Buzz
1. Sample Composition 4
Lesson Content
- To effectively write an explanatory paragraph, one must:
+ Master the knowledge and skills required for writing an explanatory paragraph
+ Have sufficient accurate knowledge to clarify the main idea of the paragraph
+ Organize the knowledge logically and coherently
+ Apply appropriate and creative methods of explanation to make the paragraph engaging and lively
I. Explanatory Paragraph
1. Answer the questions
a. A paragraph is a section of a text, starting from the first capital letter and ending at the punctuation mark, complete both in content and form.
b. A paragraph must ensure:
- Focus on clarifying one central idea, consistent and unified
- Coherent connection with the previous and following paragraphs
- Clear and precise expression
- Engaging and captivating presentation
2. Compare narrative and explanatory paragraphs:
- Similarities: both follow the typical structure of a paragraph.
- Differences:
+ A narrative paragraph often includes emotional and descriptive elements that are moving and compelling
+ An explanatory paragraph primarily provides knowledge, focusing on describing phenomena or objects without the emotional or descriptive elements of a narrative paragraph
+ Explanatory writing is more analytical and factual.
3. An explanatory paragraph consists of three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.
- The ideas in the body can be arranged in chronological, spatial, cognitive, or argumentative order...
II. Writing an Explanatory Paragraph
1. Outline for explaining a literary work
A. Introduction:
Introduce the general aspects of the work
B. Body:
- Introduce the background of the work's creation
- Explain the main ideas and themes of the work
- Highlight its artistic features
- Discuss the work's significance
C. Conclusion:
Summarize and evaluate the work
2. Writing the paragraph
When mentioning the work "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo" by Nguyễn Trãi, one cannot overlook its remarkable artistic style, often referred to as the "eternal masterpiece of bold rhetoric"—the second declaration of independence for the nation. The work is written in the style of a formal proclamation, a genre originating from China and written in classical Chinese, used for public declarations of national events. Its structure is tightly organized, fluid, and utilizes balanced antitheses, enhancing its rhetorical power. This composition effectively blends the sharpness of political argument with the emotional power of literature, combining logical reasoning with vivid imagery, contributing to the work's enduring success.
Study Guide
Question 1 (page 63 Literature 10, Volume 2):
Thus, we can conclude that "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo" harmoniously blends political analysis with deep lyrical sentiment, with a clear and coherent structure, sharp reasoning, and persuasive logic. Furthermore, it uses vivid imagery, with carefully selected examples. The work is celebrated as the "eternal masterpiece of bold rhetoric" and the second declaration of independence of the nation. It exposes the brutal, deceptive nature of the invading forces, while awakening a sense of patriotism and unity against foreign aggression.
Question 2 (page 63 Literature 10, Volume 2):
Sample Composition
We all have a homeland, and so do I. My hometown is Ba Vì. Located 60 km to the northwest of Hanoi, Ba Vì is a land rich in cultural and historical significance, home to three distinct ethnic groups—Kinh, Mường, and Dao—each with their own customs and cultural traditions. The first impression visitors may have of Ba Vì is its unique tangible and intangible cultural heritage. The legend of Sơn Tinh – Thủy Tinh, an epic tale of strength and resilience from Vietnam's ancient history, is deeply ingrained in the local consciousness. It is also associated with the revered deity Tản Viên, the First Immortal, whose spiritual influence is celebrated in the region. Ba Vì boasts many historic and cultural landmarks, such as the temples of Đền Thượng, Đền Trung, and Đền Hạ dedicated to Tản Viên, and other nationally recognized sites like the Tây Đằng Temple and Chu Quyến Temple, as well as the ancient Thụy Phiêu Temple. Additionally, Ba Vì is famous for its local delicacies such as fresh milk, yogurt, and sticky rice with yogurt. The more I reflect on my hometown, the more I appreciate the simple yet profound beauty of Ba Vì. It will always hold a special place in my heart.
2. Sample Lesson Plan No. 5
Part I
EXPLANATORY PARAGRAPH
1.
a. A paragraph is understood as a formal unit of writing, where each line break represents the start of a new paragraph. To form a paragraph, one must insert a line break. A paragraph should be complete both in terms of content and structure.
b. A paragraph must meet the following requirements:
- Focus on clarifying a single, unified idea or theme.
- Be tightly connected to the preceding and following paragraphs.
- Be expressed accurately and clearly.
- Be engaging and compelling.
2.
- Similarities: both narrative and explanatory paragraphs describe events or phenomena, and the writer must observe carefully.
- Differences: Narrative writing includes events and developments, while explanatory writing presents knowledge in an objective manner to help the reader understand the characteristics of things and how to use them beneficially.
3. Ideas are organized in chronological, spatial, cognitive, or argumentative order to make the paragraph more engaging and persuasive.
Part II
WRITING AN EXPLANATORY PARAGRAPH
1.
a. About a scientist:
- Briefly introduce their name, hometown, and field of expertise.
- Describe their journey into science, whether smooth or filled with obstacles.
- Highlight their contributions to the scientific community.
- Provide insight into their personal life.
b. About a literary work:
- The author, the context of the work's creation, and its genre.
- Themes and ideas explored.
- Artistic features that stand out.
- Evaluation of its significance and lasting impact.
2. Choosing the idea “The artistic brilliance of the work *The Judge’s Tale at Tản Viên Temple*”:
“In *The Judge’s Tale at Tản Viên Temple*, the most remarkable artistic feature is the supernatural element. Ngô Tử Văn, a mortal man, triumphs over the ghost of an enemy, entering a realm beyond the human world. Nguyễn Dữ skillfully blends the supernatural with reality, enhancing the mystical and captivating allure of the tale while reflecting on the human place in the universe and the spiritual beliefs of ancient Vietnam, where the afterlife mirrors the real world.”
Exercise
Question 1 (Page 63, 10th-grade Literature Textbook)
This passage follows the previous one and summarizes the value and influence of the work:
“Thus, *The Judge’s Tale at Tản Viên Temple* not only praises the bravery and righteousness of Ngô Tử Văn, a Vietnamese intellectual, fighting evil to protect the people, but also reflects the belief in justice—the triumph of good over evil. Furthermore, it embodies the characteristic artistic style of folk tales, blending the supernatural.”
Question 2 (Page 63, 10th-grade Literature Textbook)
Outline for an explanatory essay on the author Nguyễn Trãi.
Introduction
- Nguyễn Trãi, a national hero known worldwide.
- A renowned military leader who founded the Lê Dynasty and also a great poet.
Body
1. Life and Career
- Nguyễn Trãi (1380–1442), pen name Ức Trai, originally from Hải Dương.
- He was born into a family with a strong tradition of patriotism and literature.
- In 1400, Nguyễn Trãi passed the imperial exams and both his father and he served as officials.
- In 1407, after the Hồ Dynasty's failure and the Chinese Ming occupation, Nguyễn Trãi joined the Lam Sơn resistance against the invaders.
- By 1428, with the victory over the Ming army, Nguyễn Trãi wrote the famous *Bình Ngô Đại Cáo* declaration.
- After a brief period in power, his family fell victim to internal palace intrigue, and Nguyễn Trãi withdrew from public life.
- In 1442, he was wrongfully accused and his family was executed. The injustice was only corrected in 1464 under King Lê Thánh Tông.
- Nguyễn Trãi was later recognized as a cultural hero in 1980.
2. Contributions to Literature
- Apart from his military achievements, Nguyễn Trãi made significant contributions to literature, which remain valuable today.
- His works, written in both Chinese and Vietnamese characters, span genres from political essays to lyrical poetry.
- He is celebrated for his poetry collections, *Ức Trai Thi Tập* and *Quốc Âm Thi Tập*.
- As a political thinker, his key works include *Quân Trung Từ Mệnh Tập* and *Bình Ngô Đại Cáo*.
- His writings reflect deep patriotism, compassion for the people, and moral ideals. His poetry is heartfelt, simple, and closely connected to reality.
Conclusion
- Nguyễn Trãi is deserving of his status as a national hero and as a major figure in both literature and history.
- His life, though tragic, left a legacy that continues to inspire admiration.
3. Sample Lesson Plan No. 1
I. Explanatory Paragraph
1. a. A paragraph is a section of a text, beginning with an indented line and continuing until a line break. A paragraph should be complete in both content and structure.
b. An effective paragraph must meet the following criteria:
- It should focus on a single, unified idea or theme.
- There should be a strong connection to the preceding and following paragraphs.
- The expression should be clear and precise.
- It should be engaging and captivating.
2. Similarities and Differences Between Narrative and Explanatory Paragraphs:
- Similarities: Both describe an event or phenomenon, and the writer must observe carefully.
- Differences:
+ Narrative paragraphs are primarily used to tell a story or evoke emotions.
+ Explanatory paragraphs are primarily used to inform and provide understanding.
3. Structure of an Explanatory Paragraph:
- Introduction
+ Development of the paragraph
+ Conclusion
- The organization of ideas in chronological, spatial, cognitive, or argumentative order makes the paragraph more compelling and interesting.
II. Writing an Explanatory Paragraph
1. Outline for Writing an Explanatory Essay on a Scientist or Literary Work:
a. About a Scientist:
- Introduce their name, hometown, and area of expertise.
- Discuss their major contributions to the field.
- Provide a brief overview of their personal life.
b. About a Literary Work:
- Introduce the author, the context of the work’s creation, and its genre.
- Explain the themes and artistic features of the work.
- Evaluate the significance of the work.
2. Introduction
Introduce the chosen author or work for explanation.
Main Body
Creative Journey:
- Background, family history, education, and life journey.
- Key moments in their creative career and major works.
Artistic Style:
- Discuss key elements of the author’s content and themes in their work.
- Describe the artistic characteristics and unique features found in their works.
Conclusion
- Reaffirm the importance of the author or work discussed.
- Share thoughts on the author's life and literary contributions.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1 (Page 63, Grade 10 Literature Textbook):
Write a continuation of the paragraph.
Exercise 2 (Page 63, Grade 10 Literature Textbook):
Write an explanatory essay on a famous landmark.
Introduction:
Choose a landmark to introduce (e.g., Tràng An, Ha Long Bay, Hồ Dynasty Citadel, Bảo Đại Palace…)
Provide a general impression of the landmark.
Main Body:
* Location:
Where it is located, the exact address.
Size and scope of the landmark.
- Surrounding environment and scenery.
- Best modes of transportation to visit the site.
* Historical Context:
When it was built and by whom.
- How long it took to construct the site.
* Detailed Description:
- General view: What stands out the most about the site, the surrounding scenery.
Detailed features: Layout, sections, and how it is decorated.
* Cultural and Historical Value:
- How the landmark preserves the history of the region and its people.
+ Its contribution to the local landscape and cultural identity.
+ How it has become a popular tourist destination.
Conclusion:
Summarize personal impressions of the landmark.
5. Sample Lesson Plan No. 3
I. Explanatory Paragraph
Question 1 (Page 62, Literature 10, Volume 2):
a. A paragraph is a segment of a text, starting from the indented line to the point where the sentence ends. It must be complete in both meaning and structure.
b. A paragraph should meet the following requirements:
- Focus on elaborating a single, unified theme or idea.
- Maintain strong connections with both preceding and subsequent paragraphs.
- Ensure clarity and precision in expression.
- Be engaging and interesting.
Question 2 (Page 62, Literature 10, Volume 2): Similarities and differences between narrative and explanatory paragraphs:
- Similarities: both types must follow the structure of a paragraph, ensuring thematic unity and coherence with other paragraphs.
- Differences (due to differing writing purposes):
+ Narrative paragraph: mainly tells a story, describes, or expresses emotions.
+ Explanatory paragraph: primarily conveys factual information, without descriptive or emotional elements, focusing on logical and scientific reasoning.
Question 3 (Page 62, Literature 10, Volume 2):
- An explanatory paragraph generally consists of three parts: an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction presents the general idea, the body expands on it, and the conclusion summarizes the content.
- Ideas in the paragraph can be organized chronologically, spatially, by awareness, or through contrast and evidence to enhance the appeal and clarity.
II. Writing an Explanatory Paragraph
Question 1 (Page 62, Literature 10, Volume 2): General outline for the essay:
a. About a scientist:
- Introduce the name, birthplace, and field of study.
- Describe their journey into science, whether it was easy or full of obstacles.
- Discuss their contributions to science.
- Provide some details about their personal life.
b. About a literary work:
- Introduce the author, context of the work, and its genre.
- Examine the intellectual themes.
- Highlight its artistic features.
- Evaluate and summarize its value and impact.
Question 2 (Page 62, Literature 10, Volume 2): Develop the idea into a full paragraph:
Choose the theme “Artistic features of the work 'The Judgment of the Tản Viên Temple'”:
In 'The Judgment of the Tản Viên Temple,' the most notable artistic feature is the use of the supernatural. Ngô Tử Văn, a mortal, defeats the ghost of a soldier and descends into a spiritual realm. Nguyễn Dữ mixes supernatural elements with reality, which enhances the enchanting atmosphere and the mystical allure of the narrative, while also portraying humanity's position in the universe and the ancient Vietnamese spiritual worldview. The supernatural world mirrors the real world in this tale.
* When writing an explanatory paragraph, one should:
- Clearly define the position and content of the paragraph.
- Use transitions to ensure smooth connections between paragraphs and throughout the text.
- Organize ideas logically for clarity and coherence.
- Apply creative and effective explanatory techniques to make the paragraph engaging and vivid.
Practice
Question 1 (Page 63, Literature 10, Volume 2): The next paragraph should follow up on the previous one in Section II.2, which evaluates the value and impact of the work:
Thus, 'The Judgment of the Tản Viên Temple' not only highlights the courageous and upright spirit of Ngô Tử Văn, a Vietnamese intellectual who fights against evil to protect the people, but also reflects the people’s belief in justice – that righteousness will always prevail over wickedness. The work also incorporates a hallmark of the traditional narrative genre, particularly through its use of the supernatural.
Question 2 (Page 63, Literature 10, Volume 2): The prompt asks to introduce a famous landmark or scenic spot. Refer back to Essay 5 – Explanatory Writing.
The prompt asks to introduce a famous landmark or scenic spot. Refer back to Essay 5 – Explanatory Writing.
