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1. Reference Essay No. 4
I. In-Class Practice
1. The logical argument techniques studied
- Analytical argument: breaking the subject down into smaller elements to gain a deeper, clearer understanding.
- Comparative argument: comparing two objects or ideas to identify their similarities and differences.
- Explanatory argument: providing a clear and detailed explanation of a subject to ensure the reader or listener fully understands.
- Proving argument: aiming to convince others by offering solid evidence to support one’s viewpoint.
- Critical argument: trying to persuade others to agree with one’s opinion or analysis on a certain issue.
- Rebuttal argument: using reasoning and examples to dismiss opposing views.
2. The logical argument techniques in the Declaration of Independence excerpt:
- Analytical argument
- Proving argument
- Critical argument
- Rebuttal argument
3. Example outline on the topic of attire and culture
A. Introduction: presenting the topic for discussion
B. Main body:
- The current situation regarding clothing choices
- The significance of selecting appropriate attire
+ It reflects a person's profession, tastes, and aesthetic values.
+ It conveys personal character and confidence in social interactions.
+ It boosts self-esteem and success in social engagements.
- Concept of proper attire
+ Proper attire is simple, appropriate for the occasion, and context-specific.
+ Proper attire doesn’t need to be expensive; it should reflect personal style and age.
+ Avoid wearing overly revealing clothes or unsuitable outfits.
+ Opt for attire that is tasteful, balanced, and reflects individuality.
- Views on school uniforms
+ They enhance the beauty of student life and ensure seriousness in the academic environment.
+ They eliminate socioeconomic divisions among students.
+ They help instill pride and a sense of tradition within the school community.
+ The female student’s ao dai uniform symbolizes both beauty and national tradition.
C. Conclusion: summarizing the topic of discussion
II. At-Home Practice
1. Essays using multiple argument techniques:
- “An Era in Poetry” by Hoai Thanh
- “Nguyen Dinh Chieu – A Bright Star in National Literature” by Pham Van Dong
→ These authors skillfully employ techniques like analysis, commentary, and persuasion to create compelling, emotional, and convincing essays.
2. Example outline: The Classical and Modern Aspects of the Poem “Twilight”
A. Introduction: presenting the topic for analysis
B. Main body:
- Introduce the author and the work
- The first two lines
+ Classical features
• Classical poetic imagery: a flying bird, a cluster of clouds, etc.
• The use of the seven-syllable quatrain verse form
• The brushstroke technique in classical poetry
+ Modern features:
• The image of Uncle Ho’s bird, modernized in the poem
• It conveys a deep sense of longing, freedom, and a gentle yet hopeful view of nature, embracing warmth and life
- The last two lines:
+ Classical aspects
• Subtle imagery paired with the art of light and shadow in the poem, such as the use of the word “rosy” to signify hope.
+ The term “rosy” illuminates the poem, symbolizing hope and belief amidst darkness.
+ Modern aspects:
• The image of a village girl grinding corn near a glowing fire portrays the robust beauty of labor.
• The motion of the bird, cloud, laborer, and time shifts from evening to night, showing progression and vitality in the imagery.
- Artistic features
+ Evocative portrayal of nature through simplicity and honesty.
+ The fusion of classical and modern elements.
+ Vivid and powerful imagery.
C. Conclusion: summarizing the topic of discussion
2. Sample Lesson Plan No. 5
I - PRACTICE IN CLASS
Question 1 (page 174, Vietnamese Language Textbook 12, Part 1)
Logical techniques covered:
- Proof: Utilizing evidence and reasoning to convince the audience about an issue in life or literature.
- Explanation: Using reasoning and examples to help the reader or listener comprehend a specific issue in life or literature.
- Analysis: Breaking down an object into components for a closer examination to discover its core meaning. This allows for a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
- Comparison: Contrasting two or more objects or aspects of the same object or phenomenon to highlight similarities or differences. This reveals the unique features and value of each compared entity.
- Refutation: Using logic and examples to reject inaccurate or misleading views, followed by presenting one’s own stance to persuade others.
- Commentary: Proposing and convincing the audience to agree with your opinion, evaluation, or discussion of a phenomenon or topic.
Question 2 (page 174, Vietnamese Language Textbook 12, Part 1)
Logical techniques employed in the passage:
- Refutation: The actions contradict humanism and justice—refuting the deceptive claims by the French regarding their colonial policies in Indochina.
- To clarify the refutation, the writer uses evidence to support the argument, providing proof of France's wrongdoings:
+ In politics
+ In economics
+ Analyzing the various aspects: politics, economy, culture, and education.
+ Commentary technique
=> Purpose: To strongly denounce the crimes of French colonizers against our people and expose their fraudulent “civilization and protection” narrative.
Question 3 (page 175, Vietnamese Language Textbook 12, Part 1)
Argumentation on the topic of “Living a Beautiful Life”
- Explanation: What does it mean to live beautifully?
- Analysis and evidence:
+ Drawing from the lives and actions of characters in literature
+ Real-life examples
- Analysis:
+ Actions and traits reflecting a beautiful way of living.
+ Criticizing and rejecting wrongful actions in society today.
- Analysis: The benefits of living beautifully.
- How to live beautifully.
- Evaluating the concept of living beautifully. Identifying behaviors contrary to this and guiding others towards a better way of living.
Section II
Question 1 (page 176, Vietnamese Language Textbook 12, Part 1)
- Various texts successfully integrate multiple logical techniques: The Declaration of Independence; Nguyen Dinh Chieu, a bright star in our national literature; the message on World AIDS Day, December 1, 2003;...
Question 2 (page 176, Vietnamese Language Textbook 12, Part 1)
Suggestions: Unique features of the poem
- Choose the poem you find most distinctive
- Analyze its content and artistic value
- Assess and comment on the poem’s value, explaining why you favor it
- Share your personal feelings about the poem
3. Sample Lesson Plan No. 1
I. Classroom Practice
Question 1 (Page 174, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Argumentation techniques we have learned:
- Proving: using reasoning and evidence to convince the reader or listener to accept a certain point of view in life or literature.
- Explaining: using reasoning and examples to help the reader or listener understand a particular issue in life or literature.
- Analyzing: breaking down a subject into smaller elements to examine it and draw conclusions about its essence. By deconstructing the issue, we can understand it in more detail and depth.
- Comparing: contrasting two or more objects or aspects within the same object to highlight both similarities and differences, thus gaining a clearer understanding of the characteristics and values of each phenomenon or object.
- Refuting: using reasoning and examples to dismiss incorrect or misleading views and providing one’s own argument to convince the audience.
Question 2 (Page 174, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Techniques used by Ho Chi Minh:
+ Analysis
+ Proof
+ Refutation
+ Commentary
Question 3 (Page 175, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Guidelines for developing an outline on the topic of cultural and spiritual aspects of humanity.
Step 1: Choose the issue to discuss, determine the requirements of the assignment regarding the content, issues to address, argumentative techniques, and scope of materials to use.
Step 2: Think through and outline the key arguments for the body of the essay.
+ Choose significant and impactful points.
+ Skillfully combine different argumentative techniques to clarify and make the argument persuasive and engaging.
+ The central technique in argumentation will be analysis, as it provides a detailed examination of the issues.
Step 3: Express your prepared points in well-structured, grammatically correct sentences, ensuring smooth flow and proper use of formal language.
II. Homework Practice
Exercise 1 (Page 176, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Various argumentative techniques used in argumentative texts:
- A Time in Poetry by Hoai Thanh
- Nguyen Dinh Chieu – A Bright Star in National Literature by Pham Van Dong
Main Arguments:
Argument 1: Nguyen Dinh Chieu as a patriotic poet.
Argument 2: His poetry reflects the enduring spirit of resistance against the French.
Argument 3: Lục Vân Tiên, his most famous work, widely known among the people.
Argument 4: Affirming the greatness and significance of Nguyen Dinh Chieu’s character and career.
- The author expertly employs various techniques: analysis, comparison, and proof, making the writing moving and convincing.
Exercise 2 (Page 176, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Outline for an argumentative essay about the distinctive features found in a literary narrative or script.
- Introduce the work that is currently gaining public attention.
- Summarize its content (themes, subject matter, artistic features).
- Highlight what the audience finds most compelling about the work.
- Express personal views: either agree or disagree.
Conclusion: Affirm the correctness of the issue, refute misconceptions that need to be addressed.
4. Sample Lesson Plan 2
I. Classroom Practice
Question 1 (Page 174, Literature 12, Volume 1):
- Explanation: defining a phenomenon or concept to ensure others understand it correctly. In argumentative writing, explaining is used to clarify ideas, values, qualities, or relationships that are essential for deepening one’s intellectual and emotional comprehension.
- Analysis: breaking down a subject into its components to examine both its content and form in depth.
- Proof: presenting recognized, factual evidence to validate the subject being discussed.
- Commentary: discussing, reviewing, and assessing an issue critically.
- Comparison: analyzing a subject in relation to another to bring out its distinctive features.
- Refutation: engaging in discourse to dismiss incorrect or flawed opinions.
Question 2 (Page 174, Literature 12, Volume 1):
The author utilizes the following argumentative techniques in the passage:
+ Analysis
+ Proof
+ Refutation
+ Commentary
Question 3 (Page 175, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Guidelines for creating an outline:
- Step 1: Identify the issue to address.
Issue: Reading habits among young people today.
- Step 2: Develop the outline for presentation.
+ Explanation: What does reading mean?
+ The role of reading in one’s life.
+ The current state of reading among young people.
+ Personal reflection on what can be learned and done from reading.
- Step 3: Formulate your points into a well-structured essay.
II. Homework Practice
Question 1 (Page 176, Literature 12, Volume 1):
Gather various essays and passages:
- A Time in Poetry (Hoai Thanh)
- The World AIDS Day Message
- Nguyen Dinh Chieu – A Bright Star in National Literature
Question 2 (Page 176, Literature 12, Volume 1):
- Select a poem that you find especially striking.
- Analyze its content and artistic value.
- Discuss your views on the value of the poem and explain why it resonates with you.
- Share your personal thoughts on the poem.
5. Sample essay 3
I. Classroom exercises
1. The argumentative techniques we have learned include proving, explaining, analyzing, comparing, refuting, and commenting.
Basic characteristics:
- Proving involves using evidence to persuade others to believe in something.
- Explaining involves reasoning to help others understand an issue.
- Analyzing means breaking down something into its components to provide a thorough and in-depth understanding.
- Comparing helps others recognize the value of an object, phenomenon, or idea by contrasting it with another one.
- Refuting is aimed at denying a certain viewpoint or claim.
- Commenting is persuading others to agree with your evaluation and discussion of a topic.
2. In this excerpt, the author primarily uses the technique of proving. Through the historical reality of over 80 years of French colonial rule, the author demonstrates how the French colonizers betrayed and trampled upon the universal achievements of human thought and civilization: independence, freedom, and equality.
3. Write an argumentative essay expressing your opinion on a current issue related to human culture and spirit, requiring the use of at least three different argumentative techniques.
II. Homework exercises
1. The essays such as 'Hịch tướng sĩ' (Tran Quoc Tuan), 'Chiếu dời đô' (Ly Cong Uan), and 'Bàn về phép học' (Nguyen Thiep) successfully use a combination of different argumentative techniques.
2. Students will apply various argumentative techniques to express their viewpoints on topics from the textbook.
