Top 5 Best Summaries of Explanatory Texts (Literature 10)

Lesson Content

- Summarizing an explanatory text aims to capture and understand the key points of the text. The summary must be concise and faithful to the original text.

- To summarize an explanatory text, one must identify the purpose of the summary, read the original text thoroughly to understand the subject, determine the structure of the text, and then distill the ideas into a summary.

I. Purpose and Requirements of Summarizing Explanatory Texts

II. How to Summarize an Explanatory Text

1. Answer the questions

a. The subject of the explanatory text here is a stilt house.

- The main idea of the text is to explain the architecture, origin, and benefits of the stilt house.

b. The text can be divided into three sections.

- Introduction (from the beginning to “community culture”): definition and purpose of the stilt house.

- Body (up to “always a stilt house”): explanation of the structure, origin, and function of the stilt house.

- Conclusion (remaining): evaluation and admiration of the beauty and charm of stilt houses in Vietnam both past and present.

c. Write a summary of the stilt house text.

The stilt house is a unique type of architecture common in the mountainous regions of Vietnam and Southeast Asia, originating around the early Neolithic period. The stilt house has a roof and is used for living, meetings, and cultural activities. It consists of three sections: the large area for living, two smaller areas for hosting guests and storing items. The house is built from natural materials like thatch, bamboo, and wood. This design is ideal for areas with difficult terrain, helping to avoid wild animals and pests. The stilt house has become a distinctive cultural feature of Vietnam's ethnic minorities and a popular tourist attraction.

2. Steps for summarizing an explanatory text:

- Determine the purpose of the summary.

- Read the original text to understand the subject of explanation.

- Identify the structure of the text.

- Write a summary of the main ideas to create the summary text.

Lesson Guidance

Question 1 (Page 71, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. The subject of the text includes: the biography, career of the poet Matsuo Basho and characteristics of the Haiku form.

b. Text structure:

- Paragraph 1 (from the start to “M. Seki (1867-1902)”): summarizes the biography and introduces Matsuo Basho’s works.

- Paragraph 2 (the rest): explains the characteristics of Haiku poetry.

c. Explanatory paragraph:

Haiku poetry is very concise. Each poem is based on a specific theme, often describing nature to evoke human emotions. Haiku poetry favors suggestive imagery rather than detailed descriptions, deeply influenced by Zen Buddhism and Eastern culture. Haiku is Japan's significant contribution to the world’s cultural heritage.

Question 2 (Pages 71-72, Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. The text explains a famous landmark in Hanoi: Ngoc Son Temple.

- Compared to previous explanatory texts:

+ This one differs in its subject: a natural landmark.

+ It also differs in content: focusing on the architectural features and poetic beauty of Ngoc Son Temple while expressing love and pride in the nation's cultural heritage.

b. Summary paragraph:

The Pen Tower – Ink Stand is a symbol of the nation’s intellectual culture. Located on Ngoc Bui Mountain, it is shaped like a pen pointing to the sky, with three words “Tả thanh thiên” (Writing in the Sky) inscribed on it. The path beside the Pen Tower leads to the Ink Stand, which is shaped like a stone ink pot supported by three frogs, symbolizing the importance of learning and knowledge.

Part I

HOW TO SUMMARIZE A EXPLANATORY TEXT

Question 1 (page 69, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a.

- The text “The Stilt House” explains the object of a stilt house.

- The main idea of the text is to explain the architecture, origin, and the benefits of the stilt house.

b.

- The text can be divided into three sections:

+ Introduction (from the beginning to "... community culture."). Definition and purpose of the stilt house.

+ Body (from "The whole stilt house..." to "... must always be a stilt house"). Explanation of the structure, origin, and uses of the stilt house.

+ Conclusion (the rest): praise and admiration for the beauty and charm of the stilt house in Vietnam then and now.

c. Write a summary:

The stilt house is a type of architecture with a covered roof, used for various purposes. People use natural materials to build stilt houses, which are divided into three parts: the lower floor (used as a warehouse and for livestock); the living area (with three sections for living and hosting guests); the house's end (with stairs to ascend and descend). Stilt houses originated during the early Neolithic period, especially popular in the mountainous areas of Vietnam and Southeast Asia, suitable for the complex terrain. Stilt houses make use of local materials, maintain hygiene, and prevent harmful animals. Many structures still bear the characteristics of a stilt house. In Vietnam, stilt houses are highly aesthetic, serving diverse needs, and have potential for tourism development.

Question 2 (page 70, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

To summarize an explanatory text, we can follow these steps:

- Identify the purpose of the summary

- Read the original text carefully to understand the object of explanation

- Identify the structure of the text

- Write a summary of the main points to form the summarized text.

Practice

Question 1 (page 71, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a. The subject of the explanatory text above includes: the biography, career of the poet Ma-su-ô Ba-sô, and the characteristics of the haiku form.

b. The text is divided into two paragraphs:

- Paragraph 1 (from the beginning to "... M.Si-ki (1867 - 1902)"): A summary of Ma-su-ô Ba-sô's biography and introduction to his works.

- Paragraph 2 (the rest): Explanation of the characteristics of haiku poetry.

c. The summarized paragraph on the explanation of haiku poetry:

Haiku poetry is among the shortest forms, usually consisting of 17 syllables, divided into three sections: 5 syllables - 7 syllables - 5 syllables. Each poem has a particular theme, often describing nature to evoke emotions and reflections. In terms of language, haiku does not explicitly describe objects, but rather uses suggestive strokes, leaving much space for the reader’s imagination. Haiku is a significant contribution from Japan to the world's cultural heritage.

Question 2 (page 73, Literature Textbook 10, Volume 2)

a. The text “The Ngoc Son Temple and the Soul of Hanoi’s Poetry” explains a famous landmark in Hanoi, the Ngoc Son Temple.

Compared to the other explanatory texts above, this one differs in the subject (a scenic landmark) and content (it focuses on the architectural features and the poetic beauty of the Ngoc Son Temple, while also expressing love and pride for the cultural heritage of the nation). It highlights the beauty and cultural significance of this unique monument.

b. A summarized description of the Pen Tower and the Ink Slab can be written as follows:

Upon visiting the Ngoc Son Temple, the first striking architectural feature is the Pen Tower and the Ink Slab. The Pen Tower, located on Ngoc Boi Hill, has a brush pointing upwards toward the sky, and the inscription “tả thanh thiên” (writing to the blue sky) is boldly etched on the tower. Next to the Pen Tower is the gate leading to the Ink Slab, named because it features a “slab” holding a “literary inkstone” shaped like a peach stone, supported by three frogs, symbolizing “literary pond, fields of writing”. Behind the Ink Slab is the Thê Húc Bridge, which leads to the Jade Island, where the sacred temple stands amidst the gentle ripples of the water.

I. Purpose and Requirements for Summarizing Explanatory Texts

- The purpose of summarizing an explanatory text is to understand and retain its core ideas, while also being able to share these insights with others.

- The summary should be brief, clear, and faithful to the original text.

II. How to Summarize an Explanatory Text

a. The explanatory text about stilt houses discusses a familiar structure, widely used by many mountain-dwelling ethnic groups in Southeast Asia.

- Content: The explanation covers the knowledge, origins, and benefits of the stilt house.

b. Structure

Introduction (from the beginning to... community culture): Definition and purpose of stilt houses.

Body (The entire stilt house... always must be a stilt house): Explanation of the stilt house's structure, origins, and uses.

Conclusion (remaining content): An evaluation and praise of the beauty of the stilt house in Vietnam, past and present.

c. A summary of the stilt house text could be as follows:

The stilt house is an architectural structure used for living or other purposes. The entire house is constructed from natural materials and supported by numerous columns. The house consists of a floor, a lower area, and three main sections, with a staircase leading up. It is designed for various living functions, such as sleeping, dining, and hosting guests. The stilt house originated in Vietnam’s mountainous regions and Southeast Asia during the Stone Age. The structure has many advantages and is well-suited to its environment, offering both hygiene and functionality. In Vietnam’s mountain areas, stilt houses are renowned for their technical and aesthetic design and continue to attract tourists.

2. Steps to summarize an explanatory text:

- Carefully read the original text, highlight key points, and skim over irrelevant data or figures.

- Express the summary content in sentences and paragraphs that meet the text’s requirements.

EXERCISE

Exercise 1 (page 71, Vietnamese Language Textbook 10, Volume 2):

The subject of explanation in the text “Introduction to Haiku poetry by Ba-so”: the biography and career of Matsuo Basho and the characteristics of Haiku poetry.

b. Structure in 2 parts:

- Part 1 (from the beginning... M. Siki (1867-1902)): Summarize the biography and introduce the works of Basho.

- Part 2 (remaining content): Explain the characteristics of Haiku poetry.

c. The summary:

Haiku poetry is one of the shortest forms, typically consisting of 17 syllables, divided into three parts (5 syllables-7 syllables-5 syllables). Each poem has a distinct theme, often focusing on nature to evoke feelings and thoughts. The language of Haiku is not specific about the subject matter, leaving much to the reader’s imagination. Haiku represents a significant contribution from Japan to the global cultural heritage.

Exercise 2 (page 73, Vietnamese Language Textbook 10, Volume 2):

a. The text “The Ngoc Son Temple and the spirit of Hanoi’s poetry” explains a famous landmark in Hanoi – Ngoc Son Temple. Unlike previous texts, this one focuses on the architecture and praises the poetic beauty of the temple, while expressing love and pride for this cultural heritage.

b. Summary of the Thap But and Dai Nghien:

When visiting Ngoc Son Temple, the first striking architectural feature is the Thap But and Dai Nghien. The Thap But stands on the Ngoc Boi mountain, with a pen-shaped top pointing towards the sky, and the words “tả thanh thiên” (writing up to the sky) inscribed proudly on the tower. Next to the Thap But is the gate leading to the Dai Nghien. It’s called the “Dai Nghien” because the gate resembles an ink stone, holding a stone ink slab placed on three frogs, symbolizing “the pond of ink, the fields of letters.” Behind the Dai Nghien, the Thê Húc Bridge leads to Ngoc Island, where the sacred temple stands amidst the sound of flowing water.

I. Purpose and Requirements for Summarizing Explanatory Texts

- Summarizing an explanatory text involves briefly introducing the main points of the text using your own words during the explanation process.

- Purpose:

+ To understand and retain the essential content of the text.

+ To introduce the subject of the explanation or the text itself to others.

- Requirements:

+ The summary should be concise and clear.

+ It should closely follow the core content of the original text.

II. How to Summarize an Explanatory Text

Question 1 (pages 69 - 70 of the 10th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2):

Read and summarize the text "The Stilt House".

a. Subject of Explanation: The Stilt House.

- Main Idea: The text explains the architecture, origin, and benefits of the stilt house.

b. Structure: 3 parts

+ Part 1: (from the beginning... community culture) defines and explains the purpose of the stilt house.

+ Part 2: (continuing with... the stilt house) explains its structure, origin, and function.

+ Part 3: (remaining) evaluates and praises the beauty of the stilt house.

c. Example Summary Text:

The stilt house is a type of architecture with a roof used for various purposes. People use natural materials to build it in a three-part structure: the under-floor area (used for storage and livestock); the inner area (divided into three rooms for living and hosting guests); and the end of the house (with stairs for entry and exit). The stilt house appeared at the beginning of the New Stone Age, especially common in Vietnam's mountainous regions and Southeast Asia, making it ideal for complex terrains. The stilt house utilizes local materials, keeps clean, and prevents pests. Many buildings still bear the influence of stilt house architecture. In Vietnam, stilt houses have achieved a high aesthetic level, fulfilling diverse needs and have tourism potential.

Question 2 (page 70 of the 10th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2):

Steps for summarizing an explanatory text:

Step 1: Identify the purpose and requirements.

Step 2: Read the original text to find its structure and relevant data (you may underline key points and skip less important information).

Step 3: Express the summarized content in sentences, paragraphs, and a coherent piece that meets the requirements of the original text.

Step 4: Review the summary.

III. Practice

Question 1 (page 71 of the 10th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2):

Text: The Introduction to "The Haiku Poetry of Basho".

- Subject: The poet Basho and Haiku poetry.

- Structure: 2 parts

+ Part 1: Explanation of the life and literary career of Basho.

+ Part 2: Explanation of Haiku poetry.

- Content: The themes, spirit, and emotions within Haiku poetry.

- Artistry:

+ The form of the poem and poetic language.

+ The value of Haiku poetry.

- Sample Haiku Summary:

Haiku is a traditional Japanese poetry form. In terms of artistic form, a Haiku consists of the fewest words, 17 syllables, divided into three parts with 5-7-5 syllables; its language is suggestive rather than descriptive, leaving much room for the reader's imagination. In terms of content, each Haiku contains a particular theme, indicated by a "seasonal word" (a term referring to the season), deeply infused with Zen Buddhism and Eastern cultural spirit. Haiku is one of Japan's greatest contributions to the world cultural heritage.

Question 2 (pages 72 - 73 of the 10th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2):

Text: "Ngoc Son Temple and the Soul of Hanoi's Poetry"

a.

- Subject of Explanation: Scenic spots (Pen Tower, Ink Stand).

- Explanatory Content: A combination of explanation and expression.

- Introduction to the Pen Tower and Ink Stand: "Visiting Ngoc Son Temple... the spirit of Confucianism".

- This text explains a scenic spot. Unlike previous texts, this one differs in its subject matter (a scenic spot) and in some content aspects.

b.

- Structure:

+ Part 1: Explanation of the Pen Tower.

+ Part 2: Explanation of the Ink Stand.

+ Part 3: The Confucian spirit of the scenic spot.

Example Summary:

Visiting Ngoc Son Temple, the first striking architectural feature is the Pen Tower and Ink Stand. The Pen Tower stands on Ngoc Boi Mountain, with a brush-shaped spire pointing towards the blue sky, and the tower’s body displays the proud inscription "Tả Thanh Thiên" (Write on the Blue Sky). Next to the Pen Tower stands the Ink Stand, named for its resemblance to an ink-well shaped like a peach, resting on the heads of three frogs, symbolizing "the ink well of the field of writing". Behind the Ink Stand is the Thê Húc Bridge, leading to Ngoc Island, where the sacred temple stands amid the whispering waters.

Question 1 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. - The subject of explanation: The stilt house – a unique architectural style found in certain ethnic groups in Vietnam and some Southeast Asian countries.

- The main idea of the text: Explanation of the structure, origin, and benefits of the stilt house.

b. Structure:

- Introduction (paragraph 1): Definition and purpose of the stilt house.

- Body (paragraphs 2, 3): Explanation of the structure, origin, and function of the stilt house.

- Conclusion (the rest): Evaluation and praise for the beauty and attraction of the stilt house in Vietnam, both historically and in modern times.

c. Summary of the Stilt House text:

The stilt house is a type of architecture used for living or other purposes. The entire stilt house is built using natural materials and supported by many pillars. The stilt house space includes the floor, the area under the floor, three main sections, and the staircase, which serve various functions such as living, eating, and receiving guests. Stilt houses appeared in the mountainous areas of Vietnam and Southeast Asia during the Neolithic period. The stilt house offers many benefits, being suitable for the local terrain, utilizing local materials, and ensuring cleanliness. The stilt houses in Vietnam have reached a high level of technical and aesthetic development and continue to attract tourists.

Question 2 (page 70, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2): How to summarize an explanatory text:

- Determine the purpose and requirements of the summary.

- Read the original text to fully understand the subject and identify the structure of the text.

- Express the main ideas in sentences, paragraphs, and a summarized essay.

Practice

Question 1 (page 71, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. The subject of explanation: The poet Basho and Haiku poetry.

b. Structure of the text:

- Paragraph 1: Summary of the biography and introduction to Basho's works.

- Paragraph 2: Explanation of the characteristics of the content and artistic style of Haiku poetry.

c. A paragraph summarizing the explanation of Haiku poetry:

Haiku poetry consists of very short lines, typically containing 17 syllables, split into three parts of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. Each poem conveys a certain theme, describing nature to evoke emotions and reflection. The language of Haiku does not concretely describe objects but often uses hints and leaves much room for the reader's imagination. Haiku is a significant contribution from Japan to the global cultural heritage.

Question 2 (page 72, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 2):

a. The subject of explanation: The scenic site of Ngoc Son Temple.

- The subject of explanation: A scenic spot that praises the poetic beauty of Ngoc Son Temple while expressing love and pride for this unique cultural heritage of the nation.

b. Summary of the description of the Pen Tower and the Ink Slab:

When visiting Ngoc Son Temple, the first architectural feature that stands out is the Pen Tower and the Ink Slab. The Pen Tower is located on Ngoc Boi Mountain, with its peak reaching toward the sky, bearing the inscription "Tả Thanh Thiên" (writing up to the sky), radiating pride. Next to the Pen Tower is the gate leading to the Ink Slab. The Ink Slab is shaped like a "stand" holding a "stone ink slab" carved in the form of a peach, resting on the heads of three frogs, symbolizing the "ink pond, literary field". Behind the Ink Slab is the Thê Húc Bridge, which leads to the Jade Island, where the sacred temple stands amidst the flowing waves.