Top 15 Best Explanatory Essays About Hoan Kiem Lake for 8th Grade

The surface of Hoan Kiem Lake sparkles under the sky,

Filling the air with the fragrant scent of Hanoi's flowers...

These are the lyrics that sing of pride for a landmark in the heart of Hanoi – Hoan Kiem Lake.

Around 600 years ago, the lake spanned from Hang Dao Street, through Hai Ba Trung, Ly Thuong Kiet, and Hang Chuoi streets, connecting to the Red River. The water of the lake has remained crystal clear, which is why it is also known as Luc Thuy Lake.

Legend has it that during the 15th century, the lake was renamed Hoan Kiem Lake, tied to the myth of the divine sword returned to the Golden Turtle, marking the victory of the 10-year struggle of the Vietnamese people against the Ming army (1417 - 1427) under the leadership of Le Loi. According to the legend, during Le Loi’s uprising in Lam Son (Thanh Hoa), he found a sword blade and later a hilt. This treasured sword accompanied Le Loi throughout the resistance against the Ming invaders. After ascending the throne and establishing the capital in Thang Long, during a boat ride on Luc Thuy Lake, a turtle appeared. Le Thai To drew his sword and held it up, and the sword flew towards the turtle. The turtle took the sword and sank to the bottom of the lake, and from that moment, Luc Thuy Lake became known as Hoan Kiem Lake (Lake of the Returned Sword) or simply, Hoan Kiem.

In the Le Dynasty, the lake also served as a training ground for the navy, sometimes called the Navy Lake. The lake has two islands: Ngoc Island and Turtle Island. In the late 16th century, the Trinh Lords built their palace in the Bao Thien district (now the area around St. Joseph's Cathedral), and named the two parts of the lake Huu Vong and Ta Vong. Later, Trinh Doanh constructed a mound called Ngoc Boi on the shore opposite Ngoc Island and established the Ta Vong Palace on Turtle Island.

After the fall of the Trinh Lords, Le Chieu Thong ordered the destruction of all Trinh constructions. In the early 19th century, a temple was built on Ngoc Island, called Ngoc Son Temple. Later, the temple shifted its focus from Buddhist worship to honoring the deities Van Xương and Tran Hung Dao, and it was renamed Ngoc Son Temple. In 1864, Confucian scholar Nguyen Van Sieu led efforts to restore the temple, and on Ngoc Boi Hill, a pen-shaped tower was built, known today as the Pen Tower.

Although not the largest lake in Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake has become a symbol deeply embedded in the lives and hearts of the people. Situated in the center of a district with narrow old streets, it offers a wide space for local cultural activities. The lake is home to many beautiful sights and holds a deep historical and symbolic significance, representing the nation's longing for peace (the sword returned, replaced by a pen), and the balance of literature and martial prowess (the sacred sword at the lake’s bottom and the pen tower reaching for the sky). As such, many artists and writers have drawn inspiration from the imagery of Hoan Kiem Lake in their works.

Every time I visit Hanoi, my first stop is always Hoan Kiem Lake. This historic lake, which has been here for centuries, carries the dust of time and the weight of history, having witnessed countless changes. Yet, its surface remains just as serene and clear as a jade mirror, offering a peaceful contrast to the bustling energy of the capital.

Hoan Kiem Lake, also known as Lake of the Returned Sword, is a natural freshwater lake located in the Hoan Kiem District of Hanoi. It spans about 12 hectares and is relatively shallow, with an average depth of 1 to 1.4 meters and a shoreline stretching around 1,750 meters. Geographically, the lake originated from a branch of the Red River, which spread and settled in a low-lying area of the capital, eventually forming the lake as we know it. The lake serves as a connection point between old neighborhoods like Hang Ngang, Hang Dao, and Cau Go, and newer areas like Bao Khanh, Nhà Thờ, Hang Bai, and Trang Tien, all of which were planned by the French colonists centuries ago.

Over time, the lake has been known by many names. Initially, it was called Luc Thuy, due to its beautiful jade-green water. During the reign of the Le Kings and the Trinh Lords, it was used for military drills and reviews, earning names like Thuy Quan Lake, Ta Vong, and Huu Vong. The name Hoan Kiem began to be used in the 15th century, inspired by the legendary tale of King Le Loi returning a magical sword to the Golden Turtle. According to the legend, while boating on the lake, a giant turtle appeared and demanded that the king return the sword that Long Vuong had lent him to defeat the Ming invaders. Le Loi returned the sword, and the turtle swam away with it, from that moment onward, the lake was known as Hoan Kiem (Lake of the Returned Sword).

The lake is home to many historical landmarks, starting with the Turtle Tower, which is considered the symbol of Hoan Kiem Lake. It sits on a small island in the middle of the lake, and anyone who visits the lake is sure to stop by. The tower, designed in the French architectural style, began construction around 1884 and was completed in 1886. Its unique four-story design creates a stunning visual in the middle of the lake, standing still and serene, covered with moss, a testament to its enduring presence as a historical witness.

To the north, you can see Ngoc Son Temple, originally named Tượng Nhĩ, but renamed during the Tran Dynasty. The temple honors the deity Van Xương, who is responsible for overseeing the civil exams, and Tran Hung Dao, the national hero. In front of the temple stands the iconic The Huc Bridge, painted in bright red, which was built by scholar Nguyen Van Sieu in 1886. The name of the bridge, 'The Huc,' means 'where the sunlight reaches in the early morning.' The combination of Ngoc Son Temple and Hoan Kiem Lake creates a harmonious, ancient beauty that blends the human and natural worlds.

To the northeast, the Pen Tower stands tall, as if trying to sketch the sky with a giant pen. The tower has five levels, with the top shaped like a pen pointing upward, and its body inscribed with the characters 'Tả Thanh Thiên.' The Pen Tower, along with the Ink Stand, were both constructed in 1865 and are a reflection of the Vietnamese people's reverence for education and scholarship.

In addition to the aforementioned landmarks, Hoan Kiem Lake is also home to other notable structures such as the Hoa Phong Tower to the east, the Ba Kieu Temple to the northeast, which honors three female deities: Liễu Hạnh Princess, and the Second and Third Goddesses. There are also the Thuy Ta Pavilion and the temple dedicated to King Le.

The lake's ecosystem is not particularly special, but the most famous feature is the Hoan Kiem Turtle. Initially, there were four turtles, but all have passed away, with the last one dying in 2016 after being treated for injuries. This loss was the result of pollution caused by careless citizens who dumped trash into the lake, coupled with illegal turtle hunting.

Hoan Kiem Lake holds great significance for the people of Hanoi. It is not only a scenic spot but also a historical site that has witnessed many key events shaping the nation’s destiny. The lake carries immense cultural and spiritual value, etched into the memories of the people of Hanoi. When people think of Hanoi, they immediately think of the peaceful Hoan Kiem Lake, with its Turtle Tower and Ngoc Son Temple, exuding an ancient charm. It is no wonder that people refer to Hoan Kiem Lake as the 'beautiful heart' of Hanoi. Today, Hoan Kiem Lake is a popular tourist destination at the heart of Hanoi, attracting many visitors, and its surroundings provide an ideal place for leisurely walks for all ages.

While not the largest lake in the capital, Hoan Kiem Lake stands out for its historical importance and its timeless beauty, which has inspired countless works of literature and art. Hoan Kiem is both a historical monument and a scenic gem, with immense spiritual value to every Hanoi resident, standing as a calm anchor amidst the capital’s fast-paced, noisy life. If you ever get the chance, visit Hanoi and experience the unique beauty of Hoan Kiem Lake for yourself.

When you mention Hoan Kiem Lake, the famous lines of poetry come to mind: "Hoan Kiem Lake's emerald waters surround / Eternal, the soul of the lake, waiting for ages." Not only is this one of the most vibrant cultural spaces of Hanoi, but it also holds the heroic history of the nation. Situated in the bustling heart of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is a source of pride for the people of Hanoi.

Also known as Hoan Kiem Lake, its origins trace back to an era long before the Red River flowed through the city's heart. The river often changed its course, and as the Red River shifted, it created branches that flowed through streets like Hang Dao, Hai Ba Trung, and Ly Thuong Kiet, eventually forming the present-day lake.

Hoan Kiem Lake has been known by various names. It was once called Luc Thuy, due to its year-round crystal-clear waters. However, the name Hoan Kiem became associated with the legendary story of the Golden Turtle demanding the return of a sacred sword in the 15th century. According to the legend, during the resistance against the Minh invaders (1417-1422), Le Loi, the leader of the Lam Son uprising, obtained the sword named Thuan Thien. This sword accompanied him in his struggles for independence.

In 1428, after becoming the first king of the Le Dynasty, Le Loi was on a boat on Luc Thuy Lake when a giant golden turtle surfaced. As the king unsheathed the sword, the turtle took it in its mouth and dived into the water. Believing that the sword had been loaned by the heavens to defeat the enemy, the king allowed the turtle to claim it. This event led to the lake being named Hoan Kiem (Lake of the Returned Sword) or Hoan Kiem Lake. Later, during the Trinh-Nguyen civil war, the lake was briefly renamed as Vong Lake, divided into two parts: Ta Vong and Huu Vong. However, after the Ta Vong part was filled by the French, only Hoan Kiem Lake remained.

Located at the heart of Hanoi's ancient streets like Hang Ngang, Hang Dao, Luong Van Can, Trang Thi, and Trang Tien, Hoan Kiem Lake covers an area of approximately 12 hectares, making it one of Hanoi's most notable natural freshwater lakes. Stretching 700 meters from north to south and about 200 meters wide, the lake not only preserves the capital's rich cultural history but also helps to regulate the city's atmosphere. Visitors to the lake should not miss iconic landmarks like the Turtle Tower, The Huc Bridge, and Ngoc Son Temple.

Turtle Tower was constructed in the 19th century, between 1884 and 1886, in the French architectural style. The tower stands on a small island in the center of the lake, and consists of three levels resembling a watchtower. The first two levels have multiple arched windows, with three large windows and two smaller ones on the lower level. The third level has only one arched window. The tower is also home to the famous Hoan Kiem turtles, which have become rare and are listed as an endangered species in Vietnam. Whenever a turtle surfaces, it is believed to signify an important national event.

Ngoc Son Temple, originally located on an island in the northern part of Hoan Kiem Lake, was once called Tượng Nhĩ (Elephant Ear). It was renamed Ngoc Son during the reign of King Le. To reach the temple, visitors must cross the Thê Huc Bridge, a red arched bridge built in 1865 thanks to the contributions of scholar Nguyen Van Sieu.

In addition to these well-known landmarks, visitors to Hoan Kiem Lake should also explore the Pen Tower, the Ink Stand, and other architectural treasures. These captivating structures have made Hoan Kiem Lake an unmissable destination for both local and international tourists. It symbolizes the nation's enduring quest for peace.

Vietnam is a country rich in natural resources and breathtaking landscapes, blessed with magnificent scenic wonders. Yet, Hoan Kiem Lake stands as one of the country's most cherished and unforgettable landmarks, holding the essence of the nation's spirit and history.

Hoan Kiem Lake is well-known to all of us, a historical monument and a renowned scenic spot in Hanoi. Anyone who has visited this place would surely stop by the lake to admire its unique and ancient beauty.

Located at the heart of the capital, Hoan Kiem Lake is oval-shaped, surrounded by beautiful gardens. From a distance, the lake resembles a lovely flower vase. The lake is also called Luc Thuy (Green Water) due to its clear and emerald waters. It is also referred to as Hoan Kiem Lake or Tả Vọng Lake, names originating during the Le Dynasty. According to legend, after defeating the Minh invaders, King Le Loi was on a dragon boat when the Golden Turtle appeared from the lake to demand the return of his sword. The king returned the sword, and from that moment, the lake became known as Hoan Kiem (Returned Sword) or Hoan Gươm Lake, replacing the old name Tả Vọng.

Surrounding the lake are numerous trees such as banyans, phoenix trees, and others, along with expansive flower gardens. On the northern shore of the lake stands the Thuỷ Tạ restaurant, where visitors can relax, enjoy ice cream, and admire the picturesque view of the lake. In the middle of the lake is the Turtle Tower, an elegant and ancient structure with three levels, surrounded by a lush green lawn. Turtle Tower adds an indescribable beauty to the lake. On the northern shore is the Ngoc Son Temple, a popular destination for visitors, especially during the Lunar New Year when many come to offer prayers. Inside the temple, there is a large turtle on display, and it is connected to the shore by the curving, brightly painted Thê Húc Bridge. Further along is the Ink Stand and Pen Tower. The inscription on the Pen Tower features the words 'tả thanh thiên' (writing to the blue sky) by Nguyen Sieu. The area near the lake also features stone statues that emphasize the historical significance of the site.

Hoan Kiem Lake is both majestic and sacred. Surrounding the lake is a bustling residential area with many tall buildings. Starting from Dinh Tien Hoang Street, visitors can find the Hanoi Post Office. Nearby is the Chi Linh Flower Garden, where the impressive statue of King Le Thai To stands. Opposite the Thê Húc Bridge is the Bà Kiệu Temple, dating back to the 18th century, next to the Memorial of Martyrs, with statues of three soldiers holding bombs, prepared to protect the country. A short distance away is the Thang Long Puppet Theatre, where spectacular traditional performances are held. Further down on the right is the busy street of Hang Ngang and Hang Dao, where crowds bustle through like a lively festival.

Hoan Kiem Lake offers many enjoyable activities for all ages. Elderly people can be seen playing chess and discussing current events. It is also an ideal place to relax after a long day of work. Every morning, locals gather to exercise around the lake. Recently, the Hanoi-Ha Dong bus route near the lake has introduced a night walking street, which lights up with vibrant, colorful lights.

I am very proud to have been born here. Hoan Kiem Lake may not be as large or dazzling as many other landscapes, but it stands as a symbol of Hanoi, embodying the thousand-year-old culture and spirit of our nation.

Hoan Kiem Lake, resembling a beautiful flower arrangement in the heart of the city, is surrounded by streets such as Dinh Tien Hoang, Le Thai To, and Hang Khay, spanning approximately 1,800 meters. The water's surface acts like a large mirror, reflecting the majestic ancient trees, graceful willows with cascading branches, historical temples and pagodas, moss-covered towers, and towering modern buildings reaching into the sky.

The lake’s water remains a vivid green year-round, which is why it was once known as Luc Thuy (Green Water). According to legend, during the Lam Son Rebellion, Le Loi discovered a sacred sword that accompanied him throughout ten years of resistance against the Minh invaders (15th century). After reclaiming the city of Thang Long, King Le took a boat ride on the lake and encountered a golden turtle emerging from the water. The king showed the sword to his soldiers, but the turtle jumped up, grabbed the sword, and disappeared beneath the surface. The king considered this a good omen, believing that the turtle had lent him the sword during the battle, and now that peace had been restored, it was time for the sword to be returned. This is why the lake was named Hoan Kiem (Returned Sword), or simply Hoan Gươm.

The turtle is one of the four sacred creatures (dragon, unicorn, turtle, and phoenix) in Vietnamese cultural beliefs. This rare species of turtle still lives in the lake, occasionally surfacing, much to the delight of visitors who are fortunate enough to witness it. The lake contains two islands. The larger island is Ngoc Island, located on the northern shore, connected to it by the Thê Húc Bridge with its distinctive red, curving structure. The smaller island, Turtle Island, is located to the south of the lake and features an ancient tower surrounded by the shimmering waters.

Hoan Kiem Lake is a popular destination for visitors throughout the year. In spring, it is filled with traditional festivals and the vibrant bloom of peach blossoms. In summer, the lake is refreshed by cool breezes, providing relief from the scorching heat, while the hum of cicadas fills the air. In autumn, the misty mornings and the ethereal beauty of the willows enchant photographers. In winter, walking among the golden leaves, stepping lightly on the freshly fallen carpet, visitors experience the cool Southeast Asian chill, with raindrops gently falling.

Each season brings its own charm, and Hoan Kiem Lake forever remains a symbol of the glorious period of defending the nation and the enduring dream of peace that our ancestors fought for.

Our country boasts many beautiful landmarks, but none are as iconic as Hoan Kiem Lake when you arrive in Hanoi. Hoan Kiem Lake is not only known for its beauty but also for the legendary tales of the brave, unyielding struggle of our people throughout history. From ancient times to the present, Hoan Kiem Lake has remained, shining as a symbol of the beauty of our homeland. Countless international visitors have come to experience its magnificence.

What makes Hoan Kiem Lake special is its deep connection to legends and historical stories. At the heart of these stories is the sacred turtle, referred to in the legends as the Kim Quy (Golden Turtle). During the Ming occupation, the invaders caused great suffering to our people. Le Loi, leading a rebellion from Lam Son, initially struggled with limited forces and frequent defeats. However, the Dragon King decided to lend the rebel army a magical sword to help them defeat the enemy.

A fisherman named Le Than discovered a mysterious iron object three times while casting his net, which turned out to be a sword blade. Shortly after, Le Loi, while fleeing from the enemy, found the jeweled hilt of the sword on a banyan tree. When he matched the hilt with the blade found by Le Than, it became clear that this was the sacred sword. With the sword, the rebel army began to win every battle, eventually defeating the invading forces. A year after their victory, while sailing on the lake, Long Quân sent the Golden Turtle to retrieve the sword. From that moment, the lake was renamed Hoan Kiem (Returned Sword) or simply Hoan Gươm.

Visiting Hoan Kiem Lake offers not only a chance to enjoy the natural beauty of the surroundings but also to feel the echoes of history. Anyone who comes here is bound to think of the ancient legend of the lake and the heroic Le Loi with his magical sword. The lake is home to the Thê Húc Bridge and Ngoc Son Temple. The bridge, although short, is the only path leading to Ngoc Son Temple, with its graceful, curved design.

In the middle of the lake stands the Turtle Tower, which was built between 1884 and 1886 on Turtle Island and reflects French architectural influence. The tower is rectangular, with the first floor measuring 6.28 meters in length (on the east and west sides), each side featuring three doors. The width is 4.54 meters, with two doors on each side, and all doors are arched with pointed tops. The second floor is 4.8 meters long, 3.64 meters wide, and has similar architectural features to the first floor. The third floor is 2.97 meters long, 1.9 meters wide, and features a round window with a diameter of 0.68 meters and the inscription 'Quy Sơn Tháp' (Turtle Mountain Tower) above it. The top floor resembles a pavilion, square-shaped, with each side measuring 2 meters.

Ngoc Son Temple is located on the northern side of the lake, originally named Tượng Nhĩ. King Lý Thái Tổ renamed it Ngọc Tượng when he moved the capital to Thang Long. During the Tran dynasty, it was renamed Ngoc Son. A philanthropist named Tín Trai established the temple on the site of the former Thụy Khánh Palace, which was burned by Lê Chiêu Thống in 1787 as an act of revenge against the Trịnh lords. The temple is dedicated to Văn Xương, the star of literature and the imperial examination system, and also honors the national hero Trần Hưng Đạo. Surrounding the lake are other historical landmarks, including the Pen Tower, the Inkstone Platform, the Hoa Phong Tower, the Ba Kieu Temple, the Water Pavilion, and the temple dedicated to King Le. These sites have been well-maintained and renovated to enhance their beauty.

At Hoan Kiem Lake, we not only immerse ourselves in the historical landmarks but also experience the natural beauty of the area. The green willows, benches for rest, and peaceful lake waters all contribute to the serene atmosphere. The sound of birds singing adds a joyful note to the air.

The people here also add to the charm of the lake. Those who have visited can never forget the warm-hearted locals, the vendors sitting by the roadside earning a living, the elderly and children resting on benches, enjoying the cool breeze and the beauty of the lake at night. Lovers stroll hand-in-hand around the lake, while groups of people gather for outdoor exercise, creating a lively and vibrant scene. Hoan Kiem Lake embraces them all, whether they are working, sightseeing, relaxing, or exercising, making the atmosphere even more energetic.

Despite the passage of time and the many stages of national development, Hoan Kiem Lake remains beautiful and continues to be a top tourist destination, both for locals and foreigners alike. The lake not only showcases ancient beauty with the Turtle Tower but also represents modernity.

Hoan Kiem Lake, often referred to as Ho Guom, has long been intertwined with the history of the Vietnamese people, holding a significant place in their spiritual lives. The tranquil, emerald waters of the lake lie nestled between ancient streets and bustling roads, providing an open space for local cultural activities. Amidst Hanoi’s vibrant heart, Ho Guom stands as a proud landmark, a floral gem in the city's center.

The lake has existed for millennia, dating back to when the Red River coursed through the land. During ancient times, the river frequently altered its course, passing through streets such as Hang Dao, Hai Ba Trung, and Ly Thuong Kiet, eventually forming what is now Hoan Kiem Lake. Initially, it was known by various names, with 'Lake Luc Thuy' being used due to its perpetually green waters. The name Hoan Kiem began to emerge in the 15th century, linked to the legend of the golden turtle reclaiming the sacred sword.

According to legend, during the fight against the Ming army (1417-1427), Le Loi, leader of the Lam Son uprising, discovered a sword inscribed with the name Thuận Thiên, which aided him in restoring independence. In 1428, after ascending to the throne as King Le Thai To, while boating on the lake, a golden turtle emerged, snatched the sword from the king, and sank into the water. Believing it was a divine act, the king renamed the lake 'Hoan Kiem,' meaning 'Return the Sword.' In the late 16th century, Lord Trinh divided the lake into two parts, calling the western part 'Vọng,' which was eventually filled in, leaving the current lake known as Ho Guom.

Six centuries ago, based on maps from the Hong Duc period, Hoan Kiem Lake was made up of two branches, extending from the area where the Red River flowed through to the Hang Chuoi area, joining the main river’s path. Today, Ho Guom lies at the heart of Hanoi, surrounded by historic streets like Hang Ngang and Hang Dao, as well as French-inspired streets such as Trang Thi, Trang Tien, and Hang Bai.

Covering 12 hectares, Ho Guom is a natural freshwater lake, stretching 700 meters north to south and 200 meters east to west. Its central location in the city makes it a prominent spot, not necessarily the largest lake, but an important cultural, tourist, and community hub. The lake is also home to famous landmarks like the Turtle Tower, Ngoc Son Temple, and the Thê Húc Bridge.

The Turtle Tower, constructed from 1884 to 1886, stands on Turtle Island (Quy Son) in the middle of the lake. Its design reflects French architectural influences, featuring three tiers and a square pavilion at the top. The tower not only serves as an aesthetic monument but also provides a habitat for turtles to bask and lay eggs. These large turtles, rarely seen on the surface, are believed to appear only in times of national importance. In 2011, the last surviving turtle, known as the 'Grandfather Turtle,' was rescued and treated for injuries. These turtles are now a protected species in Vietnam.

Ho Guom is home to two small islands: Quy Son, housing the Turtle Tower, and Ngoc Son Island, where Ngoc Son Temple is located. The temple, originally named Tượng Nhĩ (elephant ear), was renamed Ngoc Tượng by King Ly Thai To when he moved the capital to Thang Long, and later became Ngoc Son Temple during the Tran Dynasty. The temple is accessed via the Thê Húc Bridge, a stunning red archway built in 1865 by scholar Nguyen Van Sieu.

Besides these landmarks, the lake is surrounded by other notable structures such as the Pen Tower and Inkstand. These features explain why Hoan Kiem Lake is such a significant tourist attraction, evoking nostalgia for those who have left Hanoi and inspiring countless poets, musicians, and artists. Ultimately, the lake embodies Vietnam's rich history, a symbol of peace and the unity of the people.

As modern development progresses, new architectural wonders may rise, but the soul of Hanoi, captured in the serene spirit of Ho Guom, remains ever-present. A walk around the lake reveals carefully manicured lawns, stone embankments, and well-placed trees, all of which highlight the deep connection between the lake and the people of Hanoi. Preserving these cultural treasures is essential for future generations.

Hoan Kiem Lake is one of Hanoi's most iconic landmarks, located in the heart of the city. Anyone visiting Hanoi from afar is sure to want to see the lake. Standing beneath the graceful willows, one can admire the lake's mirror-like surface, with the ancient Turtle Tower rising from the water and the Ngoc Son Temple at the shore, connected by the red, arching Thê Húc Bridge. Nearby, the Pen Tower and Inkstand symbolize Hanoi's thousand years of cultural heritage.

The lake is believed to have formed due to a shift in the course of the Red River. The water in the lake is green year-round, which led to its original name, 'Luc Thuy' (Green Water). Some researchers suggest a particular type of algae may be responsible for this color. In the 15th century, when King Le Thai To returned the sacred sword to the golden turtle in the lake, it was renamed Hoan Kiem, or the Lake of the Returned Sword. The lake was also known as the 'Naval Lake' during the time when the navy trained there.

The area surrounding the lake is filled with trees that provide shade, ornamental plants, and flower beds, essentially forming a park that surrounds the lake. Every day, people come to take a stroll, meet friends, or rest on the benches, enjoying the calm waters, the red flowers of the phoenix trees, and the willows swaying gently in the breeze. It offers a peaceful retreat from the bustling city life.

In the middle of the lake stands an island known as 'Dieu Dai,' which was once a fishing spot for the king. By the late 19th century, the Turtle Tower was constructed, becoming an emblem of Hanoi. During the winter months, after the cold spell lifts, the weather warms, and the sun breaks through. On these days, large turtles often surface near the tower, basking in the sun, with some even lifting their shells, up to a meter in diameter, above the water. This is why the tower is called the Turtle Tower. The author of this article has often stood by the lake, watching the turtles bask in the sun, and the memory of this scene evokes nostalgic poetry.

Remembering Hanoi

I’ve been away for so long, never making it back to Hanoi

How I long for the lake at dawn’s first light

Turtles basking around the tower’s base

Willows swaying, casting their shadows on the water.

The Ngoc Son Temple, located on the northern shore, has an interesting history. In the Vinh Huu period, Lord Trinh Giang built the Khánh Thụy Palace on Ngoc Island, near the lake, as a place to cool off in the summer. Later, Lord Trinh Doanh constructed the Ngoc Boi mound on the lake shore to commemorate a military victory. By the 19th century, the Ngoc Son Temple was built on the site of the Khánh Thụy Palace. Over time, the temple stopped worshiping Buddha and began honoring the Taoist deity Văn Xương and the national hero Trần Quốc Tuấn, thus becoming the Ngoc Son Temple. In 1864, the prominent scholar Nguyễn Văn Siêu constructed the Pen Tower and Inkstand near the temple’s entrance. Local folklore expresses national pride with the following verse:

'The Pen Tower and Inkstand remain unchanged

Who built this land, this nation?'

Today, the Pen Tower and Inkstand still stand, 'writing poetry in the skies.' To visit the temple, one must cross a wooden bridge, painted in a bright red hue, called the Thê Húc Bridge. A large banyan tree, planted long ago, provides shade that covers the entire temple. The temple is divided into three sections: the front hall for worship, the middle for Văn Xương, and the rear for Trần Quốc Tuấn. The Ba Dinh Guard stands before the front hall, facing south towards the Turtle Tower.

Today, Hoan Kiem Lake remains a historical landmark for Vietnam. As of early 2004, the lake has been experiencing a decrease in water levels. To protect the lake’s ecosystem, including its turtles and other creatures, clean water is being transported to the lake to restore its levels. The people of Hanoi, along with the entire nation, hope that this symbol of Hanoi’s rich history and culture will be preserved, maintained, and beautified for future generations, fulfilling the poet's vision of it as 'a beautiful flower basket at the heart of Hanoi.'

Vietnam is a country with a rich cultural heritage, and over 1,000 years of Thang Long history remain engraved in the hearts of its people. Among the many scenic spots in the country, Hoan Kiem Lake is undoubtedly one of the most famous.

Located in the Hoan Kiem District in the center of Hanoi, the lake was once connected to the Red River. Over time, it has been known by various names: Tả Vọng Lake, Luc Thuy Lake. In the 15th century, it was officially called Hoan Kiem Lake or the Lake of the Returned Sword, linked to the legend of King Le Loi returning the magical sword to the Golden Turtle after defeating the invading Ming army and restoring peace. The lake spans about 20 hectares and serves as a link between the Old Quarter and the French Quarter. The water of the lake remains green throughout the year, and the trees surrounding it cast beautiful reflections on the water. The lake is home to a variety of creatures, including the famous giant turtle that lived there for many years.

The Hoan Kiem Lake complex is a truly unique historical site, attracting many visitors. At the center of the lake stands the Turtle Tower, built between 1884 and 1886 in the French architectural style. The tower is rectangular, with three stories and three doors on each side. The ancient tower, covered in moss, creates a striking visual contrast with the jade-colored lake. To the northeast of the lake are the Pen Tower and Inkstand, built in 1865. The Pen Tower has five stories, resembling a pen pointing to the sky, hence its name. The tower is inscribed with the phrase 'Tả Thanh Thiên,' meaning 'Writing to the Blue Sky.' The Inkstand is a stone base supported by three frog-shaped legs, with an inscription etched on its inclined body.

No discussion of Hoan Kiem Lake would be complete without mentioning the Thê Húc Bridge and Ngoc Son Temple. The Thê Húc Bridge, built by Nguyễn Văn Siêu in 1865, derives its name from a poetic meaning, 'Where the sun rises in the morning.' The bridge leads to Ngoc Son Temple, located on the northern shore of the lake. The temple is dedicated to the national hero Trần Hưng Đạo and Văn Xương, the patron deity of education. Additionally, there is the Hoa Phong Tower on the eastern shore of the lake, which is the last remaining relic of the Bao An Pagoda. The tower, with two levels, was constructed to honor King Le, and its statue of the king holding a sword represents the beautiful legend of the past. For a perfect view of the lake, Thuy Ta Pavilion is an excellent spot.

The entire Hoan Kiem Lake area is relatively small, yet it boasts uniquely intricate and meaningful architecture. It stands as a symbol of Hanoi and Vietnam, preserving the cultural legacy of the nation. Over the years, the lake has been a silent witness to the ups and downs of the country's history. Today, it is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from both within the country and abroad. The pedestrian street near the lake becomes lively every weekend. However, the lake faces pollution issues, largely due to human negligence, with waste being discarded into the lake, affecting its ecosystem. As Vietnamese citizens, we must be more responsible in preserving this cultural heritage, which represents the beauty and history of our land and is a vital symbol of the Vietnamese people.

From the north to the south, Vietnam is filled with majestic mountains, golden forests, and vast seas, with many famous landmarks that attract thousands of tourists each year. Despite this, Hoan Kiem Lake, peaceful, simple, yet stunning, remains one of the top destinations for those who cherish the country's culture and people.

Hoan Kiem Lake, with its emerald waters and drifting clouds, is a place where the leaves rustle in the breeze, and the flowers smile under the moonlight. The iconic Ba Dinh Square has stood for centuries, with the ancient Turtle Tower at its heart, covered in moss and adding a mysterious charm to the lake. Throughout the seasons, the lake mirrors the essence of poetry – chrysanthemums in autumn, summer winds, and the first buds of spring. The people who visit, however, always carry the memory of the lake in their hearts, promising to return again to Hoan Kiem.

To the people of Vietnam, Hoan Kiem Lake is not just a physical place, but a symbol of national identity. It is both a spiritual sanctuary and a popular tourist destination, revered for its serene beauty, rich history, and timeless appeal.

Located in the heart of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem is a natural freshwater lake covering an area of 12 hectares. It has a shallow depth, averaging between 1 to 1.4 meters, with a shoreline stretching about 1750 meters. Over the course of history, Hoan Kiem Lake has gone through various name changes – from being called Lục Thủy Lake (Green Water) due to its clear, green waters year-round, to Hồ Thủy Quân (Military Water Lake) in the era of fighting water soldiers. During the later Lê Dynasty, it was known as Hồ Tả Vọng and Hồ Hữu Vọng, until it became Hoan Kiem, or the Lake of the Returned Sword, as per the famous legend of King Lê returning a magical sword to a golden turtle.

Legend has it that a fisherman named Lê Thận from Thanh Hoa caught a sword hilt and offered it to King Lê Lợi. At the same time, King Lê Lợi, while traveling in the woods, found a sword blade that fit perfectly with the hilt. With this sword, he led the Lam Sơn uprising, defeating the Ming invaders and becoming emperor. Later, while boating on the lake, the king saw a beam of light rising from the depths, followed by a golden turtle that surfaced and told the king, 'Please return the sword to the Dragon King.' From that moment, the lake was named Hoan Kiem, the Lake of the Returned Sword.

About six centuries ago, according to maps from the Hồng Đức period, much of the area surrounding the capital city was water. Hoan Kiem Lake was a branch of the Red River, passing through what are now streets like Hàng Đào, Hai Bà Trưng, and Lý Thường Kiệt. The lake then flowed into the main branch of the Red River. Today, the lake sits at the junction between the Old Quarter, with streets like Hàng Ngang and Hàng Đào, and the French-influenced Western Quarter, which includes landmarks like St. Joseph’s Cathedral, Bảo Khánh, and Tràng Tiền. This central location adds to the lake's allure for both locals and visitors.

At the center of the lake stands the Turtle Tower, the most distinctive symbol of Hoan Kiem. Built between 1884 and 1886 on Turtle Mound, the tower is a striking example of French architectural influence. It has a rectangular shape with four tiers. The first and second levels feature arched windows, while the third level has a single round window on the eastern side. The top tier is like a square observation tower. Surrounded by the lake’s clear waters, the Turtle Tower is a place of tranquility, covered in moss and offering a sense of solitude. It is also a resting place for the turtles that lay their eggs there, with some of the turtles being recorded in Vietnam's Red Book. The locals affectionately call them 'Cụ Rùa' (the Great Turtle). When the turtle rises, it is believed to signal significant national events. In recent years, due to pollution, the turtles have been rescued and treated for their injuries.

Ngọc Sơn Temple, located on the northern side of the lake, was once known as Tượng Nhĩ (Elephant Ear). When King Lý Thái Tổ moved the capital to Thăng Long, he renamed it Ngọc Tượng, and later, during the Trần Dynasty, it became Ngọc Sơn. The temple, built by a philanthropist named Tín Trai on the ruins of the Thuỵ Khánh Palace, honors the god Văn Xương, the star patron of literature and exams, as well as the national hero Trần Hưng Đạo. The temple is a sacred site where people come to pray for blessings, especially during holidays and festivals.

The graceful Thê Húc Bridge, shaped like a curved shrimp, leads to the entrance of Ngọc Sơn Temple. Built in 1865 by the scholar Nguyễn Văn Siêu, the bridge's name means 'where the first rays of the morning sun light up.' The bridge is also a romantic spot where couples meet and celebrate their love.

On the northeastern shore of the lake, near Nam Hương Temple, stands the Đài Nghiên (Ink Stand), which was constructed in 1865. The five-tiered tower symbolizes a brush pointing towards the sky, with three characters 'Tả Thanh Thiên' (Writing to the Sky) engraved on the third tier. Many students visit the Ink Stand to pray for success in their exams, adding to its sacred atmosphere.

On the western shore of the lake, near the Nam Hương Temple, stands the Lê Temple, dedicated to King Lê Thái Tổ. The temple features a statue of the king holding a sword as if about to strike the lake’s surface. The statue serves as a powerful reminder of the glorious victories of the Lê Dynasty. The lake’s shore is also a place where visitors can enjoy local games and purchase affordable souvenirs that capture the beauty of the lake. The people of Hanoi are known for their friendliness and hospitality.

Although not the largest lake in Hanoi, Hoan Kiem is undeniably one of the most beautiful. Its ancient charm and historical significance make it an unforgettable part of the capital's identity, and it continues to inspire artists and poets alike. As Nguyễn Khuyến once wrote:

Hanoi has Hoan Kiem Lake,
The waters are as green as ink,
Beside the lake, the Pen Tower stands,
Writing poetry to the sky...

Hoan Kiem Lake is truly a national treasure worth admiring. Though visitors come and go, its memories and spirit remain etched in their hearts forever.

When we talk about our beloved capital, Hanoi, we might mention the One Pillar Pagoda—its lotus shape rising from the thousand-year-old mud, symbolizing the nation's resilience—or Khuê Văn Các, a precious gem of our scholarly tradition... But we most often mention Hoan Kiem Lake, nestled in the heart of Hanoi, a city of culture, peace, and a thousand years of civilization. The Turtle Tower represents the aspiration for peace, while the Pen Tower signifies our cultural heritage. With just these two symbols, Hoan Kiem Lake already deserves to be the heart of our capital! That's why we chose this iconic place as the starting point for this meaningful program. Hoan Kiem Lake not only beautifies Hanoi but is also a hallmark of the thousand-year history of Thang Long—our ancient capital. Ladies and gentlemen, we are here at Hoan Kiem Lake, where you can admire the Turtle Tower, Ngoc Son Temple, and the surrounding points of interest.

Before we dive deeper into Hoan Kiem Lake, please take a moment to look out over the water, and allow me to share a verse from the poem 'Lai Ve' by the late poet To Huu: 'Hoan Kiem Lake, green and serene, with the eternal soul of water awaiting all this time. Now, the national flag flies over the Turtle Tower, the star reflecting on the lake's surface.' The spirit of water represents the soul of the country, the essence of Vietnam's tradition and character.

According to the poet, Hoan Kiem Lake embodies the physical form of this spirit, reminding us of the proud history of our nation. Hoan Kiem Lake is a sacred space for both Hanoi and the entire country. Spanning 12 hectares, it is 700 meters long from north to south and 200 meters wide from east to west. Geologically, it is the remnant of the Red River, which once wound deep into this land thousands of years ago. It’s a place where history and nature intertwine. The lake's name, Hoan Kiem, has only existed for about a century. Before that, it was known as Luc Thuy Lake (Green Water), as the water was green year-round.

The story goes that during his battle against the invading Ming forces, King Le Thai To discovered a magical sword. He carried it throughout his ten-year campaign, ultimately defeating the enemy and reclaiming independence. One day, while sailing on Luc Thuy Lake, a golden turtle appeared, taking the sword and sinking into the water. Believing it was a divine sign that the sword was returned to the heavens after fulfilling its purpose, the king renamed the lake to Hoan Kiem, meaning 'Lake of the Returned Sword'. This legendary tale symbolizes the Vietnamese people's desire for peace—after fighting for independence, we laid down our weapons and turned to peaceful pursuits. As King Le declared, 'Our people will no longer forge weapons but will dedicate our efforts to building a peaceful, prosperous life.'

The legend also carries a deeper meaning—according to popular belief, the sword symbolizes fire, and immersing it in water represents the harmony of fire and water. Hanoi is a land steeped in legends, with tales dating back to the time of King Ly Thai To, who saw a dragon rising from the water when his boat landed at the foot of Dai La Citadel. The story of the returned sword is a perfect example of how legend and reality combine to create the distinctive identity of Thang Long—ancient Hanoi.

Hoan Kiem Lake has been called by various names throughout history. The lake was once so vast that it was referred to as Vong Lake, divided into two parts: Left and Right Vong. According to historical records, during the reign of King Le, soldiers searched the lake for the golden turtle, but when they couldn’t find it, they created a dam, splitting the lake into two halves. The northern part was called Left Vong, and the southern part became Right Vong. Over time, the southern part was filled in, and the lake we see today is the result of these changes. During the reign of the Trinh Lords, the lake was also used as a site for naval training and became known as the Water Army Lake. Today, Hoan Kiem Lake remains a beloved, serene spot in the heart of Hanoi, surrounded by lush trees. Poets have described it as 'the emerald waves of the lake,' with trees like the eyelashes of a young girl. As you gaze at the Turtle Tower from here, you see a symbol that has long been a cherished part of Hanoi's identity.

The Turtle Tower, built in the late 19th century, stands proudly on a small island in the middle of the lake. It’s named after the turtles that once inhabited the lake, often seen basking in the sun or laying eggs on the island. The island, known as Quy Son, is only about 60 cm above the water, but according to Feng Shui, even a small height can be considered a mountain. The story of the tower’s construction is also intriguing. In 1884, a French collaborator named Ba Kim sought to build a tower on the island and secretly buried his parents’ remains there, believing it would bring eternal glory. Although the plan was unsuccessful, he promised to build the tower, which the French later named the Ba Kim Tower, but locals still refer to it as the Turtle Tower.

While the story of Ba Kim is just a folk tale, it adds to the mystical aura of the Turtle Tower. The tower is rectangular, with three levels and an upper platform. The first floor has 10 arched windows, while the second floor is smaller and the third even smaller with a single round window. The top is a small observation platform. Over the centuries, the Turtle Tower has become a symbol of Hanoi’s soul, a part of the city’s heart and spirit. Near the Turtle Tower is Ngoc Son Temple, another iconic site of the lake. The temple is located on Ngoc Island, where legend has it that immortals once bathed. The temple was built during the Tran Dynasty and was later renovated during the reign of the Nguyen Dynasty. It is a serene, sacred place that embodies the history of Hanoi.

For the people of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is not just a scenic spot—it’s part of their daily life. On New Year's Eve, people gather around the lake to celebrate the new year, and newlyweds come to take photos. In the summer, the lake becomes a cool retreat from the heat. The vibrant colors of the purple-flowered trees and red phoenix flowers, along with the lush greenery, create a stunning scene. In the fall, the lake becomes even more beautiful, with willow trees swaying in the breeze and the golden sunlight reflecting off the water. Hoan Kiem Lake is a place for locals and visitors alike to relax and appreciate the beauty of Hanoi.

Today, Hoan Kiem Lake continues to attract both domestic and international tourists, offering not only natural beauty but also cultural and historical significance. It is our responsibility to preserve and protect this treasure, ensuring that it remains a source of pride for future generations.

Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is not only the political center of the country but also a historical landmark filled with stories of loss and triumph. When one speaks of Hanoi, it evokes memories of beautiful places that all Vietnamese long to visit. Among these landmarks is Hoan Kiem Lake.

Hoan Kiem Lake is more than just a stunning natural attraction in Hanoi; it is a historical monument of great significance. The lake is linked to the legend of Le Loi, the Lam Son uprising, and the divine turtle that helped free Vietnam from the Ming invaders. The story of Le Loi returning the magical sword to the turtle gave the lake its name, Hoan Kiem (or Hoan Kiem Lake), replacing the old name, Luc Thuy Lake. The lake is home to two islands: Ngoc Island and Turtle Island. In the early 19th century, a pagoda was built on Ngoc Island, originally called Ngoc Son Pagoda, but later renamed Ngoc Son Temple after it started honoring the deities Văn Xương and Trần Hưng Đạo. In 1864, the Pen Tower (Thap But) was constructed on a hill opposite Ngoc Island.

Hoan Kiem Lake is a natural freshwater lake with an area of 12 hectares and its water remains perpetually green. The lake connects the ancient quarters of Hanoi, such as Hàng Ngang, Hàng Đào, and Cầu Gỗ, with French-designed districts like Tràng Thi, Bảo Khánh, Nhà Thờ, Đinh Tiên Hoàng, Tràng Tiền, Hàng Khay, and Bà Triệu. One cannot visit Hoan Kiem Lake without noticing the Turtle Tower, a symbol of the lake. Built in the center of the lake, this four-story tower exhibits French architectural influences, with each level showcasing a similar design and gracefully arched windows.

The Turtle Tower stands as a monument of historical and spiritual significance not just for the people of Hanoi but for all Vietnamese. Visitors to the lake often take the time to cross the red Thê Húc Bridge leading to Ngoc Son Temple. The combination of the temple and the lake creates a harmonious architectural unity, symbolizing the relationship between humanity and nature. In addition to the Turtle Tower, Hoan Kiem Lake is home to other important sites, including the Pen Tower, the Inkstand, and the Le Kings Temple. Over the years, the lake has witnessed numerous royal ceremonies and historical events. Its architectural and historical importance has made it a top destination for both local and international tourists.

For the people of Hanoi, Hoan Kiem Lake is more than a scenic stop or a place to enjoy a cool breeze. It is a beloved part of their lives, symbolizing their connection to history. Much like the Long Bien Bridge and other landmarks in Hanoi, the lake holds a special place in the hearts of the locals. Moreover, Hoan Kiem Lake’s central location further enhances its significance, serving as a link between key districts and representing the vibrancy of Hanoi.

This central role has led to the lake hosting many significant national events. The refreshing, clear water provides comfort during the hot summer months, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists seeking respite from the heat. Every summer, Hoan Kiem Lake attracts many visitors, and today, it is especially popular with young people, particularly students, who come here to practice speaking with international tourists.

In conclusion, Hoan Kiem Lake is not only a scenic spot but also a historical monument, a cherished part of Hanoi’s identity. It is a place for both relaxation and reflection, where visitors can experience the deep connection between the lake, the city, and its people. Hoan Kiem Lake is truly a treasure of Hanoi.

Our country is blessed with many beautiful landscapes, and each region has its own unique landmarks. One such famous site in our nation is Hoan Kiem Lake. Anyone visiting Hanoi must visit this historic lake, which is not only admired for its natural beauty, with its clear water and elegant willow trees, but also holds great historical significance. It is a symbol of Hanoi's rich heritage.

What makes Hoan Kiem Lake special is its combination of beauty and historical importance. The legend tells that during the Ming invasion of Vietnam, the Vietnamese people suffered greatly under the invaders. Le Loi, the leader of the Lam Son rebellion, initially faced overwhelming odds. However, the Heavenly Dragon King granted him a magical sword, and with its power, he was able to defeat the invaders. After the victory, Le Loi returned the sword to the Dragon King, and the lake was subsequently named Hoan Kiem, or Lake of the Returned Sword.

There are two islands in the lake: Ngoc Island and Turtle Island. In the early 19th century, a pagoda was built on Ngoc Island and named Ngoc Son Pagoda. Later, it became a temple to honor the gods, including the famous general Tran Hung Dao. In 1864, the Pen Tower was constructed on the nearby Ngoc Boi Hill, opposite Ngoc Island. The lake area also features the beautiful Thê Húc Bridge leading to Ngoc Son Temple. The surrounding area is equally stunning, with willow trees, benches for visitors to rest, and the peaceful sounds of birds and the calm lake water.

Hoan Kiem Lake is not only a historical landmark but also a place where modern life blends with nature. Visitors, from elderly people to young couples, enjoy the serenity of the lake in different ways. Some relax on the benches, others stroll along the lake, and some even exercise to the sound of music. The vibrant atmosphere adds life to this timeless space. Hoan Kiem Lake, while maintaining its ancient charm, continues to be a popular tourist attraction for both domestic and international visitors.