Top 16 Explanatory Essays on Rubber Sandals During the Resistance War (Grade 8)

In the elegant display cabinet holding war memorabilia, there is a pair of worn-out rubber sandals from my grandfather's time during the French Resistance. After much pleading, he finally took them out for me to see. These sandals, now old and worn, are described by my grandfather as 'My companion for 10 years during the war. The straps were replaced three times, but the soles remain as they were.'

The sandals have two main parts: the sole and the strap. The sole is made from rubber cut from an old car tire, black and about half the width of a finger. When held in hand, it feels heavy, but once worn, it is surprisingly comfortable. Due to my grandfather's frequent use, the sole no longer shows traces of its original tire tread, instead it forms a gentle curve, skillfully cut to fit the shape of the foot.

The strap: Made from an inner tube (also known as a tire's inner lining), its width is about the size of a finger, with the length adjusted according to foot size. An interesting fact is that these sandals do not require sewing. Instead, a metal clasp is used to secure the strap, which is then threaded through a punched hole. Thanks to the elasticity of the rubber, the strap stays firmly in place, even when the wearer stumbles, never coming loose.

According to those who served President Ho Chi Minh, he always wore rubber sandals. It is said that he had a pair of sandals for a long time, with the straps replaced several times, and the soles became so worn that the prints of his toes were left on them. His attendants once discussed getting him a new pair of sandals, but upon realizing they had hidden the old ones, the president insisted on keeping his worn sandals, saying 'These hurt my feet, please return the old ones.' His love for the old pair was so strong that they had no choice but to return them to him.

Thus, rubber sandals became a symbol in the fighting spirit of a nation. Initially worn by soldiers of the People's Army, soon they became the footwear of choice for all who participated in the resistance. The rubber sandals are now a historical symbol, immortalized in literature. Poet Trần Hữu Thung wrote in his poem 'Visiting the Rice Fields': 'The rice clings to my sandal.'

This verse describes the image of a husband, a farmer, leaving for the fields, his sandals almost lost amidst the thick rice stalks. How could the sandals come off in such conditions?

Our nation's history has been marked by countless hardships and dangers, which is why the soldiers' gear had to be exceptionally compact. In our minds, the image of soldiers from the resistance often includes the iconic small frog backpack, the conical hat, the green uniform, and the liberation scarves, but we must also mention the rubber sandals. Though seemingly insignificant, these sandals played a vital role for our soldiers, who gave their all for the country.

To begin with, the origin of these rubber sandals. They were created from what was already available on the battlefield. Due to the harsh conditions of war, our people showed remarkable creativity in making use of what would otherwise be discarded. The soles of the sandals were cut from worn-out car tires, and the straps came from the inner tubes of tires. Most of these sandals were black and customized to fit the size of the wearer's feet. Even under the extreme circumstances of war, our people were remarkably inventive. This also meant that the soldiers didn't have to spend much money on footwear but could reuse what was no longer useful. Each sandal had four straps, which were threaded through holes at the bottom of the sandal.

As for the functionality and features of the rubber sandals, they were easy to make, affordable, and versatile enough for any terrain, whether scaling a mountain, wading through streams, or walking along muddy roads. The straps fit snugly around the feet, ensuring comfort even on long marches. These sandals were particularly suited to both the hot, dry weather and the constant rains. On sunny days, they kept the feet cool, and during the rain, they prevented water from soaking through. They were also easy to clean, as a quick rinse with water would wash away the mud. Moreover, these sandals became synonymous with the image of our soldiers fighting for independence.

The soldiers, who faced rough terrain, climbing mountains and crossing rivers, found the rubber sandals invaluable. Not only did they prevent slips while crossing streams, but they also allowed the soldiers to run swiftly, without worrying about stepping on dangerous objects on the ground. It is clear that these sandals symbolize the simplicity and practicality of the soldiers' life on the battlefield.

Additionally, these sandals were closely associated with the modest image of President Ho Chi Minh. They exemplified his humility, as he was never seen without them, whether in the northern mountains or in the capital. No matter who he met, from ordinary people to international leaders, President Ho always wore his beloved rubber sandals. As poet Tố Hữu once wrote about them, reflecting deep affection and respect:

“The old sandals, worn at the straps and heels,

Unfailingly accompanied Uncle Ho through the world”

Thus, we can see that the rubber sandals, through their simplicity and practicality, became an iconic part of our national history. Not only did they represent the resourcefulness and creativity of our people, but they also symbolized the dignified image of our soldiers, with President Ho Chi Minh standing as their most prominent representative.

The rubber sandals were worn by the liberation army during the Vietnam War. Due to the economic hardships in North Vietnam at the time, there were not enough materials to produce shoes for the military, so used car and truck tires were repurposed into sandals for soldiers on marches. These sandals were not only cheap but also practical for the guerilla warfare tactics, being lightweight. They first appeared in the 1950s, made from the curved shape of car tires, with straps made of rubber bands threaded through narrow slots in the sole. The sandals had four rubber straps, two crossing over the top and two running parallel on the bottom. They became a symbol of the soldiers’ resilience during the war. By the 1980s, they had become a symbol for veterans of the American War, alongside the iconic “Truong Son sticks.”

For those of us from the 5x, 6x, and 7x generations, these rubber sandals are a childhood memory. Made from the curved tires of cars, with rubber straps passing through small slots on the sole, they were simple yet surprisingly durable. We often carried a metal hook in our bags to reattach the strap if it broke. A friend’s sandals breaking were sometimes a great opportunity to strike up a conversation. These rubber sandals were with us through school, work, and even play. The sandals could slip off, but we would always get by together.

More than just footwear, these sandals became a symbol of the difficult yet beautiful years, full of affection and human connection. Through hardship, we survived and worked together. We lived through the harrowing years of war, with the memory of these rubber sandals echoing from the battlefields.

Now that the war is over, neither we nor our children need these sandals anymore. We hope those painful years remain in the past, and that war never returns to this land. Let the rubber sandals remain a distant memory, reminding us to cherish the peace we have today.

"The simple sandals of Uncle Ho"

Uncle Ho walked from the war zone to the homeland,

Through the streets, the battlefields, and the countryside factories

All leaving the footprints of Uncle Ho, oh Uncle Ho."

The sandals mentioned in the song above are the rubber sandals that Uncle Ho used for more than two decades, from 1947 until his passing. It’s rare to find a country like Vietnam, where so many things that seem simple and modest become symbols with profound spiritual values, such as the image of rice paddies, bamboo groves, the plowing ox, and even a rubber sandal becoming an iconic image. It symbolizes a heroic and difficult period of Vietnam’s resistance against imperialism.

There is no specific time for the creation of the rubber sandal, but it is known that the idea for it came from Colonel Ha Van Lau. In 1947, he saw his comrade Nguyen Van Sau with a worn-out tire and suggested cutting it into parts to make sandals in the style of the sandals we see today, which are widely popular among young people. This idea likely stemmed from the harsh and inadequate conditions during the war when soldiers had to go barefoot or wear poorly made shoes that didn’t protect their feet. With the durability and resilience of rubber, these sandals could withstand sharp objects like glass shards, nails, and hot coals, providing much-needed foot protection in times when medical care was limited. Even a small wound could lead to great struggles for the soldiers. These sandals went by many names, such as rubber sandals, Ho sandals, or tire sandals.

The rubber sandal became a famous symbol of the soldiers of Ho Chi Minh during the wars against the French and Americans. It represents the hardships and shortages of material goods, but also the virtuous qualities of the Vietnamese people. A nation may lack material wealth but has never lacked creativity or fighting strength. The people were always ready to overcome difficult circumstances and fight for their independence. Notably, President Ho Chi Minh himself was very fond of the rubber sandals due to their practicality and durability, in line with his frugal lifestyle. For over 20 years, Uncle Ho used the same pair of sandals, even repairing them when they were damaged. In the end, these sandals became a legendary symbol of simplicity, frugality, and the revolutionary life of Ho Chi Minh.

Because of its deep connection to a glorious historical period and to President Ho Chi Minh and revolutionary soldiers, the rubber sandal is one of the rare objects depicted in works of art. The most famous portrayal is the song "The Sandals of Uncle Ho" by composer Van An. There is also a report titled "The Sandals of a Thousand Miles," which reflects on the rubber sandal with the words: "These sandals are very simple, humble, and modest, but they carry profound meaning, just like the life of our beloved Uncle Ho. The rubber sandals are closely associated with his revolutionary life, serving the people and the nation. Today, these sandals have become a sacred and priceless relic of our nation." An interesting fact is that the rubber sandals, paired with the green military uniform and military belt, became a fashion trend in the 1970s and 80s.

The rubber sandal is designed similarly to ordinary sandals, with two cross straps over the foot and two more across the ankle to keep them in place while walking. The sole is flat and thick, with the outer surface of the tire providing excellent anti-slip properties. Making a pair of rubber sandals is relatively simple; the main materials are used tires and inner tubes. The central part of the tire is cut to fit the shape of the foot, then eight holes are punched for the straps. The straps are made from the inner tube, cut into strips about 1-1.5 cm wide and 12-15 cm long, depending on foot size. These strips are threaded through the holes in the sole, and thanks to the stretch of the rubber, no glue or stitching is needed. The straps are held securely in place by the expanding rubber.

Rubber sandals are simple, inexpensive, yet extremely useful. They are non-slip and suitable for all terrains, with a sole tough enough to resist sharp objects like glass, nails, or even hot coals. The thick rubber sole and secure straps ensure that soldiers could march through jungles or across rivers without worrying about their sandals slipping off. Moreover, the use of recycled materials made these sandals affordable and durable, perfect for the resource-scarce conditions during the war. The rubber sandals became highly valued because they were easy to clean, dried quickly, and were not affected by unpredictable weather, making them highly popular.

The rubber sandal remains an iconic symbol, recalling the image of the soldiers of Ho Chi Minh’s army during the challenging years of the war. It embodies the spirit of thrift, simplicity, and high moral character exemplified by Uncle Ho. It was the footwear that carried Uncle Ho and his soldiers across the vast mountains of the Trường Sơn range, leading to the glorious victories that defined the nation's struggle for independence. Who could have imagined that a people who wore rubber sandals, with their heads adorned with steel helmets, and their bodies wrapped in worn military coats, could defeat two of the most powerful empires of the time? This victory was made possible by the resilience, courage, unity, and intense patriotism of the Vietnamese people—descendants of the Hung Kings, heirs of the Dragon and Fairy ancestors.

Vietnam's history has marked the many marches of soldiers dressed in green uniforms. What protected them were the vast mountains and forests, and the shared meals of the people. Alongside the soldiers were their rifles, their humble hats, and the simple yet dear rubber sandals of Ho Chi Minh. These small, ordinary sandals became symbols of the heroic period in our nation's history, an enduring testament to a time of blood and fire.

In Vietnam, many believe that the rubber sandal was invented by Colonel Ha Van Lau, although he himself admitted to drawing inspiration from the sandals worn by cart drivers made from rubber or used inner tubes. The hardships of the French resistance sparked creative solutions to challenging circumstances, leading to the creation of these practical and durable sandals. Not only were they widely used in daily life and combat, but even President Ho Chi Minh wore them for personal use and occasionally for diplomatic events. His example led to the widespread adoption of these sandals, which came to be affectionately known as 'Uncle Ho's sandals.'

The rubber sandal is a simple footwear made from used tire rubber. A part of a discarded automobile tire is cut to form the sole, while the straps are made from used tire inner tubes, typically one to one and a half centimeters wide, with the length varying according to the sandal size. The two front straps cross, while the back straps are parallel and pass over the ankle. The straps are secured to the sole by passing through holes, relying on the rubber's elasticity rather than adhesives. During their marches, soldiers encountered slippery spots, so the soles of the rubber sandals were designed with diamond-shaped grooves to reduce slipperiness. From 1970 to 1985, the people also produced rubber sandals using a molding process for the sole and straps, but they maintained the original design.

Made from recycled materials, the sandals are inexpensive to produce. The durability of the rubber and its adaptability to various terrains are key features that made the sandals widely used. Additionally, their light weight and ease of carrying were advantageous for soldiers traveling long distances. Regardless of the weather or terrain, whether it was sunny or rainy, the rubber sandals provided comfort without fear of getting soaked like fabric shoes. They also solved the hygiene problems of shoes, as they were easy to clean even with mud stuck on them. More than just functional footwear, rubber sandals became a 'fashion' item during the years 1970-1985. A typical outfit of young Vietnamese included a green long-sleeve uniform, a conical hat, a leather belt, and rubber sandals.

The simple sandals embodied an era of national resistance. They supported countless feet marching through the pain-stricken lands of the country, and accompanied heroic soldiers in their fight against foreign invaders. These sandals symbolized the courage of our people during the liberation struggle and were associated with the humble and familiar image of Ho Chi Minh's soldiers. While no longer commonly worn today, rubber sandals are still sold at many tourist destinations as souvenirs and are preserved in historical museums as a reminder of our glorious past, a tribute to the great leader and the simple sandals.

“Even the old sandals, worn-out with time,
Uncle Ho still wore them through the world.”

Tố Hữu wrote about the rubber sandals and Ho Chi Minh with respect and affection. Despite the passage of time and wear and tear, these sandals remain a lasting symbol in history and in the hearts of the Vietnamese people, accompanying our revolution towards a glorious future.

The rubber sandals are a creative and unique item that can only be found in Vietnam. They have become deeply associated with our soldiers and officers throughout the two resistance wars against French colonialism and American imperialism.

These sandals resemble ordinary footwear in appearance, with straps made from used car inner tubes. The front straps cross each other, while the back straps run parallel and cross over the ankle. Each strap is about 1.5 cm wide. The straps are threaded through the sole via small slits, fitting tightly. The soles are made from worn-out car tires or molded rubber, with diamond-shaped grooves at the bottom to prevent slipping.

Rubber sandals are simple to make, cost-effective, and suitable for all weather conditions, whether sunny or rainy. Once the back straps are placed, the sandals tightly fit around the foot and heel, ensuring comfort even on long walks. Soldiers would often carry makeshift sandal pullers crafted from bamboo or aluminum, in case the straps slipped off.

During both the wars against France and the United States, each soldier was issued a pair of sandals and shoes. The rubber sandals were commonly used for marching and combat. While shoes were heavy and inconvenient, especially when trekking through the jungle, they would often become soaked in water, and were also a prime hiding spot for leeches. Despite knowing about the leeches, soldiers would bear with it, unable to stop and remove them for fear of losing their group.

Using the rubber sandals made everything easier. On sunny days, the sandals were light and comfortable for movement. In rainy weather or muddy terrain, a quick rinse with a water bottle was all it took to continue on the journey. When a leech latched onto a foot, it could simply be flicked off without wasting any time.

The rubber sandals are a humble yet enduring symbol of the hardships and victories in Vietnam’s struggle for independence. These sandals are also tied to the simple life and humility of President Ho Chi Minh. The sandals, or “Ho Chi Minh sandals,” inspired a poem by military poet Ta Huu Yen, which was later adapted into a song by composer Van An. The song has deeply ingrained the image of these sandals in the public's heart: Simple sandals, Ho Chi Minh's sandals, He walked from the battlefield back home.

The streets, battlefields, factories, and villages all bear the mark of his sandals as he returned to us, Ho Chi Minh! These sandals tread the long path, accompanied by Ho Chi Minh through hardships, helping to build the country. The journey of battle, near and far, Ho Chi Minh’s sandals guided the way… The song has echoed through the years, reminding younger generations to cherish the achievements and glory our ancestors built from the simplest of things in the process of nation-building and defense.

War brings loss and sorrow. However, for Vietnam, it is also about resilience and unyielding courage. The smoke of bombs and the fire of warfare did not deter the soldiers, who marched forward to regain independence and freedom for the nation. Alongside the soldiers' footprints were not only backpacks and conical hats, but also rubber sandals. These rubber sandals became an inseparable symbol of the Vietnamese army.

When the French war of resistance broke out, Vietnam faced countless challenges. To continue the fight, the people innovated out of necessity. Rubber sandals are simple footwear made from used tire inner tubes and rubber. They became widely used during both the French and American wars due to their simplicity, low cost, ease of production, and durability. Many believe that Colonel Hà Văn Lâu was the inventor of the rubber sandals, but he himself acknowledged that he only adapted the method used by cart drivers who created sandals from rubber tubes and other materials.

In 1947, seeing Mr. Nguyễn Văn Sáu (also known as Sáu Đen) with some old car tire inner tubes, Hà Văn Lâu asked him to create sandals that were lightweight, comfortable, and suitable for walking through water and mud. Additionally, these rubber sandals were thick and sturdy enough to protect the soldiers' feet from sharp objects such as broken glass, barbed wire, or even hot embers.

The sandals consist of two main parts: the sole and the straps. The straps are made from used car inner tubes, while the sole is crafted from either rubber or old car tires. Though they are heavy when held, they are very comfortable once worn. The straps pass through holes in the sole, creating a secure fit.

What's interesting about these sandals is that they are not stitched together. The straps are simply attached by a metal clip, which is inserted into a hole in the sole. Thanks to the elasticity of the rubber, the straps and sole are firmly connected, and even if the soldier trips, the sandals stay intact.

These rubber sandals are also known by other names, such as rubber shoes, or Bình Trị Thiên sandals. The cost of producing a pair is low, and they are incredibly practical. The tight fit of the straps makes walking easier and more comfortable. These sandals are suitable for all weather conditions: they are cool in the summer and dry during the rainy season. They are also easy to clean—mud can be washed off with just a bit of water, unlike many modern footwear options that are hard to clean. The straps can be reattached if they come loose, making them popular among students. Wearing rubber sandals offers comfort and helps prevent foot diseases. The soldiers could march all day without their feet getting sore.

Most importantly, the rubber sandals became a historical symbol of Vietnam's long struggle for independence. Their durability and convenience made them perfect for the tough conditions of wartime. They became a familiar sight to President Hồ Chí Minh, accompanying him and the soldiers from the battlefield to the safe zones. They symbolize the spirit of resilience and innovation in the face of hardship.

Rubber sandals also became an inspiration for many poets, writers, and musicians. Later, songs and poems about them became iconic, preserving the memory of the painful yet determined period of the nation's history:

"Still the old sandals, with worn-out straps,"

"Uncle Hồ still walked through the world"

(Following Uncle Hồ – Tố Hữu)

As time passed, the wars receded into history. Many modern types of sandals were created, and rubber sandals became less common. Yet, every time we see them displayed in museum glass cases, Vietnamese people still feel a deep sense of pride and nostalgia for a glorious past that can never be forgotten.

Surely, this pair of sandals seems unfamiliar to you. It was to me as well. Because this pair is deeply associated with two heroic wars fought by our nation. Do you know what object I am about to introduce? It’s the rubber sandals—sandals worn by our soldiers.

The rubber sandals, also known as the Bình-Trị-Thiên sandals, are a familiar item, an essential piece of military gear linked to the soldiers of Hồ Chí Minh during the resistance wars against the French and Americans. Many believe the idea for the rubber sandals came from Colonel Hà Văn Lâu, though he himself acknowledged that he merely applied the concept used by rickshaw pullers who fashioned sandals from palm fibers or discarded inner tubes.

The rubber sandals are a recycled product with a high level of practicality. The design is similar to other types of sandals, with the straps made from old car tires. The two front straps cross each other by about 1.5 cm. The straps loop through the sole, fitting snugly in place. The sole is made from rubber or tire material, with diamond-shaped grooves to prevent slipping.

These rubber sandals are made from old tire inner tubes, ensuring we do not waste usable materials. The sandals are simple to make, inexpensive, and convenient for all weather conditions. When worn, the straps hug the feet and heels, preventing discomfort. When trekking long distances, soldiers often carry a makeshift tool made from bamboo or aluminum to adjust the straps in case they loosen. The sandals are highly durable and can be used for a long time. During the wars against the French and Americans, rubber sandals were the soldiers' preferred choice for marching and fighting. Shoes were often heavy and impractical, especially when it rained, turning shoes into waterlogged containers and perfect habitats for leeches. Rubber sandals made marching much easier. In hot weather, they were light and easy to move in. In rainy weather and on muddy roads, soldiers could simply rinse them off with a little water and continue on without fear of slipping.

This pair of sandals serves as a reminder to us all to be resourceful and inventive in life. It emphasizes the importance of looking beyond outward appearances and focusing on the core essence, just like the rubber sandals—old yet enduring over time. These sandals are a symbol of simplicity and loyalty in the fierce struggle for independence. The image of the rubber sandals is inseparable from that of the soldiers of Hồ Chí Minh, becoming a humble symbol of the warrior spirit. In the monumental victories of our nation in places like Điện Biên Phủ, Tây Nguyên, and Saigon, the mark of these simple sandals can be found. They also evoke the modest lifestyle of President Hồ Chí Minh. The rubber sandals, or Bác Hồ's sandals, have inspired poems, songs, and artworks, embodying a beautiful image. Surely, many of you know the famous lines from the poem:

“Rubber sandals, Bác Hồ’s sandals
Bác walked through every corner of the homeland, Bác ơi.”

Another poem by army poet Tạ Hữu Yên about Bác Hồ’s sandals was set to music by composer Văn An. The song deeply ingrained the image of these rubber sandals in the hearts of the people:

“Simple sandals, Bác Hồ’s sandals
Bác walked from the war zone to the homeland
Through cities, battlefields, factories, and fields, the traces of Bác’s sandals remain, Bác ơi.”

This song has stood the test of time, reminding younger generations to cherish the monumental achievements made by our ancestors from the most ordinary things.

The simple sandals carry the history of our nation's glorious past, reminding us of those unforgettable years. We must all appreciate the valuable legacies of our people, those everyday products that bring the greatest and most essential values to each of us.

Even today, despite the emphasis on frugality, no one seems interested in using the old rubber sandals from the past. Simply because we value comfort and convenience now. This is a completely valid desire. The old rubber sandals, though cost-effective, were uncomfortable. Yet, these recycled sandals were extremely helpful to the people during earlier times.

These sandals, which featured straps, were commonly used by people in difficult times, especially during the two wars of resistance against foreign invaders. This product was a great example of recycling with a high level of practicality. Making these sandals was a straightforward process. From discarded, large rubber tires, people would carefully peel off thin layers of rubber, cut them into foot-shaped sizes, and fit various sizes. After cutting the sole, they would punch four small holes at the front and four slightly larger holes at the back to pass straps through and form the sandal's straps. The straps, made of higher quality, stronger rubber, would be tightly crossed through the sandals. The two front straps would hug the toes while the back straps secured the ankle. Thus, a pair of rubber sandals (or rubber slippers) was born.

This type of sandal was very useful in those days. Not only did it prevent waste of usable materials, but because it was mainly made from recycled materials, the sandals were inexpensive, suiting the living standards of the time. The sandals were durable, sturdy, and could last for a long time. This durability made them ideal for long marches and evacuations, both during military operations and in daily life activities like production and labor. Moreover, these rubber sandals served as a reminder for people to live more frugally and creatively. They instilled an important moral: nothing is truly useless; it simply needs to be repurposed for another use. This was crucial as it taught people both to save and to make things convenient in daily life, work, and combat.

However, while these sandals had numerous benefits, they also had some drawbacks. For example, the construction of the sandals using rubber meant that the straps were simply threaded into the sole and held in place by the rubber's elasticity. As a result, in wet conditions, the sandals were very slippery, and the straps could easily come loose. Thus, each soldier, particularly during marches, had to carry a thin bamboo stick to tighten the straps. Despite this shortcoming, the advantages of these sandals far outweighed the disadvantages.

These rubber sandals were a practical product often used by soldiers and civilians in the past. The image of these rubber slippers seems inseparable from the image of the beloved soldiers of Uncle Ho, as if they were destined to be together. In history, during the famous victory of the Dien Bien Phu campaign, or during the treks across the Truong Son mountain range to fight the Americans, the footprints of these simple rubber sandals were always present. These sandals became a symbol of the simplicity and humility of soldiers. Even in the luggage of the President, there were rubber sandals. This iconic image added to the beauty of the simplicity and nobility in the soul of President Ho Chi Minh.

Today, these "Uncle Ho's sandals" have become a sacred and priceless relic of our nation. Millions of people, both at home and abroad, of various ethnicities and skin colors, when visiting Uncle Ho, can see these sandals placed in a glass box at his feet. Uncle Ho, along with his rubber sandals, left a deep impression on poetry and music. The lyrics of a song about these sandals are truly sweet and moving:

"The simple sandals, Uncle Ho's sandals

Uncle walked from the war zone back home.

From cities, battlefields, factories, and fields

The footprints of Uncle's sandals are everywhere, oh Uncle..."

In the history of our nation, these small rubber sandals have appeared with pride. Nowadays, as life has changed, we rarely see anyone wearing rubber sandals. Yet, people will always remember them as a beloved item and a symbol of our nation's glorious yet challenging history.

“Even the old, worn-out sandals, the straps are frayed,

Uncle still walked through the world”

(Tố Hữu)

The rubber sandals, once a simple and popular item in Vietnam during the late 20th century, became synonymous with President Ho Chi Minh and the soldiers throughout the two wars of resistance against French colonialism and American imperialism. Today, although no longer in widespread use, these sandals remain a profound symbol of pride for the Vietnamese people.

Definition: Rubber sandals are simple footwear made from rubber tires. They were common in third-world countries due to their simplicity, ease of production, low cost, and durability. Various sources confirm that the first rubber sandals were created in 1947, during the intense period of the fight against French colonialism. In 1947, as the war against the French escalated, the Vietnamese military needed many supplies but lacked external aid. Colonel Hà Văn Lâu made use of old car tires to create these convenient, light sandals that provided excellent protection in difficult terrain, including water, mud, and even sharp objects like glass, barbed wire, and red-hot metal.

The creation of rubber sandals met the urgent need for military equipment during that time.

– Appearance: resembling standard sandals.

– Color: black.

– Material: automobile tires. When mass production was necessary, manufacturers made them in batches based on a template, instead of reusing old tires.

The construction of rubber sandals is quite simple, consisting of: a sole, straps, and a tool to connect the straps. A part of the old tire, typically the central section, is cut to form the sole, with the outer part of the tire (the part that touches the road) placed on the bottom. Thanks to the resilience and durability of rubber, these sandals can last for many years without damage. The straps are cut from old rubber inner tubes, about 1-1.5 cm wide, with the length adjusted to fit the wearer's foot. The straps are soft and lightly wrap around the foot, unlike shoes or other types of sandals that enclose the foot completely.

To attach the straps, eight small holes are punched or cut on the edges (where the straps connect to the sole). Remarkably, rubber sandals are the only type of footwear in the world that connects the straps and sole without any adhesive. The straps are threaded through the holes with a special tool called a 'rút dép,' a slender metal or bamboo rod, which is bent in half. These rubber sandals played a crucial role in protecting soldiers' feet during movement. This is the primary function of shoes and sandals. The rubber sandals were the main footwear for the Vietnamese soldiers in both wars, contributing to many heroic victories that were praised globally.

Rubber sandals proved to be suitable for all terrains and weather conditions, especially mountainous regions due to their high friction, strong grip, and the rubber’s elasticity, which allowed the sandals to fit snugly on the feet. They also protected against sharp thorns and rough, rocky surfaces. The lightweight and quick-drying nature of these sandals allowed soldiers to march faster. However, they were less effective in slippery muddy conditions, where the rubber’s grip decreased when wet.

Rubber sandals are easy to produce. A tire cutting machine and a few workers can produce numerous pairs of sandals in a short period. Since no new materials are needed, production is cost-effective, making these sandals very affordable.

Usage and maintenance: When wearing the sandals, ensure the straps are tightly fastened to avoid them slipping off. Maintain the correct foot position to prevent the sandals from becoming dislodged. Keep the sandals away from high heat, as rubber can deform at high temperatures. Avoid wearing them in areas with thick mud or slippery surfaces. In damp conditions, rubber sandals have very low friction, which can be dangerous for users.

Store the sandals in a dry, ventilated place and clean them regularly to ensure they last longer. When not in use, store them in a sealed box to preserve their durability.

The rubber sandals in the spirit of Vietnamese culture: The convenience of these sandals made them widespread in Vietnam during both wars, becoming a famous symbol of the Vietnamese Communist forces in their struggle for independence and national unity.

These sandals are closely associated with Ho Chi Minh and the image of the soldier trekking through mountains and streams, contributing to stunning victories that shocked the world. President Ho Chi Minh also wore rubber sandals in everyday life, even during some diplomatic engagements. The widespread use of rubber sandals by Ho Chi Minh and his supporters led many Americans to refer to them as “Ho Chi Minh sandals.”

The image of rubber sandals has appeared in poetry, music, painting, and other art forms as a symbol of the resilience and determination of the Vietnamese people in the 20th century. Though rubber sandals are no longer as common in Vietnam as a symbol of hardship, they are still sold as souvenirs for tourists or collectors, and occasionally even viewed as a fashion trend among the youth.

Since the dawn of human evolution, when people began using sandals made from grass and plants to protect their feet, the rubber sandals from the resistance period have become iconic, evoking memories of courage and pride from our nation's struggles. President Ho Chi Minh, our beloved father, who often wore the simple rubber sandals while traveling across many countries, wore them even during important speeches and meetings. Despite the many other gifts given to him, the rubber sandals remained his favorite.

During the hardships of the French and American wars, soldiers of our nation endured great suffering. In those challenging times, daily necessities like mats, blankets, and even food had to be shared. But the image of the rubber sandals became synonymous with the revolution, symbolizing the sacrifices and the lack of comfort soldiers faced. The sandals were crafted from old car tires. Their construction was straightforward: the tire was cut to create the sole, and the center of the tire was used for its durability, preventing quick wear and discomfort. The straps were made from old inner tubes. These sandals became widespread because they were durable, and the materials were easy to find.

These sandals were known by many names, such as rubber sandals, soldier sandals, or Bình Trị Thiên sandals. Regardless of what they were called, the rubber sandals have earned their place in history as a symbol of simplicity, resilience, and the essence of Vietnamese culture. Even today, as society progresses with various modern styles of footwear, including flip-flops, sandals, and high heels, the rubber sandals remain popular among veterans and those who treasure their cultural heritage. While they have evolved over time, with new versions made from more comfortable materials, the original rubber sandals continue to represent strength, perseverance, and a proud history of overcoming adversity.

For many younger generations, the rubber sandals might seem like a relic of the past, as they are becoming increasingly rare in stores. However, their legacy lives on, carrying with it stories of resilience, strength, and the value of hardship. These sandals, though simple, remind us of the enduring spirit of our ancestors and their sacrifices for a peaceful and prosperous Vietnam.

"The simple sandals of Uncle Ho,

Uncle Ho wore them from the war zones back home."

The rubber sandals are a deeply familiar item to the Vietnamese people of the past, especially during the arduous yet heroic resistance wars. The image of the sandals is forever etched in our hearts, alongside the image of Uncle Ho – our revered leader, humble yet great. The rubber sandals, also known as the Bình-Trị-Thiên sandals, were an essential military item associated with the soldiers of Uncle Ho during the resistance against French and American invaders.

Many believe the invention of the rubber sandals was credited to Colonel Hà Văn Lâu, although he admitted that he simply adapted the methods used by porters who crafted sandals from dried palm leaves or old bicycle inner tubes. The sandals were made by repurposing worn-out tire inner tubes, making them practical and cost-effective. The sandals consisted of a sole cut from the rubber tire, and the straps were made from the inner tubes, all in black. The length of the sandals varied based on the size of the wearer's feet. The sandals typically had four straps resembling a simple sandal style, with the straps being carefully measured and cut, neither too thick nor too thin.

The straps were secured by threading them through eight slits carved into the sandals. Due to the straps often slipping off, the wearer would always carry a metal or bamboo clip to secure them. The practicality and economy of these sandals made them widespread during the two wars, becoming an iconic symbol of the revolutionary soldiers. The sandals were light, comfortable, and allowed the wearer to easily wade through water or mud, protecting their feet even when stepping on glass shards, barbed wire, or hot metal.

The sandals traveled through many regions, accompanying soldiers as they climbed mountains and crossed streams, remaining durable and resilient. Sometimes, all that was needed to keep the sandals functional was replacing the straps. The sandals, enduring time like a steadfast companion, symbolized the simple and frugal virtues of the revolutionaries during a time when the nation was still impoverished and underdeveloped. The rubber sandals were also a representation of Uncle Ho's modesty. He wore them while meeting the people and even when visiting foreign leaders, never parting with them.

The rubber sandals journeyed with Uncle Ho across the country, becoming a legend for both the Vietnamese people and the global community. For Uncle Ho, the sandals held particular significance, carrying countless memories and marking the journey from struggle to liberation, leading the nation to independence, peace, and sovereignty. What seemed like a simple pair of sandals became an inspiration for numerous artists. Poet Tố Hữu once wrote about the sandals of Uncle Ho:

"Still, those old sandals with worn straps,

Uncle Ho often walked among the world."

(Following Uncle Ho - Tố Hữu)

The poem "Uncle Ho's Sandals" was set to music by composer Văn An and has remained in the hearts of the Vietnamese people for over half a century. Today, when people talk about the rubber sandals, they recall a time of hardship and struggle, but also a time of bravery and resilience. The simple sandals carry within them an entire era of national history, reminding us of unforgettable years of sacrifice and victory.

Có lẽ trên thế giới chưa có dân tộc nào phải trải qua nhiều cuộc chiến tranh xâm lược như Việt Nam, và có lẽ chúng ta thực só quyền tự hào về con người Việt Nam trong thời kì kháng chiến. đó là những người dân, người anh hùng vô danh đã góp nên cho đất nước bằng xương máu của mình. Trên bước đường hành quân đầy gian khó nhọc nhằn ấy của mình, để đồng hành cùng các anh chiến sĩ không thể thiếu đôi dép lốp trong kháng chiến.Nhưng, đã từ lâu qua nhiều áng văn thơ ta thấy được rằng, có những khi dân quân ta đã:

“Tây Tiến đoàn binh không mọc tóc

Quân xanh màu lá giữ oai hùm.

Cuộc chiến đấu gian khổ, khó khăn:

“Áo anh rách vai

Quần tôi có vài mảnh má

Miệng cười buốt giá

Chân không giày.”

Đó là hiện thực khắc nghiệt mà chúng ta không bao giờ có thể quên được, nhưng chiến đấu gian khổ, chiến trường khắc nghiệt ấy vậy nhưng điều kiện sinh hoạt lại thiếu thốn trăm bề, có khi chỉ là miếng cơm chấm muối mối thù nặng vai. Nhưng những người lính kiên cường không bao giờ đòi hỏi, họ chấp nhận hi sinh như một lẽ tất yếu. Và trong chặng đường hành quân:

“Dốc lên khúc khuỷu dốc thăm thẳm

Heo hút cồn mây súng ngửi trời”

ấy người chiến sĩ đã có một người bạn đồng hành giản dị mà chân quý ấy là đôi dép lốp. Có thể nói, một trong những hành trang không thể thiếu của mỗi người lính - đó là đôi dép lốp. Dép lốp là loại dép được làm ra từ những chiếc xăm, lốp. Loại dép này được sử dụng khá phổ biến ở nước ta trong thời kì kháng chiến, khi kinh tế còn nghèo nàn,cuộc sống vật chất còn nhiều thiếu thốn. Những đôi dép lốp được sử dụng phổ biến vào thời kì đó bởi nguyên liệu dễ kiếm, dễ làm, hơn nữa nó còn có độ bền cao. Có thể theo chân những người lính từ dốc này qua đèo nọ mà không bị hỏng. Đôi dép lốp tuy mộc mạc, đơ giản nhưng lại vô cùng tiện ích.

Các anh có thể dễ dàng tháo ra hoặc đeo vào chân để iện cho việc hành quân đường trường, bởi nếu đi giày rất dễ những con vắt bám vào chân không thể xử lsi nhanh được, hơn thế sẽ gây mất tời gian thậm chí lạc đoàn tác chiến. có thể nói đôi dép lốp là kỉ vật thiêng liêng, là biểu tượng gắn liền với bước chân người lính năm xưa.Cách chế tạo những đôi dép lốp cũng khá đơn giản, người ta sẽ cắt một phần của lốp ô tô ra để làm đế dép và phần đế này thường được lấy từ phần chính giữa của chiếc lốp vì nó bằng phẳng, không gây đau, bất tiện cho đôi chân.

Phần ngoài của lốp thì được đặt phía dưới, khi di chuyển thì phần này sẽ ma sát với mặt đường.Để xỏ quai người ta đục trên diềm của đế khoảng từ sáu đến tám cái lỗ nhỏ. Quai của dép lốp thì được cắt ra từ những chiếc săm ô tô cũ, chiều rộng của những chiếc quai này khoảng từ một đến một phẩy năm xen ti mét, chiều dài tùy ý sao cho hợp với đôi chân người đi. Quai được xỏ vào lỗ bằng cách dùng một thanh kim loại nhỏ, giúp luồn dây qua đế một cách dễ dàng, nhanh chóng.Cuộc sống ngày càng hiện đại, văn minh hơn.

Chính vì vậy mà nhiều mẫu mà giày dép đa dạng, sinh động đã được ra đời. Nhưng có lẽ những vật ấy chỉ để phục vụ cho nhu cầu sinh họt hàng ngày, còn đôi dép lốp vượt lên những giá trị vật chất nó còn là một kỉ vật gắn liền với những tháng năm chiến đấu gian khổ mà hào hùng của dân tộc. Vậy nên, hãy biết trân trọng một kỉ vật ấy của một thời gian khó, nó đã làm nên những con người hào hùng, hào hoa. Đó phải chăng cũng là cách để giũ gìn nguồn cội.

Trong cuộc kháng chiến chống Pháp và chống Mĩ đầy gian khổ của dân tộc Việt Nam, những người chiến sĩ Cách mạng đã phải trải qua các cuộc chiến ác liệt, một mất một còn vô cùng khốc liệt. Cuộc chiến đấu gian nan là thế nhưng cuộc sống sinh hoạt lại vô cùng thiếu thốn, hành trang mang theo bên người chỉ có chiếc võng, chiếc bát ăn cơm, balo con cóc, chiếc mũ tai bèo. Và một trong những hành trang không thể thiếu của mỗi người lính - đó là đôi dép lốp.

Dép lốp là loại dép được làm ra từ những chiếc xăm, lốp. Loại dép này được sử dụng khá phổ biến ở nước ta trong thời kì kháng chiến, khi kinh tế còn nghèo nàn,cuộc sống vật chất còn nhiều thiếu thốn. Những đôi dép lốp được sử dụng phổ biến vào thời kì đó bởi nguyên liệu dễ kiếm, dễ làm, hơn nữa nó còn có độ bền cao. Có thể theo chân những người lính từ dốc này qua đèo nọ mà không bị hỏng.

Cách chế tạo những đôi dép lốp cũng khá đơn giản, người ta sẽ cắt một phần của lốp ô tô ra để làm đế dép và phần đế này thường được lấy từ phần chính giữa của chiếc lốp vì nó bằng phẳng, không gây đau, bất tiện cho đôi chân. Phần ngoài của lốp thì được đặt phía dưới, khi di chuyển thì phần này sẽ ma sát với mặt đường.

Để xỏ quai người ta đục trên diềm của đế khoảng từ sáu đến tám cái lỗ nhỏ. Quai của dép lốp thì được cắt ra từ những chiếc săm ô tô cũ, chiều rộng của những chiếc quai này khoảng từ một đến một phẩy năm xen ti mét, chiều dài tùy ý sao cho hợp với đôi chân người đi. Quai được xỏ vào lỗ bằng cách dùng một thanh kim loại nhỏ, giúp luồn dây qua đế một cách dễ dàng, nhanh chóng.

Về người đầu tiên phát minh, chế tạo ra đôi dép lốp, nhiều người cho rằng đó chính là đại tá Hà Văn Lâu. Tuy nhiên, khi được hỏi thì ông cũng thừa nhận mình chỉ sử dụng và bắt chước lại những người phụ xe dùng mo cau hay vỏ ruột xe kéo làm những đôi dép. Từ đó ông mới bắt đầu nảy sinh ý tưởng làm những đôi dép như của những người phu xe, nhưng bằng một chất liệu mới, đó là từ lốp ô tô cũ.

Tên gọi của dép lốp cũng có nhiều cách gọi khác nhau như: Dép cao su, dép râu, dép Bình Trị Thiên. Dép lốp sử dụng nhiều trong chiến tranh nên nó đã trở thành một biểu tượng của những người chiến sĩ Cách mạng và vị lãnh tụ vĩ đại Hồ Chí Minh cũng thường xuyên sử dụng loại dép này. Vì vậy mà dép lốp còn là một biểu tượng về sự giản dị của Bác.

Ngày nay tuy dép lốp không còn được sử dụng phổ biến nữa do sự ra đời của rất nhiều loại giày dép, với mẫu mã đa dạng, giá thành lại không cao. Tuy nhiên, dép lốp ngày nay cũng được cách tân đi rất nhiều, chất liệu thì không phải từ lốp và săm xe nữa mà nó thường được làm bằng cao su. Loại dép này vẫn là một bộ phận được ưa chuộng và sử dụng, đặc biệt là những người bộ đội về hưu, những người cựu chiến binh khi xưa.

Đôi dép lốp xuất hiện trong cuộc sống của mỗi chúng ta ngày càng khan hiếm nhưng nó đã từng là những kỉ vật có giá trị của mỗi con người, và đặc biệt trong xã hội xưa đôi dép lốp biểu tượng cho sự sung túc nhưng rất giản dị đơn sơ, nó được làm bằng cao su, và bám sát vào chân đi trên chân có cảm giác êm nhưng hơi có cảm giác lặng, nó không chỉ để lại cho con người những giá trị vật chất quan trọng, giá trị mạnh mẽ mà đôi dép lốp để lại cho muôn đời đó là công dụng của nó vô cùng quan trọng và cần thiết cho mỗi người, nó là phương tiện được sử dụng để đi lại và mang những ý nghĩa rất cần thiết và may mắn trong mỗi con người. Hình tượng người lính xuất hiện trong mỗi con người Việt Nam không ai có thể không được biết đến đôi dép có ý nghĩa và giá trị to lớn này.

Nó mang những biểu tượng mạnh mẽ thể hiện được tinh thần chiến đấu, mặc dù nó không hiện đại và đắt tiền nhưng giá trị của nó đến hôm nay phải được coi là một điều có ý nghĩa và trở thành một truyền thống quý báu của dân tộc ta, trong những năm tháng gian nan nó là người bạn đường của mỗi người chiến sĩ cách mạng chúng ta đều được biết đến qua hình ảnh cụ Hồ, người luôn dùng đôi dép này, nó giản dị và rất mộc mạc.

Mỗi người chúng ta đều cần phải trân trọng những giá trị đáng quý của dân tộc đó là những sản phẩm đem lại những giá trị to lớn và cần thiết nhất dành cho mỗi người.

During the war, Northern Vietnam was very poor. All types of sandals that could be considered "fashionable" at the time, such as Tiền Phong plastic sandals or Thai sandals (which later became known as Lao sandals in the South), could not be provided to the military, partly because they were expensive and partly because their structure was unsuitable.

What kind of sandals could meet all three requirements: Cheap, fairly durable, and easy to use? Back then, there were plenty of old, discarded car tires that couldn’t be used for anything else (except as cushioning for ships), so an idea emerged: Cut the old tires to make soles, and use old car inner tubes for straps. That’s how the rubber tire sandals came into being. These sandals were called "rầu sandals" in the South.

The rubber tire sandals were just a small part cut from the military tire of the French colonists, which had been ambushed and destroyed by our forces in a base area in the Viet Bac region many years ago. They were skillfully cut to the right thickness—not too thick, not too thin, with wide front straps, a sandal style known as "xăng-đan"—very durable. The rubber tire sandals may not have looked as sleek as shoes, but they fulfilled the requirements: Cheap, easy to use, and long-lasting. Their only disadvantage was that the soles were too stiff (which could cause foot swelling) or the straps could slip off, so people often carried a "strap puller" to keep them in place. Despite this, these sandals were used by the revolutionary military for a long time.

Later, around the early 1970s, the military was equipped with "molded" sandals. These had a similar structure to the rubber tire sandals but featured molded rubber soles that were softer, lighter, and smoother, with more secure straps, providing greater comfort. Surprisingly, the rubber tire sandals became a subject of inspiration for many writers and artists both within Vietnam and internationally. These sandals not only accompanied the soldiers in their daily lives but also traveled with President Ho Chi Minh across all regions of our beloved country and even to distant corners of the world. Throughout all four seasons—spring, summer, autumn, and winter—rubber tire sandals could be worn; during winter, President Ho Chi Minh often wore woolen socks to keep his feet warm.

When visiting the people, especially when encouraging farmers, President Ho Chi Minh would wear the rubber tire sandals, dressed in his simple brown clothes, exuding a very humble and approachable demeanor. Sometimes, he would even remove his sandals, roll up his pants, and walk in the muddy fields alongside the farmers. His sandals were always clean and polished. Wherever he went, people spoke of his sandals as a treasure they wanted to admire. Especially the children, when President Ho Chi Minh came to visit, they would do everything they could to touch and admire his sandals. Even the soldiers on distant islands, when President Ho Chi Minh visited, fought to repair his sandals to make them more durable.

On one particular visit to New Delhi, India, the story of President Ho Chi Minh’s rubber tire sandals became even more fascinating. When meeting with high-ranking officials of the Indian government, they would often glance down at his sandals with curiosity and great respect. Newspapers would write articles about President Ho Chi Minh’s rubber sandals, considering them an extraordinary story and a symbol of the remarkable man of the century.

The Indian people showed an extraordinary reverence for these sandals. When President Ho Chi Minh visited a large and ancient Indian temple, something strange happened. As he left his sandals outside the temple, hundreds of journalists, photographers, and cameramen rushed over to surround his sandals. They seemed to have been waiting for a long time, some even kneeling to touch the sandals in awe. They hurriedly took notes on what they had seen. From different angles and distances, the reporters eagerly took photos, pushing each other to get better positions.

Next, a large crowd gathered from every direction, eager to see the sandals. Many photos were taken with varying interpretations of the rubber sandals. These sandals had accompanied President Ho Chi Minh through life and death, bearing deep and unforgettable memories. Even when the sandals became worn out, he insisted on keeping them, unwilling to replace them. His sacrifice was reflected in his words: "I only have one desire, the utmost desire is to make the country free and independent, for our people to have enough food, clothes, and education."

It can be said that the rubber tire sandals have a long history—over many years, they have been with the people and revolutionary soldiers from the early days of the nationwide resistance war until the day the country was unified and built in peace. These rubber sandals hold great significance not only in President Ho Chi Minh's life but also for the entire Vietnamese people. The image of the rubber sandals also reminds us of the valuable qualities of simplicity and thriftiness that a revolutionary soldier should possess. Moreover, they carry an important life lesson on how to live with purpose, contribute to society, and respect the hard work, sweat, and tears of the people. We must always focus on the inner essence rather than superficial appearance, just as the rubber sandals, though worn out, remain durable through time.

The rubber tire sandals hold immense value and remind us to cherish the meaningful aspects of life. The image of a soldier walking calmly and confidently in his simple rubber sandals, yet radiating an unusual dignity, always inspires admiration.

The rubber sandals are also known as: the sandals of Bình – Trị – Thiên. These sandals were one of the most important pieces of military gear for the soldiers during the resistance against both French and American invaders. It became an essential item for the working-class people, farmers, and soldiers alike.

Who was the first to create these simple, humble, yet practical rubber sandals? The sole was cut from a worn-out car tire, while the straps were made from an old inner tube; mostly black in color, the length depended on the size of the wearer's foot, with each sandal strap about 1.5 cm wide. The sandals had four straps, which were threaded through the soles by holes, and due to the rubber's elasticity, the straps were secured tightly. The wearer always carried a piece of iron or bamboo to adjust the straps. It was an inexpensive and effective solution, ingeniously crafted.

The rubber sandals could withstand rough terrains, such as crossing mountains and streams, and could last for years with minimal repairs, often only requiring a strap replacement. During the resistance against the American war, the soldiers were equipped with durable, well-made rubber sandals that could last for two or three years without needing a strap change. My grandfather still keeps an old pair of rubber sandals in nearly perfect condition and told us: "Remember to put them in my coffin when I pass, so I can have them when I meet the King of Hell."

When President Hồ Chí Minh was living and working in the Viet Bắc resistance zone during the resistance war, he always wore his rubber sandals. Several writers and poets have written about his sandals. Visitors to the Revolutionary Museum can still see his worn sandals on display, along with other personal items of his:

"And the old sandals, with worn straps and heels,

Uncle Hồ would still walk in them through the world."

(From 'Following Uncle Hồ' – Tố Hữu)

The rubber sandals have become part of history. Nowadays, soldiers, officials, and citizens wear leather shoes, plastic sandals, and students go to school in neat, clean shoes. The rubber sandals will always remain a treasured artifact, reminding younger generations of the struggles and heroism of their ancestors, inspiring them to live with pride and dignity.