Top 5 Best Essays on Đại cáo bình Ngô (Bình Ngô đại cáo) - Part II: The Work (Literature 10)

Buzz

Ngày cập nhật gần nhất: 1/5/2026

Content

1. Sample Essay 4

2. Sample Lesson Plan No. 5

3. Sample Lesson Plan 1

4. Reference Composition 2

5. Sample Lesson Plan No. 3

1. Sample Essay 4

Structure

- Paragraph 1 (from the beginning to 'evidence still recorded'): Introduces the main theme of justice.

- Paragraph 2 (up to 'Who says the people can endure?'): Accuses the crimes of the enemy.

- Paragraph 3 (up to 'small against large'): Describes the leader and the revolutionary forces in the early stages of the uprising.

- Paragraph 4 (up to 'the father sees what happened'): Describes the resistance movement leading to victory.

- Paragraph 5 (remaining): Declares peace and affirms the significance of the Lam Son uprising.

Content

- Đại cáo bình Ngô accuses the invading enemy and praises the Lam Son uprising.

- The work serves as a declaration of independence and an eternal epic of our nation.

- Masterful political rhetoric with profound lyrical inspiration.

Study Guide

Question 1 (page 22, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Structure as outlined above.

Question 2 (page 22, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. The author establishes the principle of justice as a basis for the entire report.

- This principle has two aspects: the idea of benevolence and the truth of Vietnam's independence.

b. After emphasizing the idea of benevolence, the author asserts Vietnam’s sovereignty as an obvious and long-standing truth.

c. The author’s writing method:

- Nguyễn Trãi identifies key factors for establishing independence and sovereignty: territorial boundaries, customs, culture, and history.

+ Uses comparative techniques in parallel structure.

+ Cites real examples (Lưu Cung, Triệu Tiết, Toa Đô).

- The author’s argumentation is logical and persuasive.

Question 3 (page 22, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. Nguyễn Trãi exposes the Minh invaders' schemes and crimes.

- Their scheme: the false accusation against the Hồ Dynasty.

- Their crimes:

+ Genocide and killing of innocent people.

+ Driving the people to death while plundering and destroying the country.

- Their plan to invade was the most insidious, and their crimes the most brutal.

b. Literary techniques:

- Combines specific and general details, using a list structure.

- Employs emotional and vivid language.

- The tone and rhythm are dynamic and varied, filled with rage and deep compassion.

Question 4 (page 22, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. The initial stage is depicted primarily through the image of Lê Lợi, the leader of the revolutionary forces.

- Early struggles:

+ Lack of troops, food, and talent.

+ The enemy was stronger, more brutal, and well-equipped.

- The hero Lê Lợi: determined to defeat the enemy, suffering greatly, yet resolute, calculating, and driven.

- The forces’ strength lay in unity and strategic military expertise.

+ Surprise tactics were crucial.

b. Key battles followed:

+ Northern campaigns: Tây Kinh, Đông Đô, Ninh Kiều, Tốt Động.

+ Strategic campaigns: Chi Lăng, Mã Yên, Xương Giang.

- Literary techniques:

+ Uses strong verbs, exaggerated imagery, and nature comparisons.

+ Describes the enemy’s fate in a tragic and vivid manner, employing symbolic and contrasting imagery.

- The heroic nature of the text:

+ The work is rich with heroic themes and diverse imagery, measured against the vastness of nature.

+ The sentence structure is dynamic, with a rhythm that is both invigorating and uplifting.

Question 5 (page 22, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The solemn tone is fitting for the declaration of independence:

+ This is a serious declaration of national independence and sovereignty.

+ It refers to the traditional strength, ancestral contributions, and the cyclical nature of prosperity and decline in Eastern philosophy.

- The historical lesson: the rise and fall of nations is inevitable, but resilience is built upon national revival.

- This lesson is crucial for all, particularly for those living in peace and independence.

Question 6 (page 22, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Artistic value:

+ Well-balanced structure.

+ Flexible sentence structure and tone.

+ Rich and varied language and imagery, both specific and general.

- Content value:

+ The essay summarizes the heroic yet arduous struggle of the people.

+ The author emphasizes the power of patriotism and benevolent thought.

+ Celebrates the heroic resistance and expresses deep national pride.

→ Đại cáo bình Ngô is a timeless epic of Vietnam, an immortal declaration of independence, with immense historical and literary value.

Illustration

2. Sample Lesson Plan No. 5

Question 1 (Page 22, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

Structure: 4 parts

- Part 1 (from the beginning to 'evidence still recorded'): affirms the idea of humanitarianism and the truth of national independence of Đại Việt (Humanitarianism is closely linked to patriotism and resistance against foreign invasion).

- Part 2 (from 'Just now' to 'Who says the people can tolerate it'): Denounces the crimes of the Ming invaders.

- Part 3 (from 'I, here, in Lam Son, raised the flag of revolt' to 'There has never been anything like this before'): Narrates the progression of the war from its beginnings to the final victory.

- Part 4 (remaining): Declares the final victory, asserting the righteousness of the cause.

Question 2 (Page 22, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a. The principle of righteousness serves as a foundation, providing valid support for the entire content of the declaration.

b. The introduction functions as a manifesto because the author not only presents a principle of righteousness but also establishes the undeniable truth of the nation's independence and sovereignty.

- The use of persuasive language with words asserting the long-established natural existence of Đại Việt.

- The artistic technique of comparison in parallel sentences.

- Citing specific examples.

Question 3 (Page 22, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a. The author denounces the crimes of the Ming invaders:

- First, exposing their devious plans of invasion.

- Then, accusing their inhumane and harsh ruling policies.

- The image of the Vietnamese people, suffering and cornered, reduced to the level of animals, is the most powerful depiction of the Ming's barbaric crimes.

b. Artistic techniques used in the denunciation:

- Combining specific and general details, listing items in succession, contrasting images of the enemy with innocent civilians.

- Sentences rich in emotion and imagery.

- The tone and rhythm shift dynamically, with accelerating tempo.

- The language alternates between rage, sorrow, and desperation…

Question 4 (Page 23, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a. The early phase of the rebellion:

- The author focuses on portraying Lê Lợi as the leader of the insurgent forces: reflecting on, hating the invaders, suffering, pondering, restless, determined...

- The early difficulties:

+ Scarcity of food, troops, and talented individuals.

+ Overwhelming hardships.

+ The enemy's large and well-equipped forces.

- Military strategy:

+ The people united as one…

+ The troops loyal to the cause…

+ A surprise attack strategy...

+ Ambush tactics...

+ Unity, determination, and brilliant military strategy, utilizing swift, decisive actions.

b. The counterattack phase - The victory of the rebellion:

- Major campaigns: Tây Kinh, Đông Đô, Ninh Kiều, Tốt Động.

- Successful counteroffensives: Chi Lăng, Mã Yên, Xương Giang.

=> Describing the battles:

- Using strong verbs, grandiose metaphors comparing the battles to majestic natural phenomena.

- A continuous listing of concrete examples.

Question 5 (Page 23, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

- The tone: solemn, dignified, slow-paced, summarizing the rebellion and asserting the truth of independence.

- The lasting historical lessons:

+ Overcoming historical challenges solidifies the nation's independence.

+ The synergy of traditional strength and modern power secured the victory.

Question 6 (Page 23, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a. Content: The Đại cáo Bình Ngô can be considered a declaration of independence, proclaiming the human right to life. The text emphasizes humanitarianism, patriotism, and national pride.

b. Technique: The text skillfully blends rhetoric with literary elements. It follows the traditional structure of a formal proclamation, using humanitarian principles and national independence as foundational truths. The author combines logical argumentation with emotional depth and artistic imagery.

Illustration

3. Sample Lesson Plan 1

Question 1 (Page 22, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2):

The Great Proclamation of Bình Ngô is divided into four sections:

+ Section 1 (from the beginning to "evidence still remains"): Affirms the idea of humanity, the truth of national independence of Đại Việt.

+ Section 2 (from "Recently" to "Who says the people can endure?"): Denounces and condemns the crimes of the Minh invaders.

+ Section 3 (from "We here in Lam Sơn raised the rebellion" to "This has never been seen before"): Describes the course of the war, from the beginning to the complete victory.

+ Section 4 (the remainder): Declares independence and draws lessons from history.

Question 2 (Page 22, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2):

a. Nguyễn Trãi presents the principle of humanitarian thought.

- The thought of humanity.

- The truth about the independent existence and sovereignty of Đại Việt.

b. The introduction serves as a declaration of national independence.

+ The author presents the rightful truth, and the objective truth about the independent existence and sovereignty.

+ A full presentation of the concept of nationhood, where Nguyễn Trãi outlines clearly: territorial boundaries, customs, an ancient culture, a distinct history, a unique system, and outstanding people.

c. Affirming the freedom and independence with persuasive reasoning:

+ Emphasizing the natural, longstanding nature of this independence (from the past, always known, long established, divided, distinct).

+ Using artistic comparisons in parallel sentences.

+ Providing real-life examples (Lưu Cung, Triệu Tiết, Toa Đô).

- A well-structured argument that makes the declaration even more convincing.

Illustration

4. Reference Composition 2

The first question (page 23, Literature 10, Volume 2) consists of four sections: 1. The first section presents the main argument of justice. 2. The second section accuses the enemy of their crimes. 3. The third section discusses the progress of the Lam Son rebellion and its inevitable victory. 4. The fourth section declares independence and offers historical lessons. The second question (page 23, Literature 10, Volume 2): a. Nguyen Trai presents the principle of justice as the foundation and solid basis for the entire argument in the memorial. - The principle of justice contains two main ideas: + The concept of human kindness. + The truth about the independent existence and sovereignty of our Dai Viet nation. b. The introduction serves as a declaration of independence because: - The author presents two truths: the truth about justice and the objective truth of the independent existence and sovereignty of Dai Viet, firmly grounded in historical facts. - The elements that establish national independence and sovereignty include: + Territory. + Customs and traditions. + A long-standing civilization. + A unique history. + A distinct regime, with 'heroes in every era.' → Nguyen Trai's concept of nationhood is defined clearly and completely. c. To assert the right to freedom and independence, and to emphasize national pride, the author uses compelling language: + Words that assert the natural, long-standing, and inherent nature of Dai Viet (e.g., 'since ancient times,' 'already established,' 'long ago,' 'divided,' 'also different'). + The use of artistic comparisons in parallel sentences (contrasting our country with the Northern Court). + Real-life examples (stories about Liu Gong, Trieu Tiet, Toa Do). The third question (page 23, Literature 10, Volume 2): a. The crimes of the enemy: - Exposing their invasion plot: + Exposing the deceptive claim 'defeat the Tran, destroy the Ho.' + The traitors who sold the country, following the enemy for wealth and power. - Condemning their malicious governance. - Strongly accusing the enemy of their heinous actions: + Barbaric mass murder, 'Roasting the common people…' + Deceiving the heavens and deceiving the people. + Heavy taxation. + Plundering resources. + Destroying the environment. + Exploiting forced labor. + Destroying traditional industries. - The most barbaric crime is the mass killing of innocent civilians in a medieval fashion, 'roasting the common people' and 'burying the red children.' → The image of the oppressed, pitiable, and suffering people. → The image of the enemy: ruthless, inhuman, like demons. b. The artistic features of the passage that denounces the enemy's crimes: - Emotional, vivid sentences: 'Roasting the common people on a cruel flame / Burying the red children in the pit of calamity.' - Flexible change in tone. - Increasing speed of the sentence rhythm. - The sharp, passionate tone of the accusations: when rage overflows, when deep compassion is felt, sometimes shouting loudly, other times choked with emotion. - Use of artistic techniques: exaggeration, listing, contrast, rhetorical questions, etc. The fourth question (page 23, Literature 10, Volume 2): a. The early stage of the Lam Son uprising: - Difficulties: lack of talent, food, army, etc. - The hero Le Loi represents the will and determination of the whole nation: + Of humble origin. + Humble self-reflection. + Deep hatred for the enemy. + Grand ideals and aspirations. + Strong resolve to achieve these ideals. → The central image of the rebellion, representing the unity of an ordinary man and the leader of the revolt. - The strength of our victory lies in our determination and the solidarity of the people. b. The battles: - In the counterattack phase: fast-paced, swift victories, mostly fought in mountainous and midland areas. - In the full-scale counteroffensive: fighting fiercely, comprehensively, across all fronts, all terrains, continuously defeating the enemy. - Describing the victory with heroic, grandiose literary techniques: + Rich, diverse imagery, measured by the vastness and grandeur of nature. + Strong verbs connecting to create a rhythmic, intense movement. + Adjectives at the extreme level, creating two opposing scenes representing our triumphant momentum and the enemy's great defeat. + The rhythm of the text is fast, uplifting, and exhilarating; the sound is loud and heroic, like waves and storms. + Tone: sometimes heroic, lively; sometimes sorrowful and sentimental. + The events are listed continuously, rapidly. The fifth question (page 23, Literature 10, Volume 2): - The tone shifts to a solemn, proud one as these are reflections that summarize history. - Historical lessons: + The law of natural cycles (decline and prosperity) that applies to all nations. + The combination of traditional strength and modern power led to victory. - The lesson for us today: + The principle of placing the people at the center, with high ideals of humanity and compassion as the foundation. + The development of the nation and country is based on absorbing, developing, and advancing the values of the past. The sixth question (page 23, Literature 10, Volume 2): a. The Great Memorial of the Ngô Dynasty is a declaration of human rights because: - The Great Memorial is a declaration of national independence and sovereignty. - It is an indictment of the enemy's crimes. - It is an epic about the Lam Son uprising and the victory of our forces. → This is an immortal piece of heroic writing. b. The Great Memorial is a masterpiece combining political discourse with literary art: - Creative use of the structure of memorials. - A perfect blend of reason and practice, narrative, lyrical, and heroic epic styles. - The use of many literary techniques: listing, contrasting, exaggerating, etc. - Highly expressive imagery.

Illustrative Image

5. Sample Lesson Plan No. 3

Guidelines for Lesson Preparation

Structure: The structure is divided into numbered sections as in the textbook:

- Section 1: Present the main argument for justice.

- Section 2: Expose the enemy's crimes.

- Section 3: Narrate the heroic struggles and ultimate victory of the uprising.

- Section 4: Declare the victory and affirm the righteous cause.

Question 1 (page 22, Vietnamese Language 10 Textbook, Volume 2):

The content of each paragraph aligns with the overall theme of the proclamation, emphasizing the thoughts of humanity and national independence, expressed through clear, historical, and self-evident terms.

Question 2 (page 22, Vietnamese Language 10 Textbook, Volume 2): Opening paragraph:

a. The truths that are established as the foundation for the entire proclamation: The humanistic ideology and the undeniable truth of Vietnam's independence.

b. The opening paragraph serves as a declaration of independence, where the author presents the righteous cause, asserting Vietnam's independence and sovereignty as an undeniable truth.

c. The author's writing style: straightforward, assertive language, with parallel structure (the dynasties), using five key historical and practical elements.

Question 3 (page 22, Vietnamese Language 10 Textbook, Volume 2): Paragraph 2:

a. The conspiracies and crimes exposed by the author:

- Conspiracy: deceitful rhetoric about Trần's downfall and plans to annex Vietnam.

- Crimes: massacres, exploitation of the people of Đại Việt, oppression of the common folk, among others.

b. Artistic techniques in the accusation: The listing of crimes, striking imagery, lyrical storytelling, and vivid similes (the Ming forces likened to bloodthirsty demons or starving tigers); a resolute tone in the writing.

Question 4 (page 23, Vietnamese Language 10 Textbook, Volume 2): Paragraph 3:

a. The early stages of the rebellion:

- Challenges: scarcity of food, soldiers, and talent; a powerful enemy.

- The hero Lê Lợi: Born into a poor farming family, rising from the mountains to fight for the people. Driven by hatred for the invaders, with a deep sense of mission and determination to fight.

- The strength that led to victory was the unity of the people.

b. The counter-offensive and triumph:

- Major battles: The West Kinh battle, the recapture of Đông Đô; the Ninh Kiều and Tốt Động defeats of the enemy; the Chi Lăng battle where the Ming general Liễu Thăng was decapitated; and the Xương Giang battle with rivers of blood.

- Artistic description:

+ The use of similes to contrast the Vietnamese forces with the enemy: our forces are like thunder and lightning, while the invaders cower, blood flowing like rivers, and their leaders begging for mercy.

+ The use of repetition, varied sentence lengths, and flexible phrasing creates a rhythm that emphasizes the heroic and triumphant mood.

- The heroic nature of the battle: The imagery is grand, measuring the vastness of nature, with varied sentence rhythms creating a sense of urgency and excitement.

Question 5 (page 23, Vietnamese Language 10 Textbook, Volume 2): Conclusion:

- The tone is solemn and dignified, a proclamation of independence and sovereignty, invoking the pride of the nation's ancestors.

- The historical lesson: Victory and independence were achieved through the strength of the people, national pride, and the reminder of historical contributions.

Question 6* (page 23, Vietnamese Language 10 Textbook, Volume 2):

a. Content: Đại cáo Bình Ngô is a declaration of independence, asserting human rights and national sovereignty. It champions humanism, patriotism, and national self-respect.

b. Artistic technique: The text combines political rhetoric with literary elements, balancing logical argumentation with the emotional power of artistic imagery. The author skillfully merges persuasive logic with evocative symbolism.

Illustrative Image

Mytour's content is for customer care and travel encouragement only, and we are not responsible.

For errors or inappropriate content, please contact us at: [email protected]