Top 4 Best Composition Guides for Reviewing Writing Skills (Literature 10)

Question 1 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

Characteristics of Text Types:

- Narrative Text: Describes a series of events that are connected, leading to a conclusion to convey a particular meaning.

- Expository Text: Provides factual, interesting, and engaging information about a subject (such as its attributes, structure, causes, effects, value, purpose, limitations, etc.).

- Argumentative Text: Analyzes, discusses, and evaluates a literary or social issue (using evidence and reasoning), expressing an opinion and convincing others to agree with that viewpoint.

Question 2 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

Key Events and Details in Narrative Texts:

- Key events are the important moments that help form the plot.

- Key details are distinctive aspects that clearly represent these major events.

Question 3 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

How to Create an Outline and Write a Narrative Paragraph Using Descriptive and Emotional Elements:

- After ensuring the basic outline of a narrative composition, focus on selecting sections where descriptive and emotional elements can be effectively integrated to highlight characters, settings, or situations.

- Since descriptive and emotional elements are supplementary in narrative texts, avoid overuse. These elements should enhance specific sections like character descriptions, inner feelings, or situational expressions.

Question 4 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

Common Expository Writing Techniques: Definition, listing, examples, statistics, comparisons, classification, analysis, annotations, cause-and-effect explanations.

Question 5 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

How to Write an Accurate and Engaging Expository Essay:

- For accuracy: Thoroughly research before writing; gather reliable, precise, and relevant materials; select up-to-date information.

- For engagement: Include vivid and specific details, accurate statistics; highlight differences through comparison; vary sentence structures for flexibility; combine knowledge from different fields to present the subject from various perspectives.

Question 6 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

How to Structure an Expository Essay:

- Introduction: Clearly state the subject of the exposition, introduce the text type, and capture the reader’s interest.

- Body: Identify and organize key ideas (present the subject’s knowledge accurately and engagingly), arrange these ideas logically.

- Conclusion: Reinforce the subject of the exposition and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Question 7 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

Structure of an Argument, Argumentation Methods, and How to Create an Argumentative Essay Outline:

- The structure of an argument consists of thesis statements, supporting evidence, and logical reasoning methods.

- Argumentation methods: explaining, proving, analyzing, comparing, refuting, and commenting.

- How to create an argumentative essay outline: Understand the essay prompt thoroughly, then organize and prioritize your points and supporting evidence. The outline consists of an introduction (introducing the issue and guiding the discussion), body (developing points and evidence), and conclusion (reinforcing or expanding the issue).

Question 8 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

Requirements and Techniques for Summarizing Narrative and Expository Texts:

- Requirements and techniques for summarizing narrative texts:

+ Requirements: Stick to the original text, capturing the main features and events involving the protagonist.

+ Technique: Read the text carefully, identify the protagonist, select key events affecting the protagonist, and summarize their actions, speech, and emotions accordingly.

- Requirements and techniques for summarizing expository texts:

+ Requirements: Clarity, coherence, and accuracy compared to the original text.

+ Technique: Identify the goals and summary criteria; read the text thoroughly to understand the subject; outline the key points and summarize them into a coherent version of the original.

Question 9 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

- Characteristics of Writing a Personal Plan: A personal plan generally has two sections: Section 1 includes the writer’s name and their institution; Section 2 outlines the tasks, time, location, and expected results.

- Characteristics of Writing an Advertisement: Select striking content that highlights the product/service’s superiority, and present it using inductive reasoning or comparisons, using definitive and persuasive language.

Question 10 (page 150, Literature 10 textbook, volume 2)

How to Present an Issue:

- Step 1: Preparation (understand the audience’s level, requirements, preferences; select the content and create an outline for the presentation).

- Step 2: Presenting the issue (greet, introduce yourself, present the planned content, conclude, and thank the audience).

I. Theory

Question 1 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2): Characteristics of text types:

- Narrative: Tells or presents events or stories in a sequential manner, ...

- Explanatory: Introduces a subject to persuade the listener.

- Argumentative: Uses reasoning and evidence to analyze, prove, or comment on a literary or real-life issue.

* These text types should be combined as they are interrelated in real life. Additionally, combining them enhances the quality of writing.

Question 2 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Key events and representative details are those that stand out the most, concentrating the theme or ideas of the narrative.

- How to select representative events or details: observe, reflect, compare, imagine, ... to discover the most significant events or details that help highlight the theme and shape character development.

Question 3 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2): Notes on outlining a narrative essay with descriptive and emotional elements:

- Similar to the outline of a regular narrative essay.

- In the body, organize paragraphs that can describe and express emotions related to characters or settings. The conclusion often includes emotional expressions.

- Avoid rambling descriptions or emotions; the primary goal is to make the story clearer and more engaging.

Question 4 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2):

Common methods used in explanatory essays: Define, list, provide examples, use data, compare, classify, analyze...

Question 5 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2): To make an explanatory essay precise and captivating:

- Precision: Research the subject thoroughly, gather information...

- Captivation: Provide concrete details, accurate numbers, use comparisons to highlight differences, and integrate various knowledge fields.

Question 6 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2): How to outline an explanatory essay:

- Ensure you have all the necessary knowledge for the explanation; arrange ideas logically.

- How to write the introduction: state the topic (what is the subject?); explain the purpose of the explanation; highlight the significance and importance of the subject to engage the reader (listener)...

- How to write the body:

+ Informational paragraph: provide accurate, up-to-date information, select content serving the explanation purpose.

+ Argumentative paragraph: Use reasoning and evidence to analyze the information.

- How to write the conclusion: Revisit the subject of the explanatory text, leaving a lasting impression on the reader (listener).

Question 7 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Structure of an argument: thesis statement, supporting points, and evidence.

- Types of argumentative methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and comparison.

- How to outline an argumentative essay:

+ Understand the essay prompt (type of essay, topic to argue, scope of knowledge).

+ Gather ideas for the essay: identify main arguments, supporting points, from general to specific.

+ Outline the essay: choose, arrange, and develop arguments and points logically.

Question 8 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Narrative text:

+ Summarization requirement: briefly recount key events involving the main character (the summary should remain faithful to the original text).

+ How to summarize: Read the text carefully, understand the structure, characters, conflicts, ...; recount the key details based on the structure.

- If the summary requires using a different perspective from the story, a new structure and point of view must be developed.

- Explanatory text:

+ Requirement: The summary must be clear, accurate, and true to the original content.

+ How to summarize: identify the purpose of the summary; read the original text to understand the subject being explained; identify the structure of the text. From there, summarize key points.

- Characteristics: content includes projected personal tasks; format should be scientific, specifying time, goals...

- Structure: aside from the title, there are two parts:

+ Part 1: Name, address.

+ Part 2: Task details, time, location, and projected outcomes.

b. Advertisement

- Characteristics: content focuses on information about products or services; format should be concise, appealing, and persuade customers.

- Structure: The content should be unique, attractive, and impressive, highlighting the advantages of the product or service.

- Form: Inductive or comparative style; use absolute statements.

- Greet and introduce yourself.

- Present the predefined points in order.

- Conclude and thank the audience.

Question 1 (page 150, Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2):

Students should review the exercises on outlining and writing paragraphs for narrative essays in the textbook:

- Outline a narrative essay and practice writing narrative paragraphs (Textbook Literature 10, Volume 1).

- Outline an explanatory essay and practice writing explanatory paragraphs (Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2).

Lesson 1 - Overview of Vietnamese Folk Literature (Textbook Literature 10, Volume 1).

a. What is folk literature?

b. Basic characteristics of folk literature (3 characteristics).

c. Types of folk literature (12 main types).

d. Key values of folk literature:

- A vast encyclopedic knowledge of the people from different ethnicities.

- Educates moral values and proper conduct.

- Artistic value: Folk literature carries rich national identity.

Lesson 2: The Tale of Kiều (Part One: The Author) (Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2, Week 28).

a. Life and Career:

- A life full of ups and downs during a time of political turmoil.

- Served in the Nguyen dynasty (1802), had diplomatic roles in China...

b. Major Works: Thanh Hiên thi tập, Nam trung tạp ngâm, Bắc hành tạp lục (in Classical Chinese), The Tale of Kiều, Văn tế thập loại chúng sinh (in Classical Vietnamese script), ...

c. Thought and artistic values in his works:

- Thought value:

+ Realism (Critique of corrupt officials and the power of money...)

+ Humanitarian value (Sympathy for human suffering; celebrates human beauty, hope, happiness, justice, ...)

- Artistic value: Poetry in Classical Chinese is simple yet refined; Classical Vietnamese poetry reached new heights; significant contributions to the development of the Vietnamese language.

d. General assessment of Nguyễn Du's genius: A national literary giant and a world-renowned cultural figure.

Lesson 3: Literary Texts (Textbook Literature 10, Volume 2)

1. Criteria of a literary text:

- Reflects and explores life, nurtures thought and soul, and has aesthetic value.

- The language of the text is creative, with imagery and deep, rich meanings.

- Belongs to a specific genre with its own aesthetic rules, ...

2. Structure of a literary text:

- Includes multiple layers: language, imagery, meaning.

Question 1 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Characteristics of different types of texts:

+ Narrative: Tells a story or presents events in a sequential manner...

+ Expository: Introduces a subject to persuade the audience.

+ Argumentative: Uses logic, evidence, and reasoning to analyze, prove, or comment on a topic related to literature or life.

- These text types should be combined as they have an organic relationship in reality, and integrating them improves the quality of writing.

Question 2 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Representative events and details are those that highlight and concentrate the themes and ideas of a narrative work.

- How to select representative events and details: observe, reflect, compare, make associations, imagine... to find the most meaningful events and details that clearly reveal the themes and build vivid character personalities.

Question 3 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- An outline consists of three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion, just like a standard narrative essay.

- In the body, arrange the sections to allow for description and expression of emotions towards the characters and setting.

- The conclusion often includes emotional reflection.

- Keep in mind that the main goal of the description and emotional expression is to clarify and enhance the story's appeal, avoiding unnecessary elaboration.

Question 4 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Common methods used in expository writing include defining terms, listing items, providing examples, using data, making comparisons, categorizing, and analyzing...

Question 5 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Requirements for accuracy:

+ Thoroughly research the subject before writing.

+ Gather all relevant materials and precise data.

+ Stay updated with new information and common changes.

- Requirements for appeal:

+ Provide vivid, concrete details and accurate statistics.

+ Use comparisons to highlight differences, making the content memorable for the audience.

+ Use varied sentence structures to make the expository writing dynamic and engaging.

+ Incorporate diverse knowledge to present the subject from multiple perspectives.

Question 6 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- How to create an outline for an expository essay:

+ Ensure you have all the necessary knowledge for the topic.

+ Arrange the points in a logical order.

- How to write the introduction:

+ Introduce the topic and the purpose of the exposition.

+ State the significance and importance of the subject matter.

- How to write the body:

+ The informational paragraph: Provide accurate, updated, and selected information that serves the purpose of the exposition.

+ The argumentative paragraph: Use reasoning and examples to analyze the information.

- How to write the conclusion: Leave a lasting impression on the audience (or reader).

Question 7 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The structure of an argument consists of a claim, evidence, and justification.

+ A claim is the issue being discussed.

+ Evidence is the foundation supporting the claim, either theoretical or practical.

+ Justification involves real-life examples that support the claim and evidence.

- The argumentative techniques include: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and comparison.

- How to outline an argumentative essay:

+ Understand the topic of the essay (type of essay, the issue at hand, the scope of information).

+ Brainstorm for ideas: identify the claims and evidence, moving from general to specific details.

+ Create an outline: select, organize, and develop the claims and evidence logically.

Question 8 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Narrative text:

+ Requirement: Summarize or recount the key events that occur to the main character.

+ Method:

• Read the text carefully to understand its structure, characters, conflicts, etc.

• Recount the key details based on the structure and organization.

- Expository text:

+ Requirement: The summary should be clear, accurate, and faithful to the original content.

+ Method:

• Identify the purpose of the summary;

• Read the original text thoroughly to understand the subject;

• Identify the structure of the text, and summarize the main ideas.

Question 9 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):
Characteristics and writing methods of a personal plan:
- Characteristics of a personal plan:
+ Content: A personal plan is a projected schedule of the individual’s upcoming tasks.
+ Form: The plan should be presented scientifically, with specific timelines and goals to be achieved...
- Writing a personal plan:
Besides the title, a personal plan has two sections:
+ Section one: Personal details, including name and address (if needed).
+ Section two: Outline of tasks, timeline, locations, and expected outcomes.
The language should be concise and summarized, preferably in a table format.
Characteristics and writing methods of advertising:
- Characteristics of advertising:
+ Content: Information about a product or service.
+ Form: Concise, attractive, and designed to appeal to customers’ psychological needs.
- Writing an advertisement:
+ Select the advertising content. It must be unique, appealing, and highlight the superior qualities of the product or service.
+ Choose the advertising format: Inductive or comparative; use emphatic language for absolute statements.

Question 10 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- How to present an issue:

+ Before presenting, research, reflect, and understand the subject matter, preparing the topic and outline for the presentation.

+ During the presentation, follow this sequence: introduction, body (present the content in order), and conclusion (thank the audience).

+ Pay attention to intonation, gestures, eye contact, and body language...

II. Practice

Question 1 (page 150, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Students should review the exercises on outlining and writing different types of paragraphs in narrative writing (Outlining narrative essays - Week 4; Practice writing narrative paragraphs - Week 10).

- Students should review the exercises on outlining and writing different types of paragraphs in expository writing (Outlining expository essays - Week 18; Practice writing expository paragraphs - Week 24).

Question 2 Vietnamese Folk Literature (Literature 10, Volume 1)

- Definition of folk literature

- Key characteristics of folk literature

- Major genres of folk literature

- Core values of folk literature:

+ A vast encyclopedia of knowledge from various ethnic groups.

+ Educating moral principles.

+ Deeply embedded national identity in folk literature.

⇒ Lesson: The Tale of Kiều (Part One: The Author)

- Life

+ A life full of ups and downs in a tumultuous era.

+ Served as an official under the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802), traveled to China...

- Career

+ Key works: Thanh Hiên Thi Tập, Nam Trung Tạp Ngâm, Bắc Hành Tạp Lục (in Chinese), Truyện Kiều, Văn Tế Thập Loại Chúng Sinh (in Nom script), ...

+ Ideological value:

• Realistic value (Denouncing corrupt officials and the overwhelming power of money ...).

• Humanitarian value (Sympathy and understanding of human suffering; praise for the beauty of humanity, respect for the desire to live, love, happiness, justice, ...).

+ Artistic value:

• Simple yet refined and skillful Chinese poetry.

• Nom poetry reaching a brilliant peak.

• Significant contributions to the development of the Vietnamese language.

- Overall assessment of Nguyễn Du's genius: A great national poet, a world-renowned cultural figure.

⇒ Lesson: Literary Texts

- When is a text considered a literary text?

+ Reflects and explores life, enriches thought and the soul, satisfying human aesthetic needs.

+ Language in the text involves exploration, creativity, and rich, meaningful imagery.

+ Belongs to a specific genre with its own aesthetic conventions...

- Structure of a literary text:

+ Layer of language

+ Layer of imagery

+ Layer of meaning