phu Tho has only enhanced the beauty of the Hung Kings Temple Historical Site. To the east, the Tam Dao mountain range stretches like a great wall.

To the west, the towering Mount Tan Vien stands sentinel over the region. The Da River, Lo River, and Thao River converge at the site, adding to the majesty of the area. As one poetically describes: “The land’s curves resemble the dragon and tiger, with Tam Dao Mountain on the left and Tan Vien on the right, while the confluence of rivers, flowing through the center, provides a scenic backdrop.” Ancient Văn Lang, the heart of Vietnamese civilization, lies here in Nghia Linh, Viet Tri – a cradle of legends. The rivers, mountains, and foliage carry the soul of the nation, bringing visitors stories that are part history, part myth, but all deeply beautiful. The ancient rice-growing village is where the Hung Kings taught the people how to cultivate rice.

The villages along the Lo River are where the Hung Kings went hunting with their generals and beautiful maidens. In the village of Huong Tram, Lang Liêu, the prince, is said to have made the bánh chưng and bánh dày rice cakes as offerings to the Hung Kings. The confluence of rivers was also the place where the 18th Hung King built a tower to choose suitors for his daughter, and where the legendary contest between the Mountain God and the Water God for the hand of the princess took place…

“In the third month, the people flock to the temple,

Celebrating the Hung Kings’ death anniversary, a tradition that has endured for four thousand years.”

Visiting the Hung Kings Festival is like returning to the land where our ancestors were born, a journey back to childhood memories, rocked in the cradle of Au Co’s lullabies. It is a moment to honor our forebears, those who established the nation, with the lasting legacy of the Hung Kings. Visiting the Hung Kings Temple is a return to our roots, a reaffirmation of the Vietnamese cultural identity, and a prayer for prosperity and peace for all people.

The Hung Kings Temple Historical Site is located in the ancient village of Cổ Tích, Hy Cương commune, Việt Trì city, Phú Thọ province. It is the sacred place dedicated to the Hung Kings, who are credited with founding the nation and are revered as the ancestors of the Vietnamese people. In ancient times, this land was the heart of the Văn Lang Kingdom, surrounded by two major rivers, which served as natural moats protecting the ancient capital of the Hung Kings.

From a distance, Mount Hùng resembles the head of a giant dragon facing south, with the dragon's body winding into smaller peaks like Trọc, Vặn, and Pheo mountains. Behind Mount Hùng, there are large hills stretching up to 10 kilometers, resembling a herd of elephants kneeling in homage to the sacred land. To the front lies Bạch Hạc junction, where the three largest rivers in northern Vietnam – the Red River, the Lô River, and the Đà River – converge to create a vast water expanse. From here, rolling hills appear like a herd of turtles crawling up to pay homage to Nghĩa Lĩnh. In the distance to the east, the Tam Đảo mountain range rises like a protective mother, while to the south, the Ba Vì mountains stand tall like a father, uniting the natural landscape.

Near Mount Hùng are smaller hills with names such as Phượng Cặp (Tiên Kiên) and Hổ Phục (Khang Phụ – Chu Hoá), creating a breathtakingly majestic landscape, filled with the sacred energy of this meeting of mountains and waters. From the peak of Nghĩa Lĩnh, one can view a vast expanse of scenic beauty. Legend has it that the Hung Kings traveled far and wide, and chose this land as the heart of their kingdom. The historical site of the Hung Kings Temple includes the Lower Temple, the Thiên Quang Pagoda, the Middle Temple, the Upper Temple, the Tomb of the Hung Kings, the Well Temple, the Temple of Mother Âu Cơ, and the Temple of the National Ancestor Lạc Long Quân, along with various supporting structures that cater to the spiritual needs of the people during the annual Hung Kings Festival.

The Lower Temple, constructed during the 17th and 18th centuries, follows a simple architecture, shaped like the letter “II,” with a front prayer hall and a rear sanctuary. Its architecture is modest, with wooden beams extending across the structure, and a tiled roof. Legend says that this is where Mother Âu Cơ gave birth to a hundred eggs, which hatched into a hundred sons, marking the beginning of the Vietnamese people. As the children grew, their father, Lạc Long Quân, led 50 sons to the coast to reclaim the land, while Mother Âu Cơ took 49 sons into the mountains to grow silkworms, weave cloth, and build a life. The eldest son stayed to become king, and thus began the 18 generations of the Hung Kings.

The Thiên Quang Pagoda, originally known as Viễn Sơn Cổ Tự, was rebuilt during the Trần Dynasty in the 15th century and later renovated during the Nguyễn Dynasty. The pagoda features an “I” shape, with a five-gate front hall, a three-gate central hall, and a three-gate upper hall, all built with wooden columns and beams. The roof is tiled and decorated with intricate patterns, and the structure is surrounded by a corridor. The pagoda honors the Mahayana Buddha. Before returning to Hanoi to take over the capital, President Hồ Chí Minh worked under the sacred Vạn Tuế tree in front of the pagoda on September 19, 1945.

The Middle Temple, also known as the Hùng Vương Ancestor Temple, was built during the Lý – Trần Dynasties. In the 15th century, it was destroyed by the Ming invaders, but later rebuilt. The current structure, built in the shape of the letter “-,” is simple and features three sections without columns. The roof is also made of tiled tiles. Legend says that this was the place where the Hung Kings and their noblemen would gather to discuss the affairs of the kingdom. It is here that the sixth Hung King passed on the throne to Lang Liêu, the wise and filial son who invented bánh chưng and bánh dày.

The Upper Temple, known as Kính Thiên Lĩnh Đền, was significantly expanded in the 15th century, with additional funding from the Nguyễn Dynasty to ensure its grand renovation. Today, the temple follows a “V” shaped design with four levels: the bell and drum house, the grand worship hall, the front offering area, and the back sanctuary. On September 18, 1962, President Hồ Chí Minh visited the Hung Kings Temple, where he took a rest by the southeast corner of the temple and urged the planting of trees. His vision was to turn the site into a historical park for future generations.

At the tomb of the sixth Hung King, which was once an earth mound, the king’s will was to be buried on Mount Cả so that he could continue to watch over the land. In 1870, during the Tự Đức era, the tomb was renovated, and in 1922 during the Khải Định period, it was restored to its current form. The Well Temple, also called Ngọc Tỉnh, is said to be where the two princesses Tiên Dung and Ngọc Hoa, daughters of the 18th Hung King, would often comb their hair by the well as they traveled with their father. These two princesses, who taught the people how to cultivate rice and manage water, were honored with the construction of the temple. Built in the 18th century, the temple sits atop the well, and its waters remain clear and abundant year-round. The architecture follows an “I” shape, with a front prayer hall, an offering area, and a rear sanctuary. The roof is tiled, with dragon motifs decorating the ridge.

The Temple of Mother Âu Cơ is located on the peak of Mount Vặn, also known as Ốc Sơn, in Cổ Tích village, Hy Cương commune, Việt Trì city. At 170.2 meters above sea level, it is part of the sacred “Three Mountains” system, which includes Mount Hùng, Mount Trọc, and Mount Vặn. The temple was built to express the people's deep reverence for Âu Cơ, the legendary mother of the Vietnamese people.

The Temple of the National Ancestor Lạc Long Quân, located at the foot of Sim Mountain, was constructed in 2006. Inside the temple is a bronze statue of Lạc Long Quân, along with statues of Lạc Hầu and Lạc Tướng. This temple, part of a larger complex, serves to preserve and promote the historical image of the nation, helping educate future generations about the traditional values of the Vietnamese people. It is likely that during the Later Lê period (15th century), the Hung Kings Temple complex was fully completed as we see it today. On the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month, the following lines are deeply ingrained in the hearts of the Vietnamese people:

“No matter where we go, near or far

We remember the death anniversary of the Hung Kings on the 10th of the 3rd lunar month

Across the land, the song of the people echoes

Our country remains eternal and united.”

The Hung Kings Temple is a symbol of Vietnamese history, a sacred site where the Hung Kings, who are credited with founding the nation, are worshipped. The Hung Kings' death anniversary on the 10th of the third lunar month has become a significant national holiday.

Located on Nghĩa Lĩnh Mountain, now part of Hy Cương, Việt Trì, Phú Thọ, the temple complex includes tombs, shrines, and altars dedicated to the Hung Kings. Visitors ascending the mountain start their journey at the Lower Temple, which is believed by locals to be the site where Mother Âu Cơ gave birth to a bundle of eggs. Half of her children followed their father, Lạc Long Quân, while the rest followed her into the mountains. Continuing their journey, visitors reach the Middle Temple, where the Hung Kings once held important national discussions. Further up the mountain, they arrive at the Upper Temple, dedicated to the 6th Hung King, the highest point of the complex.

Every year, the Hung Kings Festival is celebrated with grandeur, following national rituals. The celebration consists of two parts: the ceremonial rites and the festive activities. The procession, with offerings to the Hung Kings at the temples and pagodas on the mountain, is led by the nation's leaders who present incense at the Upper Temple. The rituals are conducted with great respect and are widely covered by the media. People from across the country also offer their prayers at the temples and pagodas, hoping for peace and prosperity in their lives.

In addition, there are incense offerings at various temples on the mountain. The festival also provides an opportunity for the community to engage in traditional cultural activities. Attendees can watch events such as wrestling, cockfighting, palanquin processions, and human chess, while also enjoying performances of chèo opera, dramatic plays, and quan họ folk singing. Artists and artisans from all over the region gather to perform the exquisite and unique folk melodies of hát xoan, adding a distinct cultural flavor to the festival at the Hung Kings Temple.

People who attend this event are not only there to witness the festivities but also to express their reverence and spirituality toward their homeland. The Hung Kings Temple is recognized as the sacred origin of the Vietnamese people, a place of deep cultural significance. Every year, on the 10th of the third lunar month, both locals and tourists take part in the Hung Kings Festival, a cherished tradition of the Vietnamese people. The festival is not only a celebration but also a reminder of the gratitude owed to the Hung Kings for their efforts in founding and protecting the nation.

As the people of Vietnam, we all know the following verse:

Wherever one may travel, whether up or down,

Remember the Hung Kings' Death Anniversary on the tenth day of March.

This song has been passed down across the land,

The nation remains strong, enduring for thousands of years.

For generations, the Vietnamese people have always looked to a spiritual anchor – the Hung Kings Temple festival and the Hung Kings' Death Anniversary, held on the 10th day of the third lunar month. The Hung Kings' Death Anniversary has long been a significant national observance, deeply embedded in the spiritual life of every Vietnamese person. No matter where they are, all Vietnamese people remember this sacred day, always directing their hearts toward the birthplace – Hy Cuong commune, Lam Thao, Phu Tho. This place is the cultural and spiritual center of the Vietnamese nation. The Hung Kings Temple has been a site for honoring and paying tribute to the Hung Kings, symbolizing the unity of the Vietnamese people.

Vietnamese people are fortunate to have a common ancestor to honor, a sacred land to remember, and a temple to express gratitude. Today, the Hung Kings' Death Anniversary continues to be celebrated annually, following the traditions of the Vietnamese culture. It is not only a time to honor the ancestors but also to educate the people about the national spirit of 'Drinking water, remembering its source' and to express deep gratitude to the Hung Kings for founding the nation, as well as to the generations of heroes who defended it. This day is a national festival, where no matter where people are, their hearts beat in unison, and all eyes turn toward the same destination: the Hung Kings Temple. The ceremony is held on the 10th of March:

Wherever one may travel, whether up or down,

Remember the Hung Kings' Death Anniversary on the tenth day of March.

The Hung Kings Festival is a traditional Vietnamese celebration. Since ancient times, it has been unique for its focus on the ceremonial aspect, which is considered more important than the festive part. The people who attend the festival do so with reverence and gratitude towards their ancestors and their roots (Drinking water, remembering its source). Forty-one villages from Phu Tho province participate in the procession to offer tributes. In ancient times, the procession included ritual offerings, a musical troupe, flags, sacred objects, and drums. Villages far away had to travel for two to three days to participate. The rituals originally took place on the 12th of March (lunar calendar), with families living far away coming a day earlier, on the 11th of March.

During the Nguyen Dynasty, it was decided that the festival would be held every five years (on the 5th and 10th years of each decade), with representatives from the royal court conducting the ceremony alongside local officials. The ceremony would take place on the 10th of March. As a result, the Death Anniversary of the Hung Kings was officially observed on this date every year. In the main festival years, the ceremony would include a ritual performed by the court, followed by a ceremony by the people. Forty-one villages would carry their palanquins from their local temples to the Hung Kings Temple. These processions symbolized both spiritual and humanitarian values. The palanquins were often elaborately decorated, gilded, and intricately carved, carried in an atmosphere that was both solemn and joyful, accompanied by the sounds of drums, music, and the presence of both officials and the people. The festival also featured folk games such as wrestling, rope skipping, ceremonial offering throwing, human chess, and archery. Special performances like Xoan singing and Gheo singing – two traditional folk music genres of the Chau Phong region – were also part of the festival.

On September 2, 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was born, marking a new historical milestone for our people. Following the noble traditions of our ancestors, especially the principle of 'drinking water, remembering its source,' the 1946 Hung Kings' Death Anniversary was a special event, held in remembrance after the new government was formed. That year, Mr. Huynh Thuc Khang, Vice President of Vietnam, representing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, performed the ritual at the Hung Kings Temple. Dressed in traditional attire, he made offerings at the altar, presenting a map of Vietnam and a sword – two symbolic treasures representing the determination of the government and the people in the face of external threats.

During the resistance against French colonialism, due to the intensity of the war, local residents took responsibility for the rituals at the Hung Kings’ tomb. After the victory at Dien Bien Phu (May 7, 1954), on September 19, 1954, at the Hung Kings Temple, President Ho Chi Minh solemnly addressed the officers of the Advanced Corps, urging them to continue the mission of protecting the nation: 'The Hung Kings built the country, we must unite to protect it.' This message became a national promise fulfilled in the spring of 1975 when, after 30 years of hardship and sacrifice, the Vietnamese people expelled foreign invaders, reunified the country, and restored peace and prosperity. No other nation in the world shares a common ancestry and a Death Anniversary like ours. The legendary story of Au Co, who gave birth to a hundred eggs, half descending to the sea and half ascending to the mountains, symbolizes our national consciousness, solidarity, and the foundation of our unity. The term 'fellow countrymen' embodies love, mutual support, and the strength of Vietnam.

Today, the annual Hung Kings' Death Anniversary is celebrated according to national traditions. In even years (every five years), the event is conducted as a national ceremony, while in odd years, it is organized by Phu Tho province. Whether in even or odd years, the festival is celebrated with great attention to both the religious and festive aspects. The religious ceremony is conducted with utmost reverence at the temples and pagodas on Mount Hung. Delegations from the Party, Government, and localities across the country participate in the formal ceremony at the Upper Temple. Starting from the afternoon of the 9th of March, the villages allowed to carry the ceremonial palanquins gather at the museum at the foot of the mountain to prepare the offerings. On the morning of the 10th, delegations gather in Vietnam’s Viet Tri city, with a procession led by military vehicles carrying wreaths, marching toward the foot of Mount Hung.

The delegations line up behind the palanquins, proceeding with music from traditional instrumental ensembles and ceremonial dances. At the entrance of the 'Kinh Thien Temple,' the procession stops, and offerings are made at the Upper Temple. A local leader (usually the national leader or a representative of the Ministry of Culture) will read a formal speech. The entire ceremony is covered by the media, with reports and live broadcasts allowing people across the nation to witness the event. The public offers prayers at the temples, all hoping for blessings from their ancestors.

The festival itself is vibrant and lively, held around the temples and at the foot of Mount Hung. It incorporates various cultural activities, both traditional and modern. The area hosts stalls selling souvenirs, cultural products, food services, and sports areas, all organized in an orderly fashion. Folk games such as merry-go-rounds, wrestling, rooster fighting, archery, palanquin processions, fire pulling, rice cooking contests, and human chess are preserved. Some years feature special performances such as 'Hundred Arts Humorous,' 'Goddess Procession,' 'Rice God Procession,' and 'Tightrope Walking' during the festival. Additionally, there are stages for professional art troupes performing Cheo, spoken drama, and Quan Ho folk singing. The festival has become a platform for cultural exchange between different regions. Mường artists bring the sounds of bronze drums, a symbol of ancient rituals, calling upon the sun to bring rain and sunshine for a prosperous harvest. The Xoan and Gheo songs, with their delicate and melodious lyrics, add a unique cultural touch to the festival.

Today, the entire country turns its attention to the Land of the Ancestors, with people traveling from all over to join the Hung Kings Festival. The ancestors of the Vietnamese people always remind their descendants to fulfill their duties, keep harmony, and respect roles in society, ensuring family peace and national prosperity. This message is not only conveyed annually through the festival but is also etched on the ancient Dong Son drums, sacred artifacts of the nation, symbolizing unity and strength. Through this Death Anniversary, our ancestors remind future generations of strategies for preserving the country and protecting the people. After thousands of years of guarding, fighting, and building, the Hung Kings Temple has become a symbol of national spirit, the origin of strength, belief, and the shining legacy of our cultural heritage.

Not only are we proud of the Hung Kings Temple and the Death Anniversary, but also the written reflections from international delegations and friends from all over the world who have visited. It is truly moving to know that the Hung Kings Temple and the sites on Nghia Linh Mountain have earned worldwide respect for our national consciousness. Many visitors have acknowledged, 'The Hung Kings Temple laid the foundation for the history of Vietnam...'

History is a continuous flow. Through thousands of years and numerous changes, in the hearts of all our people, the Hung Kings Temple and the 10th of March Death Anniversary remain a gathering point for all, where descendants honor their ancestors and remember the contributions of the nation. It is a symbol of the Vietnamese people – a nation with a long-standing tradition of building and defending its homeland.

"We return to relive the past

The sky is clear, the midday sun glows golden

We return to collect our dreams

And search within the ancient layers of Văn Lang."

(Excerpt from Văn Việt Trì's poetry)

The verses above express deep and sincere emotions about the roots of our nation, about the 4,000 years of history in building and protecting Vietnam, and the legacy of the Hung Kings.

No matter where they are, the children of Vietnam always remember the heroic deeds and great contributions that laid the first foundations of this country. Every year, on the 10th of March, people from all over the country, as well as overseas Vietnamese, gather at the Hung Kings Temple to commemorate, express their gratitude, and show respect to their ancestors. This is a long-standing cultural tradition of the Vietnamese people.

"A tree has roots, water has a source," and the source of the Vietnamese people lies in the beloved words 'đồng bào,' connected to the ancient legend of Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ, who gave birth to a pouch of 100 eggs. Fifty children descended to the sea, and fifty others ascended the mountains to rule in turns. The Văn Lang state, the first to emerge, flourished based on the brilliant Sơn Vi culture. The Hung Kings Temple, located in the ancient capital of Văn Lang, carries thousands of years of history. Nestled in the heart of the Văn Lang kingdom, it holds a unique position between two emerald rivers that cradle the ancient city.

The Hung Kings Temple is located on Nghĩa Linh Mountain in Phong Châu, Việt Trì city, Phú Thọ province, stretching from the foot of the mountain to the summit at a height of 175 meters. Nghĩa Linh Mountain, also known as Cả Mountain or Hùng Mountain, is the tallest peak here. From a distance, the mountain resembles the head of a mighty dragon, majestic and winding through the clouds, with distant mountains lining the horizon. Legend has it that the Hung Kings traveled extensively to find this land, abundant with spiritual energy, harmonizing the forces of earth and sky, where they chose to establish their capital. Even after thousands of years, the landscape and nature here still carry an enchanting, radiant aura.

The lowest temple, at the foot of the mountain, is reached by climbing 168 steps to the Trung Temple, built in the 14th century and restored in 1988. The Thượng Temple is said to be the site of ancient ceremonies for prayers for rain, bountiful harvests, national prosperity, and peace. The tomb of the sixth Hung King, who led the people of Văn Lang in their resistance against the Shang dynasty, lies to the left of the Thượng Temple, facing southeast as a simple earth mound.

"Whether you travel north or south, remember the Hung Kings' death anniversary on the 10th of March," truly, this cultural and festive activity has become a tradition that unites the nation, passed down from generation to generation. From the foot of the mountain, the Hạ Temple stands as the lowest point, where it is said Âu Cơ gave birth to the 100 eggs that gave rise to the people of Văn Lang. Moving upwards, the Trung Temple served as the place for royal meetings and important decisions, while at the very top of the mountain stands the Thượng Temple, dedicated to the sixth Hung King. Every year, people from all over the country gather at the Hung Kings Temple in solemn respect and gratitude.

In addition to the solemn rituals, there are various cultural activities such as the royal palanquin procession and incense offerings. These sacred ceremonies honor those who came before, with people carefully carrying the palanquin from the base of the mountain through the temples and pagodas above. The procession is orderly, with participants dressed in traditional attire, holding ancient weapons as a symbol of reverence for their ancestors. The sounds of gongs and drums fill the air as the procession proceeds, first stopping at the "Điện Kính Thiên" to perform the incense offering.

After the incense offering, the procession continues to the highest temple, the Thượng Temple, where a representative of the people delivers a speech expressing gratitude to the Hung Kings, sharing hopes for the nation's prosperity and peace. Alongside traditional ceremonies, there are also ancient cultural activities such as cockfighting, wrestling, and human chess. Notably, traditional art forms such as Xoan singing, chèo, and quan họ, which are distinct to our people, draw visitors back to the beloved homeland, immersing them in the glorious history of the nation. With its variety of ancient, traditional activities, the Hung Kings Temple Festival attracts a large number of visitors every year on the 10th of March, each eager to show their deep respect and gratitude.

The Hung Kings Temple Festival is an ancient custom passed down through generations, preserving and promoting the beautiful values of our people. Anyone who visits carries deep reverence for the Hung Kings, strengthening our pride in our origins as descendants of dragons and fairies, and in the ancient legend of the hundred eggs. In 2009, the Hung Kings Historical Site was recognized as a special national heritage. In 2011, the art of Xoan singing, which reverberates with the history of the Hung Kings, was honored by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage to be preserved and promoted.

The Hung Kings Death Anniversary is a grand celebration for our people. Visiting the Hung Kings Temple is a return to the cherished roots of our nation, honoring the glorious achievements and sacrifices of our ancestors. The Hung Kings Temple continues to assert its cultural significance, a grand national treasure that will forever be treasured by the Vietnamese people across generations.

“Whether one travels up or down,

We remember the ancestors on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month.”

No matter where Vietnamese people may be, they always recall the cultural values of their nation and the festivals that honor the heroic deeds of the eighteen Hung Kings, the founders who laid the first foundations of our country. Thus, every year on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month, people across the nation gather at the Hung Kings Temple in Phu Tho to honor these kings and partake in the rituals of the festival. According to government regulations, on even years, the national government organizes the ceremony, while on odd years, it is managed by Phu Tho province. Regardless of the year, these days are marked by a deep desire for the people to express their respect for the ancestors and those who came before them. This is one of the largest and most significant festivals in our country.

The Hung Kings Festival and the Commemoration of the Hung Kings are held annually on the 10th day of the 3rd lunar month. The temples dedicated to the Hung Kings are situated on Mount Nghia Linh in the village of Co Tich, Hy Cuong Commune, Lam Thao District, Phu Tho Province. This site profoundly reflects the traditional religious practices of the people. The festival has been celebrated since the reign of the Hung Kings, during the formation and defense of the nation. This long-standing tradition continues to grow in scale, symbolizing the enduring gratitude of later generations toward their forefathers who sacrificed to protect the country.

This festival also highlights the deep patriotism of our people. During such celebrations, one cannot overlook the ritual of the procession. This is a solemn ceremony, performed with great reverence for those who have passed. The atmosphere is serious, with no room for laughter or mischief. People carefully carry the ceremonial palanquins through the temples and pagodas atop Mount Hung. These palanquins are laden with traditional offerings such as sticky rice, chickens, and square cakes—all symbols of our people's customs. Everything is arranged neatly and beautifully in five ceremonial palanquins. The procession is conducted with the utmost reverence and care.

The people chosen to carry the palanquins are typically in good health and well-groomed. They wear coordinated, neat uniforms, and each person holds a wooden replica of ancient weapons, such as swords, maces, flags, and dragons, to simulate the historic period. As the procession moves, the sound of cymbals and drums fills the air. Following the palanquins, the procession members line up, walking together to the summit of the mountain. The first stop is the “Heavenly Shrine,” where the entire group pauses to offer incense. The atmosphere is charged with solemnity as everyone focuses intently on the incense offering ceremony to the deities.

The procession then continues into the inner sanctum of the Upper Temple, the tallest and most significant temple on the mountain. It is here that a leader, representing the people of the entire nation, will give a speech to thank the ancestors for their sacrifices, while also pledging to work hard for the prosperity of the nation in the coming years. This speech is often broadcast live for the public to follow. At this point, everyone quietly prays from the depths of their hearts, hoping for divine blessings and peace for future generations.

After the ritual, the festival moves into its celebratory phase, which is widely enjoyed, especially by younger generations. The opening event is usually a competition between local villages for the most beautifully decorated palanquin. This spirited contest boosts the energy of the festival. The village with the winning palanquin will carry it to the Upper Temple the following year for the ceremony. The winning village is considered blessed, as the tradition holds that the community with the chosen palanquin will experience a year of prosperity and good fortune. This reveals the deep spiritual connection between the villages around Mount Hung and the wider Vietnamese community.

One of the festival’s unique features is the Xoan singing ceremony, a cultural tradition exclusive to this region. According to history, this song and dance form was beloved by Queen Lan Xuan, wife of King Ly Than Tong, and contributed to its establishment as a sacred offering in the temples dedicated to the Hung Kings. In addition to Xoan singing, there are also Ca Tru performances at the Lower Temple. This is another traditional music form of the Vietnamese people. Outside, visitors gather to enjoy traditional games such as swing riding, chess, rooster fighting, and wrestling. With so many activities, everyone can enjoy the form of entertainment that suits them best. For example, young people often choose to play on sturdy bamboo swings. In the evening, those who love singing can join in traditional song duels or performances of Quan Ho and Cheo at the Lower Temple or the Well Temple. With so many enriching activities, the number of visitors to the Hung Kings Temple continues to grow each year, as many people wish to visit this sacred site and honor their ancestors.

The Hung Kings Festival is a beautiful tradition in the spiritual life of the Vietnamese people. It holds immense cultural and historical significance for the nation’s development. For this reason, Phu Tho has long been regarded as a sacred land and the cradle of the Vietnamese people. Despite enduring many trials throughout history, the state continues to organize the Hung Kings Festival as a tribute to the founding kings of Vietnam. Pilgrims who visit this site bring with them their heartfelt gratitude and deep respect for their ancestors. This collective sense of pride reminds us of our identity as descendants of the mythical Dragon and Fairy, a key part of our nation’s heritage.

The Hung Kings Temple is an architectural complex of immense cultural, historical, and spiritual significance to the Vietnamese people. It embodies the traditional belief of "drinking water, remembering its source" in reverence to the Hung Kings, who founded and defended the nation from its early days.

Located on Nghia Linh Mountain in the Phong Chau region, once the capital of the Van Lang Kingdom 40,000 years ago, it is now part of Hy Cuong commune, Viet Tri city, Phu Tho province. This region, characterized by its semi-mountainous terrain, lies between the mountains and the plains, offering a diverse landscape with forests, hills, fields, rivers, and lakes. The temple sits atop Nghia Linh Mountain, the highest peak in the area, known for its lush, fertile environment brimming with vitality. The mountain was historically the site of rituals performed by the emperor and his court, praying for favorable weather and the prosperity of the people.

The mountain takes on a majestic and imposing form, resembling a great dragon with its head facing south, and its body winding to create a series of mountains stretching into the distance. Behind this sacred dragon, one can envision elephants and loyal subjects marching toward the ancestral land. The grandeur doesn't end here, as the confluence of the three largest rivers in northern Vietnam—the Red River, Lo River, and Da River—can be seen at the Bạch Hạc junction. The flowing waters swirl and crash toward Nghia Linh Mountain, and from the summit, visitors are treated to a panoramic view of the awe-inspiring beauty of the homeland.

The Hung Kings Temple is a sacred site rich with the nation's cultural and historical values, marking the founding and preservation of Vietnam. The complex consists of several temples, including the Lower Temple, the Well Temple, the Central Temple, the Upper Temple, and the tomb of the Hung Kings. The starting point of this sacred complex is the Đại Môn (Grand Gate), a monumental structure built in 1917 with an arched design, 8.5 meters high and two tiers of roofs adorned with dragon and mythical creature motifs. The gate's design, featuring warriors in combat stance, adds to the site's majestic and powerful atmosphere.

The next stage of the journey brings visitors to the Lower Temple and Thiên Quang Pagoda. To reach this, one must ascend 225 brick steps. The Lower Temple, dating back to the 17th or 18th century, has a simple layout with two rooms: the Tiền bái (Front Hall) and Hậu cung (Back Hall). The front of the temple features a sacred tree, and it was here that President Ho Chi Minh made his famous statement: "The Hung Kings built the country, and we, their descendants, must protect it together."

Legend has it that the dragon king Lac Long Quan and the mountain goddess Au Co had 100 children—50 went with their father to the sea, while 50 followed their mother up the mountains to cultivate the land. The eldest son who followed his mother became the first Hung King, establishing the Van Lang Kingdom, which lasted for 18 generations over 2,600 years (from 2879 BC to 258 BC).

Adjacent to the Lower Temple is Thiên Quang Pagoda, built during the Tran dynasty. A sacred tree near 800 years old stands in front of the pagoda, which is surrounded by corridors and features a roof made of curved tiles. The pagoda’s courtyard houses two four-tiered stupa towers and a bell tower that has stood for centuries. Inside the pagoda are over 30 statues of Buddhist figures, including Amitabha, Avalokiteshvara, and others, arranged reverently. The architecture follows a classic design with a five-room front hall, three-room central hall, and three-room upper hall.

Continuing the journey, after climbing 168 more steps, visitors reach the Central Temple, where the king and officials once conducted state affairs. The Central Temple is a simple structure that dates back to the Ly-Tran dynasties, dedicated to the Hung Kings. It was here that Lang Liêu, a legendary figure, offered the king the iconic bánh chưng during the Tet festival, solidifying his legacy.

After a long climb, visitors finally reach the summit of Nghia Linh Mountain, where the Upper Temple, or "Kính Thiên Lĩnh Điện" (Heavenly Temple), stands. This temple is dedicated to Saint Giong and the Hung Kings. Located at the center of the complex, the Upper Temple is a large, open area where worshippers pay respects but cannot enter the inner sanctuaries. According to legend, after Saint Giong defeated the invaders, he ascended to heaven, and the Hung Kings built a temple in his honor next to their own tomb, which is now known as the Tomb of the Hung Kings.

The Tomb is located east of the Upper Temple, marking the resting place of the 6th Hung King. It features a square-shaped structure with four columns connected by walls. The tomb itself measures 1.3 meters in length, 1.8 meters in width, and 1 meter in height. The final stop on the pilgrimage is the Well Temple, located at the southeastern base of Nghia Linh Mountain. Built in the 18th century, the Well Temple features an architecture in the form of the letter "Công" and includes a front hall, central hall, and back room. It is said that the two daughters of the Hung Kings, Tiên Dung and Ngọc Hoa, used to visit this temple to admire their reflections in the well and comb their hair. The well is clear and pure, flowing with water year-round.

One of the must-see locations within the complex is the Hung Kings Museum, which is designed to resemble a bánh chưng and bánh dày and displays numerous artifacts from the time of the Hung Kings. The museum offers a broad overview of the establishment of the Văn Lang Kingdom. Every year, on the 10th day of the third lunar month, the Hung Kings Temple hosts a grand ceremony to honor the kings, featuring various cultural activities, festivals, and games to express gratitude for their founding role. Over time, the belief in worshipping the Hung Kings has incorporated rich cultural values, emphasizing the unity of the Vietnamese people and the importance of remembering their roots.

The worship of the Hung Kings has become a cherished tradition, not only in Vietnam but also among the Vietnamese diaspora worldwide. This tradition reflects the profound humanistic philosophy, the strength of the Vietnamese spirit, and a commitment to preserving the nation's cultural heritage. The commemoration of the Hung Kings fosters a deep sense of unity and pride among the Vietnamese people, from the era of the Hung Kings to the present day, exemplifying the virtues of loyalty, gratitude, love, and mutual support.

The state and local authorities organize the Hung Kings Death Anniversary with utmost reverence, culminating in the sacred incense offering ceremony at the Upper Temple, honoring the contributions of the Hung Kings. The event also features traditional games, performances, and competitions such as Xoan singing, Ghẹo singing, and cultural festivals. In 1962, the government declared the Hung Kings Temple a National Historic and Cultural Landmark, and in 2009, it was officially recognized as one of the first "National Special Historic and Cultural Sites."

The Hung Kings Temple complex is a vital part of Vietnam's long history and holds profound architectural and cultural value. We must take pride in and protect this heritage, ensuring its continued legacy and sharing its significance with the international community.

"No matter where you go,

Remember the Hung Kings' death anniversary on the 10th of the third lunar month."

The Hung Kings' Death Anniversary, also known as the Hung Kings Festival, is one of the most significant national holidays in Vietnam. Every year, on the 10th day of the third lunar month, thousands of people from all over the country gather at the Hung Kings Temple to honor and express gratitude for the contributions of the Hung Kings, the first rulers of Vietnam.

The Hung Kings Temple is a famous tourist destination located on Nghia Linh Mountain in Hy Cuong commune, Phong Chau district, Vinh Phuc province, about 100 km north of Hanoi. It is an architectural complex consisting of tombs, temples, and ancient shrines. Due to historical upheavals and the passage of time, the structures at the Hung Kings Temple have been renovated and rebuilt several times, most recently in 1922.

Starting from the foot of the mountain, visitors first pass through the temple gate and reach the Lower Temple. According to legend, this is the site where Au Co, the mother of the Hung Kings, gave birth to a bag of one hundred eggs. These eggs hatched into one hundred children—fifty followed their father to the sea, and fifty followed their mother to the mountains. The eldest son, who stayed behind, became the first Hung King.

Beyond the Lower Temple is the Central Temple, where the Hung Kings held meetings with their royal officials. At the summit of the mountain is the Upper Temple, which houses the tomb of the sixth Hung King (known as the Ancestor's Tomb). From the Upper Temple, descending southwest leads to the Well Temple, known for its crystal-clear well water. Legend has it that the princesses Tiên Dung and Ngọc Hoa, daughters of the 18th Hung King, would often visit to wash their hair at this well.

The Hung Kings Festival is marked by cultural and artistic activities, with both traditional ceremonial rituals and folk cultural events. Among the remaining traditional rituals is the procession carrying the king's palanquin and the incense offering ceremony. These two rituals take place simultaneously on the main festival day. The procession begins at the foot of the mountain and passes through the temples, finally reaching the Upper Temple for the incense offering. The procession is a vibrant spectacle, with the sounds of traditional instruments and the sight of flags, flowers, umbrellas, palanquins, and traditional costumes. Under the shade of ancient trees and amidst the resonating beats of bronze drums, the procession winds its way up the legendary stone steps to the sacred peak.

Adding to the charm of the festival, alongside the religious ceremonies, are captivating folk activities. These include Xoan singing (a traditional form of Vietnamese folk music from Vinh Phu), wrestling contests, tug-of-war competitions, and boat races at the Bạch Hạc River junction—where the Hung Kings once trained their naval forces.

Pilgrims visiting the Hung Kings Temple do not only come to admire the scenery or partake in the festive atmosphere but also for spiritual reasons. Each pilgrim lights incense as they visit the sacred land, offering their prayers and thoughts to their ancestors. In the hearts of the Vietnamese people, every inch of soil and every tree here is sacred, and it is not unusual to see incense sticks planted in the ground or wedged into rock crevices.

The pilgrimage to the Hung Kings Temple is a beautiful cultural tradition of the Vietnamese people. Among the many festivals celebrated across the country, the Hung Kings Festival is considered the most sacred, as it is a time for every Vietnamese to remember their roots and honor the glorious heritage and traditions of their ancestors.

The Hung Kings Temple is located on Mount Nghia Linh, in the heart of Phong Chau, now known as Hy Cuong Commune, Lam Thao District, Phu Tho Province. Phong Chau was once the capital of the Van Lang kingdom, dating back over 40,000 years. This land is considered the ancestral home of the Vietnamese people.

According to legend, the Hung Kings searched through many locations before they discovered this sacred site as their capital. The area is strategically positioned, with a river at the front and surrounding mountains offering protection. The riverbanks provided convenient living conditions for the people, while the fertile land was ideal for farming. The elevated hills were perfect for establishing settlements and villages.

Archaeological excavations at sites such as Phung Nguyen, Dong Dau, Go Mun, and Lang Ca have uncovered evidence showing that Phong Chau was a thriving settlement of ancient Vietnamese people during the Hung Kings era. This evidence highlights the advanced material and spiritual culture of the people at that time.

Historically, after settling in Phong Chau, the Hung Kings chose Mount Nghia Linh as the site for rituals honoring heaven, earth, their deities, and ancestors. Known by various names such as Hy Chuong, Nghia Cuong, Hung Linh, and Nghia Linh, this 175-meter-high mountain lies within the ancient village of Co Tich. The area is densely forested, with rolling hills surrounding it. Local folklore tells of 99 hills, representing 99 elephants that kneel to honor the ancestral mountain. Only one elephant, deemed unworthy, was said to have been beheaded, which explains the appearance of a cleft in one of the hills.

Travelers journeying to the Hung Kings Temple from Hanoi pass through Co Loa, Dong Anh, the Vietnam Tri Industrial Zone, the ancient Lang Ca village, and the Bạch Hạc Bridge. The majestic Hung and Tro Mountains, along with Mount Van, form a breathtaking backdrop. Upon reaching the Hung Kings Temple intersection, visitors veer off the main road and take a red dirt path that winds through the hills, shaded by thick forests. At the foot of the mountain to the west, the temple gate appears, flanked by towering pine trees. The gate follows a traditional three-arch style with two levels and curved eaves. The ridge features a design called "two dragons worshiping the sun." The central gate is wide and tall, flanked by two short walls and two pillars, each topped with lanterns and guardian lion figures. Above the main entrance, the four-character inscription reads: "CAO SON CẢNH HÀNG," meaning "High Mountain, Great Road."

Visitors must ascend 255 stone steps to reach the Lower Temple. According to legend, this is the place where the goddess Au Co gave birth to a hundred eggs, which hatched into a hundred children: fifty followed their father, Lac Long Quan, to the sea, while forty-nine accompanied their mother to the mountains. One child remained to become the first Hung King. The Lower Temple area houses the Thiên Quang Pagoda, and in front of the pagoda stands a 700-year-old tree. On August 19, 1954, President Ho Chi Minh delivered a speech to officers and soldiers of the 308th Division, who were assigned to take control of Hanoi. He reminded them: "The Hung Kings founded the nation, and we must work together to protect it."

From the Lower Temple, visitors pass by a charming stone monument and continue down the southeastern slope, where they will find the Well Temple. This site honors two princesses, Tiên Dung and Ngọc Hoa, daughters of the 18th Hung King. The temple houses the "Jade Well," which, according to legend, the princesses would once visit to comb their hair and admire their reflections. Continuing the journey, visitors ascend 168 steps to the Middle Temple, where it is believed the Hung Kings once gathered to discuss matters of state with their ministers. Another 102 stone steps lead to the Upper Temple, where the Hung Kings performed rituals to honor Heaven, Earth, the Mountain Gods, and the Rice Gods.

The Upper Temple features a large plaque with the inscription "NAM QUỐC SƠN HÀ" (The Mountains and Rivers of the Southern Kingdom). In front of the temple is a tall stone pillar, known as the "Oath Stone," where, according to legend, King Thuc Phan swore to uphold the legacy of the Hung Kings and their kingdom. A few steps below the Upper Temple is the tomb of the Hung Kings, symbolizing the ancestral burial site, which was constructed in the early 20th century with simple architecture. The entire historical complex now includes four temples, one pagoda, and one tomb, all of which have been restored or added in the last century.

According to local elders, the Middle Temple was the earliest to be built, constructed by the Trẹo village (now Triệu Phú village) long ago to honor the Hung Kings. As the village grew, it split into three villages: Triệu Phú, Cổ Tích, and Vi Cương, each establishing their own temples on the mountain. Cổ Tích village built the Upper Temple, while Vi Cương village built the Lower Temple. Triệu Phú, the original village, continues to manage and worship at the Middle Temple.

Three altars are dedicated to the mountain gods, named Cả, Văn, and Trọc (the large, the literary, and the barren mountains, respectively), with the Chinese characters "Đột Ngột Cao Sơn," "Ất Sơn," and "Viễn Sơn" displayed in the temples. The large stone, known as the "grinding stone," located on Mount Trọc, has a diameter of over 2 meters and is preserved as a historical monument. The large stones placed beside the altar at the Lower Temple are remnants of the ancient rituals performed by the early Vietnamese people.

Surrounding the Hung Kings Temple are several locations with names that echo their ancient history: Xã Thậm Thình, where rice was milled for the king; Kẻ Sủ, where officials worked; Kẻ Đợii, a place for training soldiers; Kẻ Gát, where the king built a palace to select his son-in-law. The entire Hung Kings Temple complex is carefully protected and well-maintained. Recent additions include new paths, restored stone steps, and planted trees, along with a newly constructed water reservoir in honor of Lạc Long Quân.

From the top of Mount Nghia Linh, visitors can gaze into the distance and see the confluence of the Lo River and the Red River at Ngã Ba Hạc. The vast landscape once resembled the sea. To the left is the majestic Tam Dao range, and to the right, the misty Ba Vi mountain. Below, fields, palm hills, tea gardens, and prosperous villages stretch out, creating a picturesque scene, with large ponds glistening like mirrors under the spring sun.