Top 5 Best Essays on Practicing Rhetorical Devices: Repetition and Contrast (Literature 10)

I - PRACTICE ON REPETITION TECHNIQUE (REPETITION OF WORDS)

1. Read the materials in the textbook and answer the following questions:

a.

* Text 1

- Meaning: In the text, "spring buds" evokes the image of a young girl. The blooming of "spring buds" is like "she is married now". If the wording is changed, the connection would become faint, and the line would seem to describe a species instead of a deeper emotion. The repetition in the second and third lines emphasizes and slows down the rhythm, reflecting the feeling of surprise and disappointment the boy feels upon hearing that the girl he loves is getting married.

- Melody: Although the first three lines do not rhyme, the repetition creates a specific musical rhythm. If changed, this unique rhythm would be lost.

Now she has a husband,

Like a bird in a cage, like a fish caught on a hook.

A fish caught, how can it be freed?

A bird in a cage, when can it escape?

- This repetition underscores the trapped situation, the sorrow, dependence, and helplessness of a woman in a traditional marriage. Without the repetition, the comparison would still make sense, but the emotional weight is amplified through the repeated phrases. The girl is affirming to the boy that her situation is unchangeable.

b. In the sentences from text (2), the repetition of words is not a rhetorical device but simply a way to create symmetry and rhythm to clearly express the intended meaning.

c. Definition of repetition: Repetition is a rhetorical technique where certain elements (sounds, rhythm, words, phrases) are repeated to emphasize, express emotions, or create imagery.

2. Homework:

a. Find three examples of repeated words or sentences that are not used for rhetorical effect:

- He drinks a lot, talks a lot, and sings a lot too.

- Literature helps us understand life, literature also fuels our dreams.

- I love the people of the South, love the sun and the wind of the South.

b. Find three examples of repetition in the texts we've studied:

Repetition is commonly used in literature, especially in poetry (folk songs, excerpts from love stories, the "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo" by Nguyễn Trãi, and excerpts from "Truyện Kiều" by Nguyễn Du).

Example 1 - Repetition of words:

People go to plant rice for a living,

I go to plant rice with many concerns

Watching the sky, watching the earth, watching the clouds

Watching the rain, watching the sun, watching the days, watching the nights

Hoping for steady feet, soft rocks

Peaceful sky, calm seas, peaceful heart

(Folk song)

Example 2 - Repetition of phrases:

Our Party, with a hundred hands and a thousand eyes

Our youth, with bones of steel and skin of bronze

Our Party, countless workers

Our Party, countless hearts full of belief.

(Tố Hữu)

Example 3 - Repetition of structure:

Bamboo rushes into tanks and cannons. Bamboo protects the village, protects the country, protects the thatched roof, protects the ripe rice fields. Bamboo sacrifices to protect humanity. Bamboo, a labor hero! Bamboo, a hero in combat!

c. Write a short paragraph using repetition:

My homeland is not just the white storks flying straight across the field, not just the banyan tree, the well, and the village yard. My homeland encompasses everything: it’s my childhood, my family, my childhood friends, those afternoons sneaking out to play, those full moon nights with the moon goddess. My homeland is the past, the present, and even the future.

II - PRACTICE ON CONTRAST TECHNIQUE

1. Read the materials in Section II. (Textbook pages 125, 126) and answer the questions:

a. Both texts (1) and (2) arrange words symmetrically in the sentences. Each sentence has two parts, each part consisting of three words. The symmetry is created by the use of contrast.

The placement of nouns (bird, human / clan, ancestry), adjectives (hungry, torn, clean, fragrant), and verbs (have, kill, eliminate) is balanced because they appear in similar positions in each clause (for example, the two nouns “bird” and “human” appear at the start of each part; the adjectives “clean” and “fragrant” appear at the end of each part, etc.).

b. In texts (3) and (4), different types of contrast are used:

- Text (3) employs partial contrast within a sentence (Round moon face / blossoming face, Clouds pale against the hair / snow yields to the skin).

- Text (4) uses contrast between two sentences (Planning for gardens and joy with the moon / My fate entwined with the world of the afterlife) - This is a contrast structure between sentences.

c. Contrast is also found in works like "Hịch Tướng Sĩ" by Trần Quốc Tuấn, "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo" by Nguyễn Trãi, and "Truyện Kiều" by Nguyễn Du. For example:

- Hịch Tướng Sĩ:

+ A hundred bodies exposed on the field / A thousand corpses wrapped in the horse’s skin;

+ Either by chicken fights for fun / Or gambling to pass time / Or enjoying the joys of farming / Or caring for wife and children;...

- Bình Ngô Đại Cáo:

+ The righteousness of the people lies in peace / The army moves to suppress injustice;

+ The sword is honed on stone, stone must wear down / The elephant drinks from the river, the river must dry up;...

- Truyện Kiều: The sword and the lute half-loaded / The land and the people with one paddle; The rider on horseback / The one sharing clothes...

- The Tang Dynasty poem by Bà Huyện Thanh Quan:

Longing for the country, the heart aches with the cry of the cuckoo

Feeling homesick, the mouth weary with the phrase ‘family’

(Through the Ngang Pass)

- Couplets:

A dye worker dies. His wife asks the scholar Tam Nguyên Yên Đổ to write a pair of couplets. Nguyễn Khuyến writes:

I recount since the red leafed love was woven, in the purple fortune, at the dark moment, the foolish and wise, with the blessings of my father / The man in the golden stream does not know, with my rosy cheeks, white teeth, and a blue spirit with the blue sky.

d. Definition of contrast: Contrast is the arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in symmetrical positions, creating effects of similarity or opposition to evoke a sense of completeness, harmony, and convey a particular meaning.

2. Analyze the materials in Section 2 (Textbook page 126) and answer the questions:

a.

- The use of contrast in proverbs helps make them memorable and easy to recall.

- The wording in proverbs is almost fixed and cannot be easily substituted because each proverb has a set structure, much like idioms or expressions. Moreover, proverbs use contrast with precise balance, so changing one word would disrupt the balance.

- Contrast in proverbs often comes with other rhetorical devices such as rhyme, metaphor, comparison, and personification. Proverbs are typically short and often omit certain parts...

b. Proverbs are brief yet encapsulate broad phenomena, and even those who have not studied them can remember them. The reason for this is that proverbs are carefully chosen, polished, rhyme, and have a balanced contrast, making them easy to remember after just one hearing.

3. Homework:

a. Find an example for each type of contrast:

Example:

- Tone contrast: The bird has a nest / The person has a clan: (“nest” is a falling tone / “clan” is a level tone).

- Meaning contrast: Near ink, one becomes dark / Near a lamp, one becomes bright: (ink - bad / lamp - good).

- Part of speech contrast: Hungry but clean / Torn but fragrant: (the words share the same part of speech: hungry - torn; clean - fragrant).

b. There are many ways to create contrast; we should refer to the couplets of ancient scholars to learn how to craft symmetrical clauses and structures for contrast.

EXERCISE ON REPETITION (REPETITIVE LANGUAGE)

Question 1 (Page 124 of Literature Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

a. Text (1):

- The phrase 'nụ tầm xuân' is repeated unchanged to help:

+ The rhythm of the poem seems to pause, expressing the shock and regret of the young man upon hearing that the woman he loves is getting married.

+ If replaced with the phrase 'hoa tầm xuân', it would lose the implication that the girl is still in her youth (before marriage) and disrupt the coherence with the subsequent idea of blossoming. Replacing it with 'hoa cây này' would strip the expression of its aesthetic beauty and meaning, much like replacing it with 'hoa tầm xuân'.

+ The repeated phrases 'cá mắc câu' and 'chim vào lồng' in the following lines emphasize the girl's trapped situation. Without this repetition, the comparison would still be clear but would not highlight the sense of hopelessness and the tragic, stagnant situation between the two characters. This repetition is different from 'nụ tầm xuân' because while it repeats at the end of the second line and beginning of the third line, the phrases 'chim vào lồng' and 'cá mắc câu' are split and repeated at the beginning of the third and fourth lines respectively.

b. The repetition of words in these examples does not serve a rhetorical purpose but simply creates rhythm, balance, and harmony for ease of memorization and recall.

c. Repetition: A rhetorical device that repeats a linguistic element (sound, rhythm, word, phrase) to emphasize, express emotions, or create vivid imagery in artistic language.

Question 2 (Page 125 of Literature Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

a. Three examples of word and sentence repetition with no rhetorical value: 'Eat well to be full, wrap tightly to stay warm'; 'The good leaf covers the torn leaf'; 'In the bowl, it's round; in the tube, it's long.'

b. Three examples from literature that use repetition:

'The scent ignites the soul, lost in rapture'

'The mirror reflects the sorrow, tears like pearls'

'The steel clutches, strumming the strings'

+ 'When sobering up after the wine, late in the night/I startle myself with sorrow and regret.'

+ 'Who has a gun, use the gun. Who has a sword, use the sword, if no sword, then use hoes, shovels, or sticks. Everyone must fight against French colonialism.'

c. Write a paragraph using repetition on a topic of your choice.

EXERCISE ON ANTITHESIS

Question 1 (Page 126 of Literature Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

a. In Texts (1) and (2), the special arrangement of words makes each sentence split into two parts with an equal number of syllables, creating a rhythmic, balanced effect. This division is connected by the rhetorical device of antithesis. The positions of nouns (bird, person; nest, clan), adjectives (hungry, torn; clean, fragrant), and verbs (to have, to destroy, to eliminate) oppose each other due to their similar grammatical placements in each part.

b. Text (3) uses 'minor antithesis' (The moon's round shape compared to the full form of the person's face, Clouds are outshined by the brilliance of the skin). In Text (4), the antithesis occurs between two sentences.

c. Some examples of antithesis:

- From 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo': 'From the Triệu, Đinh, Lý, and Trần dynasties, a foundation of independence was established / Alongside the Han, Tang, Song, and Yuan, each empire stood strong in its region.'

- From 'The Tale of Kiều':

'The wind stirs the leaves, the birds flutter'

'In the morning, Tống Ngọc departs, and in the evening, Trường Khanh seeks'

'When sobering up after the wine, late in the night'/ 'I startle myself with sorrow and regret'

- In the poem 'Tự tình' by Hồ Xuân Hương: 'The moss grows in clusters across the ground / Breaking through the clouds, boulders scattered all around.'

d. Definition: Antithesis is a rhetorical device that uses balanced or opposing words, phrases, or structures to create harmony in sound, rhythm, and meaning, highlighting a concept or contrast.

Question 2 (Page 126 of Literature Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

a. Antithesis in proverbs serves to create musicality, balance, and harmony, making them easy to remember and repeat. The words in these proverbs cannot be substituted, as they are specifically chosen to maintain balance both in word types and meanings, aligning with the linguistic habits of the people. Antithesis often works in conjunction with rhyme, word choice, and structure to enhance its effect.

b. Proverbs, although brief, are concise and carry high generalization, rich in imagery. The use of antithesis in proverbs makes them easier to recall, retain, and spread, as they encapsulate centuries-old wisdom passed down through generations.

Question 3 (Page 126 of Literature Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

a. Find examples of different types of antithesis:

- 'On the bench, the woman straightens the duck's tail / In the yard, the man raises his dragon's head' (Tú Xương)

- 'As long as there’s silver, money, and followers / When there’s no rice or wine, my friend departs' (Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm)

- 'Tomorrow’s elegance is like snow, clear in mind / Each person unique, flawless in form' (Nguyễn Du)

- 'The moon is split in two / One side on the pillow, the other shines far away' (Nguyễn Du)

b. Write your own antithesis pairs: Students to create their own.

I. Exercise on Repetition (Repetitive Phrasing)

1. a. If the phrase 'nụ tầm xuân' is replaced with 'hoa cây này', the poetic line loses its logical connection and artistic aesthetic.

+ 'Nụ tầm xuân' metaphorically represents the young woman.

+ Through repetition, lines 2 and 3 acquire rhythm, musicality, and a harmonious balance.

- In Text (2), the repetition emphasizes and deepens the girl's sense of entrapment. Without this comparison, the girl's married status would not be vividly conveyed.

c. Repetition is a rhetorical device involving the repetition of words, phrases, or structures (sounds, rhythms, or words) to emphasize, convey emotions, or create vivid imagery.

2. Three examples of word and sentence repetition with no rhetorical value:

- Repetition without rhetorical purpose is commonly found in texts.

- He drinks, talks a lot, sings a lot.

- Literature helps us understand life, and literature also nourishes the human soul.

- I love the beauty of Ha Giang’s landscapes, but I love even more the hearts of the people of Ha Giang.

Repetition of words:

- He leaves, yet he remembers home.

He remembers the morning glory, remembers the sour pickled eggplant.

- The rice grains of my village

Have the taste of fertile riverbanks

From the Kinh Thầy River

And the fragrance of lotus flowers

In the full lake

Accompanied by my mother’s songs

Savory and bitter...

- The hill is steep, the valley deep.

c. Write a paragraph using repetition:

Vietnamese is a beautiful part of the culture of the Vietnamese people. Vietnamese is not only a means of conveying information but also carries messages that reflect the speaker’s emotions. Today, young people are too busy chasing foreign languages as trends, forgetting the pure and familiar beauty of the Vietnamese language.

II. EXERCISE ON ANTITHESIS

In Texts 1 and 2, the arrangement of words features regular sentence divisions that mirror each other.

The division into balanced sentence halves enhances the cohesion between the phrases, making them harmonious in meaning.

b. In Texts 3 and 4, antithesis appears with opposite ideas or sounds:

- In Text (3): The face and the shape are contrasted: 'Khuôn trăng' vs 'nét ngài'; 'full' vs 'blossoming'...

- In Text (4), the antithesis is built on the contrasting ideas and tones.

c. Antithesis in the “Appeal to the General”:

'I often forget to eat, slap my knees at midnight, my stomach hurts terribly, tears flow, I am angry that I haven’t yet skinned the enemy, swallowed their livers, and drunk their blood.'

In 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo':

+ Deceiving the heavens and fooling the people, using thousands of plans / Waging war, making enemies, over twenty years

+ The people from all regions unite as one, raising the flag high.

+ The soldiers are united, their bonds as deep as father and son, sharing a cup of wine made from river water.

- In 'The Tale of Kiều':

'When sobering up after the wine, late at night'

'I startle myself with sorrow and regret'

'Tiger’s beard, swallow’s jaw, noble brow'

'A five-foot broad shoulder, a ten-foot tall body.'

d. Antithesis is the arrangement of words or phrases in opposite or balanced positions to create a symmetrical or contrasting effect, contributing to a cohesive, harmonious expression.

2. Antithesis in proverbs highlights balance and harmony, allowing for concise, memorable expressions.

- The structure of proverbs is tightly organized, making it difficult to replace words without altering the meaning.

- Typically, antithesis in proverbs relies on rhyme, word types, and sentence structures.

b. Proverbs are brief but profound, and through the use of antithesis, they are easy to remember and pass on.

3. Types of antithesis:

- Meaning-based: Dragonflies fly low, it will rain; fly high, it will be sunny; fly moderately, it will be cloudy.

- Sound-based: Eat from the tree, fence the tree.

- Part-of-speech-based: From boredom to desire, the dog hangs and the cat covers.

- Sentence-based contrast:

'When the stars fall like brocades, the moon is full'

'When the stars scatter, like flowers in the street' (from 'The Tale of Kiều' by Nguyễn Du)

I. Exercise on Repetition (Repetitive Phrasing)

Question 1 (pages 124 - 125, Literature 10, Volume 2):

(1)

- In Text (1), the image of the spring buds is repeated exactly in the third line of the poem. It cannot be replaced with the phrases 'spring flowers' or 'this flower'.

⇒ The spring buds evoke a strong association between the image of the buds and a young woman.

- In Text (1), the repetition serves to emphasize and deepen the girl's difficult situation. Without this comparison, the idea that the girl is 'married' would not be as vivid or clear. The repetition here, particularly with the phrase 'spring buds', mirrors the cyclical nature of the situation (repetitive structure).

- The repeated phrase: spring buds, bird in the cage, fish caught on a hook: serves a rhetorical purpose, making the line more fluid, clarifying the comparison (emphasizing the image of the spring buds and portraying the state of being trapped like a bird in a cage or fish on a hook).

(2)

- Repeated words: 'near', 'have', 'because'

- Repeated rhyme: 'ien'

⇒ Emphasizes the idea, but has no rhetorical value.

(3)

Repetition is a rhetorical device where one element (sound, rhythm, word, phrase, or sentence) is repeated to emphasize, convey emotion, and create vivid imagery.

Question 2 (page 125, Literature 10, Volume 2): Homework task

a. Find 3 examples of word or sentence repetition that lack rhetorical value:

- 'His heart beats faster, and he eats more meals, drinks more wine, and reads more books.'

('The Infinite in the Palm of the Hand', Literature 10, Volume 2, p.74)

- 'But to fight corruption, we first need to understand what corruption is.'

- 'The beauty of Nghệ An is not found in its fertile fields... the beauty of Nghệ Tĩnh is found in its majestic mountains.'

(Literature 10, Volume 2, p.54)

b. Examples of repetition in studied texts:

Example 1:

Can I send this heart through the wind?

A thousand gold coins to be sent to Mount Yen.

Even though Mount Yen may not be reached,

I still remember you, as if the path is endless.

(Chinh phụ ngâm)

Example 2:

I am the singing bird

I am the blooming flower

I join the chorus

A single note that stirs the heart.

(A Small Spring)

Example 3:

When I return, will you remember me?

Those fifteen years were full of deep affection.

When I return, will you remember me?

Look at the trees and think of the mountains, look at the rivers and remember the source.

(Việt Bắc)

c.

Homeland – two words filled with love that everyone who leaves longs to return to. It is the place where you were born and raised, where you grew up as a child. Homeland is where you have a happy family, always filled with laughter. It is where you hear the soft voice and warm smile of your grandmother waiting for you every evening after school. It is where you have close friends, where you play and fly kites by the clear, fresh river in the evening. Even when you grow up and travel to different parts of the country, the two sacred words 'Homeland' will always echo in your heart!

II. Exercise on Antithesis

Question 1 (pages 125 - 126, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. Example 1: Both halves are balanced in terms of syllables, with symmetrical positions for the types of words, repeating the grammatical structure.

b.

- Examples 2 and 4: The antithesis appears between two lines, following the same rule as in Example 1.

- Example 3: The antithesis is found between two halves of a poem’s couplet in a hexameter couplet.

c. Example of antithesis:

- In 'Appeal to the General':

'I often miss meals, slap my knees at midnight, my stomach hurts terribly, tears flow, I am angry that I haven’t yet skinned the enemy, swallowed their livers, and drunk their blood.'

- In 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo':

+ Deceiving heaven, tricking people, using countless schemes / Waging war, creating enemies, spanning over twenty years.

+ From the Triệu, Đinh, Lí, Trần dynasties, the foundation of independence was laid,

Along with the Hán, Tang, Song, Yuan dynasties, each claiming their imperial rule over one direction.

- In 'The Tale of Kiều':

'When sober from wine, in the late night'

'I startle myself, feeling deep sorrow.'

'Tiger’s beard, swallow’s jaw, noble brow'

'A five-foot broad shoulder, a ten-foot tall body.'

- In some other poems:

Sounding bustle at the fish market of the fisherman’s village

The echoes of the violin resonate at dusk

(Summer Day Scene)

History is full of resentments that can never be answered,

Fate’s mysterious vengeance, I carry it alone.

(Reading a Letter from the Little Queen)

d. Antithesis is the arrangement of words or sentences in balanced positions to create either similarity or contrast, evoking a sense of beauty and harmony in the expression.

Question 2 (page 126, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. Antithesis in proverbs creates balance, harmony, and condenses ideas, making them easy to remember and repeat.

- Words in proverbs cannot be easily replaced because they belong to a certain type of contrast. For example: 'buy' and 'sell' in the antithesis of word types and meaning.

- Usually, antithesis is based on linguistic features like rhyme, word choice, and sentence structure, especially focusing on words and sentences.

b. Because the expression in proverbs is concise and profound, and with the positive effect of antithesis, proverbs are easier to remember and circulate.

Question 3 (page 126, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a) Find an example for each type of antithesis:

- Sound-based antithesis (uneven vs even): The bird has its nest (uneven) / The person has their origin (even).

- Meaning-based antithesis: Near ink, one turns black / Near the light, one turns bright.

- Word-type-based antithesis (adjective vs adjective, noun vs noun, verb vs verb): Hungry for cleanliness, torn but fragrant; Beautiful because of silk, rice grows with fertilizer,...

- Sentence-based antithesis:

'When the stars fall like brocade, the sky is full'

'When the stars scatter, like flowers on the street.'

(The Tale of Kiều)

b) Create an antithesis for your friends to match.

Example: The New Year comes, the whole family is as joyful as the New Year.

Antithesis: Spring returns, the school is fragrant with spring flowers.

See more concise, beautiful compositions from Literature 10:

I. Practice on Repetition Techniques

1. Answer the questions

a. If replaced with "wild rose" or "this flower," the verse would change in several ways:

+ Meaning:

• It wouldn't evoke a connection to the girl; the line would just describe a flower.

• It wouldn't emphasize the message, causing the rhythm to stagnate.

• It wouldn't convey the sense of disillusionment or surprise in the boy's feelings.

+ Melody: It wouldn't create the unique rhythm like when repetition is used.

- Repeating the phrase "bird in the cage, fish on the hook":

+ It evokes a sense of entrapment, emphasizing the girl's loss of freedom after marriage.

+ It intensifies the sorrow and anguish of the person involved.

- The repetition method is similar to the "wild rose bud" above, employing a circular repetition style.

b. In examples (2), repeating the words is not a rhetorical repetition technique, but is used for symmetry and rhythm, ensuring clarity in expression.

c. Repetition is a rhetorical device built by repeating one or more elements (rhyme, rhythm, phrases, words) to emphasize, express emotions, and meanings, and can help evoke artistic imagery.

2. Homework

a. Three examples of word or phrase repetition with no rhetorical value:

- He eats a lot, drinks a lot, talks a lot, and sings a lot more.

- Hard work will eventually bring success.

- Literature helps us understand life, literature also fuels dreams.

b. Three examples from the literature we've studied, with repetition:

- Bamboo led the charge against tanks and cannons. Bamboo defended the village, the country, the thatched roof, and the ripe rice fields. Bamboo sacrificed to protect humanity… (Vietnamese Bamboo Tree - The New Steel)

- People go to plant rice for labor

Today I plant rice with many hopes

Hoping for good weather, hoping for the soil's bounty, hoping for the rain, hoping for the sunshine, hoping for day and night

Hoping that feet are firm, rocks soft

With peaceful skies, calm seas, a peaceful heart.

- Anyone with a gun, use the gun. Anyone with a sword, use the sword; anyone without a sword, use a hoe, a shovel, or a stick. Everyone must fight against French colonialists to save the country. (Call for Nationwide Resistance – Ho Chi Minh)

c. Sample paragraph

Winter is my favorite season of the year. It brings a chill in the air, light drizzling rain, and delicate snowflakes. Families gather around the warm hearth, the laughter and conversations chasing away the cold from the outside. The children don't mind the cold and continue playing, filling the neighborhood with joy. Winter also nurtures the plants, preparing them for the spring ahead.

II. Practice on Parallelism

1. Answer the questions

a. In examples (1) and (2), the words are balanced between the two parts of the sentences (each sentence contains two parts, each with three words).

- The balance between the two parts is achieved through the use of parallelism.

- The placement of nouns (bird, person / nest, ancestor...), adjectives (hungry, tattered, clean, fragrant...), verbs (have, destroy, eliminate...) creates balance by being placed symmetrically according to the grammatical structure of each part.

b. In examples (3) and (4), there are different forms of parallelism:

- Example (3) uses a small form of parallelism within a sentence.

- Example (4) employs parallelism between two sentences in the form of couplets.

c. Example of parallelism in:

- Hich Tuong Si:

+ This body is exposed to the grasslands / these bodies are wrapped in horse hides

+ Sometimes we play with rooster fights / sometimes we gamble for fun / sometimes we take pleasure in the fields / sometimes we cherish the family;...

- Binh Ngo Dai Cao:

+ The purpose of justice is to stabilize the people

The military's task is to eliminate evil;

+ Sharpening swords against rocks will wear them down

Elephants drink from the river, and the river must dry;

- The Tale of Kieu:

When sober / at the end of the night

Startled, I pity myself, heartbroken

- Tang Dynasty poetry: Through Deo Ngang by Ba Huyen Thanh Quan:

Bent over under the mountain, a few woodcutters

Scattered by the river, a few houses by the market

- Riddle: A child with a father is like a house with a roof / a child without a father is like a tadpole with a broken tail.

d. Parallelism is the technique of using words, images, sentence parts, or clauses in a balanced and symmetrical way in speech to create a rhythmic effect, emphasizing ideas, evoking associations, vivid imagery, and expressing emotions and thoughts.

2. Analyze the examples and answer the questions

a. Parallelism in proverbs helps the reader or listener remember and recall them easily.

- The words used in proverbs cannot be replaced because

+ Each proverb has a fixed structure, much like idiomatic expressions.

+ Proverbs use highly refined parallelism.

- It relies on accompanying language techniques like rhyming, figurative language (metaphor, comparison, personification...), short sentences, and omission of elements...

b. The way proverbs are expressed is concise, melodic, and balanced, making them memorable and hard to forget after hearing them just once.

3. Homework

a. Each type of parallelism with one example:

- Rhyming parallelism: The bird has a nest / the person has an ancestor

- Contrasting parallelism: Near ink, one turns black / near light, one turns bright

- Part of speech parallelism: Clean for purity / torn for beauty:

b. Sample example:

Spring arrives, and the whole family rejoices like New Year

The Spring returns, and the world is bathed in hues of Spring