Top 5 best lesson plans for the poem 'Phú sông Bạch Đằng' (Bạch Đằng giang phú) - Literature 10

Structure

- Part 1 (from the beginning to 'luống còn lưu'): The historical emotions of the traveler before the Bạch Đằng River.

- Part 2 (continuing to 'nghìn xưa ca ngợi'): The elders recount the historic victories on the Bạch Đằng River.

- Part 3 (continuing to 'chừ lệ chan'): The elders reflect on the ancient victories.

- Part 4 (the remainder): A song affirming the role and virtue of the people.

Lesson Content

- The poem expresses patriotism and national pride in the victories at Bạch Đằng while celebrating the heroic and indomitable spirit of the nation.

- The work conveys high humanistic ideals by emphasizing the role and place of humans in history.

- The poem is a masterpiece of classical poetry in medieval literature.

Guidelines for the lesson

Question 1 (page 7, Literature 10 Volume 2):
- Structure as above
- Position: The Bạch Đằng River has an important historical significance for the nation, and is a familiar subject in national poetry.

Question 2 (page 7, Literature 10 Volume 2):

- Purpose:
+ To explore nature and battlefields: The 'traveler' sails the boat, letting the wind guide him as he enjoys the moonlit night over the sea.

+ To explore the land that bears the marks of the nation's great victories.

- The traveler appears as an experienced and well-traveled individual with a deep appreciation for history and the nation's past.

Question 3 (page 7, Literature 10 Volume 2):

- The traveler's emotions are a mix of pride and sorrow.

+ Pride and joy: For the expansive, elegant landscape and the majestic, poetic view of the river, filled with historical battle victories.

+ Sorrow and regret: For the traces of past glory that have faded, as time gradually buries these valuable memories.

- The verse mainly follows even rhythms, conveying a tranquil and reflective atmosphere, evoking deep thoughts.

Question 4 (page 7, Literature 10 Volume 2):

- Role of the elders:

+ As locals, they represent the community, responding to the traveler’s words.

+ They narrate historical stories and comment on past victories.

+ Their dialogue creates a natural exchange, allowing the traveler to express his feelings.

- Through the elders’ narration, the Bạch Đằng victories come to life.

+ With vibrant, heroic energy: from the Ngô Quyền era to Trần Hưng Đạo.

+ With grandiose, exaggerated descriptions of the monumental battles.

- Attitude and tone of the elders:

+ Filled with passion and pride, reflecting the experience of those who lived through it.

+ Their concise yet vivid storytelling encapsulates the essence and energy of the battlefield.

- The elders’ commentary emphasizes the importance of human agency in achieving the victory at Bạch Đằng.

Question 5 (page 7, Literature 10 Volume 2):

- The elders’ song sums up a shining truth: those who lack righteousness will fall, while only those with virtue will be immortalized in history.

- The traveler’s song:

+ Praises the wisdom of the two legendary rulers and the Bạch Đằng victories.

+ Reinforces the truth that great individuals are key to victory.

+ Expresses national pride and high humanistic ideals.

Question 6 (page 7, Literature 10 Volume 2):

- Content value:

+ The poem reflects love for the nation and pride in its heroic, indomitable spirit and moral traditions.

+ It emphasizes high humanistic ideals by celebrating the role and importance of people in shaping history.

- Artistic value:

+ The dialogue between the elders and the traveler creates a powerful dynamic.

+ Clear and simple yet tight structure.

+ Vivid artistic imagery.

EXERCISES

1. Memorize some favorite lines from the poem.

2. Compare:

- Similarities:

+ Both celebrate the Bạch Đằng victory during the Trùng Hưng era.

+ Both emphasize the role of nature and human strength in achieving victory.

+ Both highlight the majestic, imposing natural landscape, enhancing the importance of human contribution.

+ Both were written in classical Chinese characters.

- Differences:

+ The poem 'Sông Bạch Đằng' is written in short Đường law verse form.

+ The poem 'Bạch Đằng giang phú' is written in longer Phú classical verse form.

Question 1 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 2)

- Structure: 4 parts

+ Part 1: “The guest has someone… a field still remaining”: Introduction of the guest character and his impression, the guest's feelings as he travels along the Bach Dang River.

+ Part 2: “By the river, the elders… tears still flowing”: The encounter by the river and the story told by the elders.

+ Part 3: “Then as they walked… leaving their legacy”: The elders’ commentary.

+ Part 4 – the rest: Conclusion – the guest's final remarks – the author's commentary.

- Significance: It holds an important historical place for the nation. It is a familiar theme in Vietnamese poetry.

Question 2 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 2)

- Purpose of exploring nature and battlefields: The “guest” sets sail on a wind-filled boat to enjoy the moon, yet his mission is not merely to admire the natural beauty, but also to understand a land that has witnessed many heroic victories of the people.

- The guest appears as someone well-traveled, knowledgeable, with a free-spirited soul and lofty aspirations: “Wherever people have traveled… the longing remains.”

Question 3 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 2)

The guest experiences both joy and sadness, pride and regret. => The guest has grand ambitions, loves his country, and is proud of his people.

- The guest is joyful and proud: due to the vast, serene, unified landscape, resembling a dream. Proud because the river is a symbol of past glorious battles.

- The guest feels sorrow and regret: because the once-vibrant historical traces are now desolate. Time has slowly buried these values in the past.

Question 4 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 2)

The role of the elders:

- The elders are local villagers, representing the collective. They appear like a chorus, fulfilling the role of narrators and commentators on past military achievements.

- They create a natural conversational atmosphere, allowing the “guest” to express his emotions freely.

The attitude and tone of the elders:

- Their tone and attitude: full of enthusiasm and pride, as they speak from the perspective of those who lived through the events.

- The storytelling: concise and to the point, but still vivid and comprehensive in conveying the atmosphere of the battlefields.

- Through the elders’ commentary: the human factor is highlighted as the most crucial element in the victory at Bach Dang.

Question 5 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 2)

- The song of the elders: It both summarizes and reflects the shining truth: Injustice leads to defeat, while only those with righteousness will earn eternal fame.

- The guest’s song:

+ Praises the wisdom of the two legendary rulers and the battle victories of the Bach Dang River, confirming the truth: The greatness of individuals is key to victory.

+ Reflects the guest’s deep national pride and high humanistic values.

Question 6 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 2)

- The thematic value: This ode expresses love for the country and pride in its heroic, unyielding tradition, along with the noble moral values of the Vietnamese people. It emphasizes the humanistic philosophy of the work, highlighting the importance of individuals.

- The artistic value: The main structure (elders) – the guest (author) dialogue: The composition is clear, simple, yet tight; the artistic imagery is vivid and expressive.

Practice

Question 2 (Page 7, Literature 10 Textbook, Volume 1)

Compare the conclusion of the work “Phu Song Bach Dang” with the poem “Song Bach Dang” (by Nguyen Suong).

* Similarities:

- Both praise the victory at Bach Dang during the Tran Dynasty.

- Both celebrate the roles of nature and humanity in achieving the victory.

- Both emphasize the majestic and challenging nature, further underlining the importance of human factors.

- Both are written in Chinese characters.

* Differences:

- In terms of genre: “Song Bach Dang” is written in the short form of Chinese poetry (Tang-style), while “Bach Dang River Phu” is written in the longer, classical prose form (phu).

- Trương Hán Siêu emphasizes the human role more, stating that “virtue is the key,” while Nguyễn Sưởng presents a balanced view: “Half from the river and mountains, half from the people.”

Question 1 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

Structure: consists of 4 sections

Section 1 (from the beginning... to the last lines): the historical emotions of the "guest" in front of the Bach Dang River.

Section 2 (continuing... praising from ancient times): The elders' stories to the guest about the historical victories on the Bach Dang River.

Section 3 (continuing... tears well up): The elders reflect on and discuss the ancient military victories.

Section 4 (remaining part): The song affirms the human virtues and heroism.

Question 2 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The "guest" is characterized as bold and free-spirited:

+ A true wanderer, loves to travel, widely knowledgeable, friends with the moon.

- Although the character "guest" follows the conventional formula of the genre, the talented writer, Truong Han Sieu, breathes life into this character.

+ It represents the author's own voice—someone with lofty ideals, a sensitive soul, and a deep appreciation for history.

- The "guest's" extensive knowledge, reflected through the mention of historical places and landmarks from Chinese classics (Yuan, Xiang, Wu, Ciujiang, Five Lakes, Three Wu, Baiyue...)

- Landmarks of Vietnam (Dai Than Port, Dong Trieu Wharf, Bach Dang River).

+ This shows the guest’s vast ambitions, while the second set of locations highlights his love for the homeland.

Question 3: (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

The emotions of the "guest":

- The guest feels both joy and sorrow, pride and regret → He has great ambition, loves his country, and takes pride in it.

+ Joyful before the grand and picturesque scenery of the river, proud of the river’s historical significance.

- The guest feels sorrow and regret: the once great sites of past glory now lie abandoned and forgotten, eroded by time.

- The poem uses mostly even rhythms, creating a smooth, reflective pace that invites deep contemplation.

Question 4 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

The elders are symbolic of the collective wisdom of the local people, testifying to history, and also representing the author’s voice.

The character of the elders provides a historical perspective, offering a natural dialogue that sets the stage for the Battle of Bach Dang.

- The elders narrate historical events with vivid language, evoking the spirit of history through a noble, heroic tone.

+ The epic feats on the Bach Dang River are recounted with a powerful, stirring energy: from Ngo Quyen’s battle to Tran Hung Dao’s triumphs.

+ These legendary battles are painted with grandiose, dramatic descriptions.

+ The sensory details of sound, color, and vivid imagination are skillfully woven in to enhance the narrative.

- The use of classical references intensifies the national pride, highlighting both the valor and wisdom of the Tran Dynasty’s rulers.

- The elders' voices carry traces of the "guest's" melancholy, as their shared emotion of loss and remembrance creates a poignant harmony.

Question 5 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The closing scenes of the "elders" and the "guest" represent the echo of the past meeting the present.

+ The song expresses pride in the glorious land and reflects on the victory at the Bach Dang River, focusing on the resilience of humanity.

- The elders’ song carries the weight of an epic, with the river of life embodying the truth: those who are unjust shall perish, while heroes live on forever.

- The guest’s concluding words serve as a tribute, praising the wisdom and courage of the two great kings, while expressing a timeless hope for peace and noble ideals.

Question 6 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Content value: The poem expresses love for the country and national pride in the heroic tradition of fighting invaders.

- Emphasizes the role and intellect of humans.

- Artistic value:

+ The structure is simple yet compelling. The composition is tightly organized.

+ The language is fluid and dynamic.

+ The artistic imagery is lively, offering both visual appeal and rich philosophical meaning.

+ The diction is formal, majestic, reflective, and thought-provoking.

PRACTICE

Exercise 1 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

Students should choose their favorite lines from the poem to memorize.

Exercise 2 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

Conclude the "Bach Dang River Phu" with "The Bach Dang River".

- Similarities:

- Both praise the legendary victory at Bach Dang during the Trùng Hưng period.

- Both celebrate the natural beauty and the people who contributed to this victory.

- Written in Classical Chinese poetry.

Differences:

Form: "The Bach Dang River" is written in regulated verse, while "Bach Dang River Phu" follows the ancient style of Phu poetry.

I. Guidelines for Preparing the Lesson

* Genre: Classical poetry.

* Origin: Created approximately 50 years after the third Mongol invasion defeat (1288).

Question 1 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

* Structure: 4 sections

- Section 1: From the beginning... expressing the historical emotions of the character as they view the landscape of the Bach Dang River.

- Section 2: Along the river... praising the elders’ accounts of the heroic battles on the Bach Dang River.

- Section 3: However... reflections and comments from the elders on these past victories.

- Section 4: The remainder: a final song affirming the role and virtue of humanity.

Question 2 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The visitor – The author.

- Purpose: To admire the beauty of nature and explore the land that witnessed many great victories of the nation.

- Chinese locations: Yuan Tuo, Wu Xue, Jiu Jiang Wu Hu, San Wu, Bai Yue, and Van Meng Lake.

- Vietnamese locations: Dai Than Gate, Dong Trieu Wharf, Bach Dang River.

→ The visitor is well-traveled, knowledgeable about national history, with a broad spirit and a free, open soul.

Question 3 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The visitor's emotions:

+ At times enjoying the majestic sight of nature.

+ At times feeling sorrow as they reflect on the once proud but now desolate and empty past.

+ At times mourning the fallen heroes.

→ A sensitive, deeply emotional soul.

Question 4 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The role of the elders in the poem: storytellers and commentators on past military exploits.

- The elders narrate the battle scenes:

• The forces:

+ Fleets of ships.

+ Gleaming spears and swords.

→ A formidable force, fierce and determined.

• The enemy’s attitude:

+ They thought... once and for all.

+ Sweeping away... the four corners of the world.

→ Arrogance, boastfulness.

• The result:

+ Just like before:

+ The Battle of Red Cliff... ashes in the wind.

+ The Battle of Heifei... utter defeat.

→ Using ancient tales to highlight the enemy’s disgraceful failure and the glorious victories of our side.

- The attitude and tone of the elders during the narration: passionate, proud.

- The reasons for our victory and their defeat: The heavens gave us a strategic location, and our talents secured the peace.

→ These two factors led to the victory, but it was human action that decisively shaped the triumph at Bach Dang River.

Question 5 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The song of the elders:

+ The unjust: perish.

+ The heroes: endure forever.

→ A timeless declaration, a law of nature that has endured from ancient times to the present.

- The visitor's harmonious verse:

+ The wisdom of the two great kings.

+ Whereby... guided by virtue and justice.

→ Affirming that victory came from the noble ethics, the desire for peace, and the brilliant strategies of the Tran dynasty.

→ The song affirms the importance of human virtue, reflecting national pride and the high moral values of the people.

Question 6 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Artistic elements: A well-organized structure, flexible language, with both solemn and evocative expressions.

- Content: The poem expresses pride in the nation, celebrating the indomitable spirit of its ancestors and the brilliant traditions of righteousness and humanity of the Vietnamese people.

II. Practice

Question 1 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

Memorize key lines from the poem.

Question 2 (Page 7, Literature 10, Volume 2):

- Similarities between the two poems:

+ Both express pride in the remarkable victories on Bach Dang River.

+ Both affirm the wisdom of the “two holy kings.”

+ Both highlight and respect the role of human agency in shaping history.

Instructions for Writing the Lesson

Structure:

- Part 1 – Introduction (from the beginning... until preserved): the character's emotions upon seeing the Bach Dang River.

- Part 2 – Explanation (continuing... to praise): Elders recount historical feats on the river.

- Part 3 – Commentary (continuing... with poignant reflections): The elders' views on the victory.

- Part 4 – Conclusion (remaining): Affirmation of the role and virtues of humanity.

Question 1 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): A brief overview:

- The location of the Bach Dang victory in history: marking significant military achievements (defeating the Nam Han army, crushing the Mongol-Yuan forces).

- The Bach Dang River as an endless source of inspiration for literature and poetry (Nguyen Trai, Truong Han Sieu, Nguyen Suong…).

Question 2 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): The figure of the 'guest': The guest is the author's alter ego.

- The purpose of the journey: to enjoy nature's beauty and study the country's scenery => a lover of nature, with the spirit of a brave and free-spirited warrior.

- The guest has “traveled through”: place names from Chinese historical records (Nguyen, Tương, Vu Huyet, Cuu Giang, Ngu Ho,…) reflecting a spirit of adventure, vast knowledge, and great ambitions; locations in Vietnam (Cua Dai Than, Ben Dong Trieu, Bach Dang River) – specific, contemporary, showing love for the homeland, with a soulful connection.

Question 3 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):

The guest feels a mix of joy and sorrow, elated by the majestic, poetic landscape of “vast waves, graceful cranes…” and proud of the river’s heroic history with “broken spears,” “dry bones,” but also mournful for the past, for the now desolate remnants of the ancient battlegrounds: “Saddened by the ruins,” lamenting the lost heroes: “Pity for the heroes,” “What a loss.”

Question 4 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The elders: local residents, the author’s other self, embodying a collective image that appears as a harmonious response, naturally narrating the historical battles on the Bach Dang River to the guest.

- The elders tell their stories with passionate, proud voices, using concise yet vivid language. The historical events are retold with a sense of heroic grandeur and vitality, as the warriors of the Tran dynasty are compared to tigers and leopards. Ultimately, the unwavering patriotism and the strength of justice led to a resounding victory.

- From the elders' narrative, we see that the key to the victory was not just “the terrain” but the “noble character” of the people.

Question 5 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): The song of the elders and the continuation by the guest affirm:

- The truth: “The unjust perish – only heroes remain immortal.”

- Praise for the two wise kings of the Tran dynasty.

- Expressing the eternal desire for peace in the nation.

- Celebrating the national defense strategy: “treacherous land,” “noble character” of the Tran dynasty.

Question 6 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): The value of this poem:

- Content: Expresses patriotism and national pride in the historical victories on Bach Dang River. It praises the unyielding heroic tradition of the people and reflects high humanist values by emphasizing human agency in history.

- Artistry: “The pinnacle of artistic achievement in the form of the poem,” with simple structure, tight organization, flexible language, vivid imagery, and expressive words.

Exercise

Question 1 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): Students should memorize certain verses.

Question 2 (Page 7, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):

- The guest’s song concludes the Bach Dang poem: praising the wisdom of the two legendary kings, celebrating the river's victories, and affirming the truth: “What matters is the nobility of character.”

- Comparison: Both pieces reflect pride in the nation's military achievements in the fight against invaders, emphasizing the decisive role of humanity. The key difference lies in the emphasis on human agency: Truong Han Sieu elevates the role of human character as “noble,” while Nguyen Suong balances it with “Half from the land, half from the people.”