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1. Reference Preparation Number 4
Lesson Content
- Artistic language is the primary language in literary works with the function of conveying information and satisfying human aesthetic needs.
- It is a language that is organized, arranged, and refined from ordinary language to achieve artistic aesthetic value.
- The artistic language style has three basic characteristics: imagery, emotional expression, and individuality.
Preparation Guide
Question 1 (page 101, Literature 10, Volume 2):
- Rhetorical devices commonly used to create imagery in artistic language: similes, personification, metaphors, metonymy, hyperbole, litotes, etc.
- These devices are used creatively, either individually or in combination.
Question 2 (page 101, Literature 10, Volume 2):
- Among the three characteristics of artistic language style, imagery is considered the fundamental characteristic.
- Because:
+ Imagery is both the goal and the creative means of art.
• It reflects the objective world through the subjective perception of the artist.
• Literature is the art of language, and the writer uses language as a tool to create artistic imagery.
+ Additionally, imagery also encompasses the other two characteristics:
• Language itself contains elements that evoke emotions and convey feeling.
• When creating imagery through language, the writer reveals their creative individuality.
Question 3 (page 101, Literature 10, Volume 2):
a. Fill in the word “canh cánh” because this is an emotional sentence, and the word expresses feeling.
b. Line 3: “rắc”. Line 4: “giết”. These words are not only semantically appropriate for the context but also adhere to poetic laws.
Question 4 (page 101, Literature 10, Volume 2):
- Regarding vocabulary:
+ Thu vịnh: a group of words used to create imagery of autumn: clear autumn sky, light bamboo rustling in the wind, ocean, mist, moonlight...
⇒ These words are conventional and familiar, carrying the marks of classical literary aesthetics.
+ Tiếng thu: fallen autumn leaves, golden deer, dry yellow leaves.
⇒ Familiar imagery with a realistic tone.
+ Đất nước: mountains, wind, bamboo forest, autumn sky, clear blue.
⇒ Familiar, intimate imagery with a realistic approach.
- Regarding rhythm:
+ Thu vịnh: 4/3 or 2/2/3.
+ Đất nước: 3/2; 3/4; 2/2/2; 2/3.
- Each author builds autumn imagery in their own unique way, leaving their distinct stylistic marks.
+ Thu vịnh: appears graceful and serene.
+ Tiếng thu: the poem expresses the feelings of a modern poet, a poet who views life with “fresh green, soft blue” eyes.
+ Đất nước: filled with cheerful, positive emotions.
2. Example Lesson Plan No. 5
Question 1 (page 101, Textbook for Literature, Grade 10, Volume 2)
Identify the rhetorical devices commonly used to create imagery in artistic language.
Detailed Explanation:
- The rhetorical devices used to create imagery in artistic language include similes, personification, metaphors, metonymy, hyperbole, litotes, and euphemism. These devices are employed creatively, either individually or in combination with each other.
- Example from a folk poem:
"The plowman works under the midday sun,
His sweat falls like rain on the tilled soil."
=> The image of sweat becomes vivid through the unique simile used by the folk poet. This image conveys not only the labor of the plowman but also symbolizes the hardships of all those who work to produce food.
Question 2 (page 101, Textbook for Literature, Grade 10, Volume 2)
Out of the three characteristics (imagery, expressiveness, individualization), which one is the most representative of the artistic language style? Why?
Detailed Explanation:
- Among the three characteristics of artistic language style, imagery is considered the most fundamental because:
a. Imagery is both the goal and the means of artistic creation.
- The aim of artistic creation is to reflect both the objective world and the artist’s subjective perception of it.
- Literature is the art of words. Writers use language as a medium to construct artistic images. Therefore, imagery is the essential feature of artistic language style.
b. Additionally, imagery encompasses the other two characteristics:
- Language inherently contains emotional and expressive elements.
- While constructing an image, the writer also reveals their creative personality through the use of language.
Question 3 (page 101, Textbook for Literature, Grade 10, Volume 2)
Select the appropriate word for the parentheses in the sentences and explain the reason for your choice of words.
Detailed Explanation:
a. Insert the word "canh cánh" in the phrase “In Prison Diary, it lingers in the heart with a longing for home.”
This sentence is emotionally expressive, so words with argumentative connotations (such as expression, refute, or reveal) are not suitable. Words that convey emotion and feelings are more appropriate for the tone of the piece.
b. In the third line, insert the word "scattering," and in the fourth line, insert the word "killing."
The line of poetry reads:
"We yearn for national freedom,
Not just for a piece of our own land,
The one who scattered poison on us,
Killed the green across the tilted earth."
=> These words were chosen because they are not only fitting in terms of meaning but also maintain the poetic form's structure.
Question 4 (page 102, Textbook for Literature, Grade 10, Volume 2)
Many poets have written poems about autumn, but each poem carries distinct elements in terms of language, rhythm, and imagery, reflecting individual expression in language. Compare these three autumn poems (see Textbook, page 102) to identify their unique traits.
Detailed Explanation:
- The three poems discuss autumn, but they come from different authors in different historical contexts: Nguyễn Khuyến (Thu vịnh) lived and wrote during the feudal period, Lưu Trọng Lư (Tiếng thu) wrote during French colonial rule, and Nguyễn Đình Thi (Đất nước) wrote after the August Revolution. Each period has its own poetic conventions, and each poet's creative personality is evident in their use of language to build autumn imagery. As a result, each poem has distinct features.
- Each poem is unique in terms of language, rhythm, and imagery:
+ In Nguyễn Khuyến’s "Thu vịnh," autumn is portrayed with peaceful, tranquil imagery through words that evoke green colors: sky blue, green trees, green water... The poet uses minimal strokes, capturing the essence of autumn through simplicity. The slow pace of the poetry, along with the elegant tone of the seven-character regulated verse, reflects the seclusion of a hermit amidst the autumn landscape.
+ Lưu Trọng Lư's "Tiếng thu" speaks with the voice of a modern poet, expressing a new self-awareness and an awe for the discovery of autumn, with vivid words like "greenish yellow, dazzling." The use of five-character verses with a rhythmic flow creates an emotional, almost trembling tone, particularly with the line describing the "golden deer standing in confusion," highlighting the distinct characteristics of autumn.
+ Nguyễn Đình Thi’s poem "Đất nước" was written in the context of the national struggle for independence. The imagery of autumn in this poem is filled with a sense of joy and hope. The poet uses free verse and language that conveys a positive, uplifting feeling (joy, fluttering, fervent voices).
3. Example Lesson Plan No. 1
I. Artistic Language
II. Artistic Language Style
III. EXERCISES
Exercise 1 (page 101, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
The figurative nature of artistic language is created through common rhetorical devices:
+ Metaphor, synecdoche, symbolism, personification, hyperbole… especially the implicit speech used in rhetorical contexts
- Personification
The well of the banyan tree remembers those who went off to war
- Simile
The sun sets into the sea like a burning ember
Metaphor
The sun of maize lies on the hill
The sun of my mother lies on her back
Hyperbole:
The nostrils are filled with eighteen loads of fur
The husband loves and says that the beard is a gift from heaven
Exercise 2 (page 101, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
Among the three characteristics (figurative nature, expressiveness, and individuality) of artistic language style, figurative nature is considered the basic characteristic
- The characteristic of artistic language: reflecting the objective world, the subjective perception of the world of the artist
- Literary art in language. The writer uses linguistic material to construct artistic imagery
- The imagery in language itself carries elements that provoke and convey emotions, expressing the creative individuality of the language user.
Question 3 (page 101, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
a. Fill in the word "canh cánh"
b. Line 3 "rắc"
Line 4 "triệt"
Question 4 (page 102, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
- Regarding vocabulary:
+ Autumn imagery: a group of words used to create the autumn image: clear autumn sky, bamboo swaying in the wind, chilly breeze, ocean, fog, moonlight...
→ These words are conventional, familiar, and bear the marks of classical literary aesthetics
+ The autumn sound: fallen leaves, golden deer, dry yellow leaves → Familiar images, with a realistic description
+ The land: mountains, blowing winds, bamboo groves, autumn sky, clear blue → Close, familiar, and realistic imagery
- Regarding rhythm:
+ Autumn imagery: 4/3 or 2/2/3
+ Land: 3/2; 3/4; 2/2/2; 2/3 → Free verse with flexible and diverse rhythm breaks
- Each author builds their own distinctive autumn imagery, creating a unique style
4. Reference Answer 2
I. Artistic Language
Artistic language is a language that evokes images and emotions, used in artistic texts, daily speech, and texts from various linguistic styles.
II. Artistic Language Style
1. Figurative nature.
2. Expressiveness.
3. Individuality.
III. Exercises
Question 1 (page 101, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
- Rhetorical devices: simile, metaphor, synecdoche, personification…
Question 2 (page 101, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
The figurative nature is essential because:
- It is both the means and the purpose of artistic creation.
- In the figurative language, elements of emotion and expressiveness are embedded.
- The choice of words and the construction of sentences to build artistic imagery reflect the artist's creative individuality.
Question 3 (page 101, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
a. Full of meaning, canh cánh.
- Line 3: scattered
- Line 4: thorough
Question 4 (page 102, Literature Textbook 10, Vol. 2):
Comparison:
- The choice of words to create the autumn image.
+ The materials used to build the autumn imagery in Nguyễn Khuyến's poem Thu vịnh: the clear autumn sky, bamboo swaying gently, the cold wind, blue water, mist, and moonlight.
+ The materials used in Lưu Trọng Lư's Tiếng thu: falling leaves, golden deer.
+ The materials in Nguyễn Đình Thi's Đất nước: mountains, wind, bamboo forests, autumn sky, clear blue.
- Different rhythms:
+ Rhythm of Thu vịnh: 4/3 or 2/2/3.
+ Rhythm of Tiếng thu: 3/2.
+ Rhythm of Đất nước: 3/2, 3/4, 2/2/2, 2/3.
- The imagery of three autumns by three authors from different eras, each presenting a unique language style (individuality).
5. Sample Essay Number 3
I. Artistic Language
- Artistic language is primarily used in literary works. It evokes imagery and emotion, serving not just an informational purpose but also fulfilling human aesthetic needs.
- There are three types of language in artistic texts:
+ Narrative language in stories, novels, essays...
+ Poetic language in folk songs, verses, poems...
+ Theatrical language in plays, operas, and traditional performances...
II. Artistic Language Styles
The artistic language style has three core features: imagery, emotional appeal, and individuality.
1. Imagery
- Imagery is created using various rhetorical devices such as metaphor, simile, metonymy, hyperbole, euphemism, and more...
- The result of imagery is often ambiguity and depth.
2. Emotional Appeal
Emotional appeal connects the audience with the speaker or writer, making them feel joy, sadness, or affection as if they were the one expressing it.
3. Individuality
Each writer or poet showcases their unique style in their use of words, sentence structure, and imagery, reflecting their personal creative identity, making it difficult to imitate.
Practice Exercises
Question 1 (page 101, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):
Common rhetorical devices used to create imagery in artistic language: simile, metaphor, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, euphemism, onomatopoeia, exaggeration (often for humorous effect – close to hyperbole)...
Example of exaggeration:
The lice are as big as turtles,
At night, they snore so loud it scares the whole family.
(Humorous folk poem)
Question 2 (page 101, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): The most characteristic feature of artistic language style is imagery:
- Imagery is both the goal (to reflect the objective world and subjective perceptions) and the creative tool in art.
- Imagery inherently contains two other features: emotional appeal and individuality.
Question 3 (page 101, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): Select the appropriate word:
a. Fill in with "lingering" or "saturated"
b. Line 3: sprinkle
Line 4: kill
Question 4 (page 102, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):
Comparison:
- How word choices create imagery of autumn.
+ Imagery of autumn in Nguyen Khuyen's poem "Autumn's Praise": clear blue autumn sky, sparse bamboo, faint winds, turquoise water, smoke, moonlight.
+ Imagery of autumn in Luu Trong Lu's poem "Autumn Sound": falling leaves, golden deer.
+ Imagery of autumn in Nguyen Dinh Thi's poem "The Country": hills, winds, bamboo forests, autumn sky, clear as jade.
- Different rhythms:
+ Rhythm in Nguyen Khuyen's poem: 4/3 or 2/2/3.
+ Rhythm in Luu Trong Lu's poem: 3/2.
+ Rhythm in Nguyen Dinh Thi's poem: 3/2, 3/4, 2/2/2, 2/3.
- The autumn imagery across the three authors is not identical; each reflects personal linguistic style (individuality).
