Top 6 Analysis of Viet Bac (To Huu) - Part II: The Work (Literature Grade 12) Most Outstanding

Question 1 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

- Context of Creation

+ Late 1954, the resistance war against French colonialism ended in victory.

+ The Central Committee and government moved from Viet Bac war zone to Hanoi after 9 years of arduous, prolonged resistance.

+ To Huu wrote the poem Viet Bac to capture the deep, inseparable bond between the people of Viet Bac and the revolutionaries.

- Mood of the Poem: A mix of nostalgia, restlessness, and reluctance in the lyrical character's farewell.

- Dialogue Style: The use of 'we' and 'you' pronouns.

Question 2 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

- Nature of Viet Bac

+ The natural scenery of Viet Bac is depicted as both familiar and poetic, a revolutionary homeland.

+ Its beauty varies with time and space: morning mist, afternoon sun, midnight moon...

+ Notably, the 'four-season painting' of Viet Bac:

• Winter: Green forest with bright red banana flowers...

• Spring: White apricot blossoms covering the forest...

• Summer: Cicadas singing, golden forest...

• Autumn: Moonlit forest calling for peace...

+ Nature is intertwined with human life:

• Warm village scenes

• Revolutionary activities in the war zone

• Poetic, affectionate scenes

• Unique daily life of Viet Bac

- People of Viet Bac

+ The poet recalls the people of Viet Bac against the backdrop of mountains and forests: hat weavers, young girls picking bamboo shoots...

+ The peaceful, serene life of the people:

Remember the evening forest drum

Nightly pestle pounding by the distant stream

+ A life of hardship during the resistance, yet filled with love:

Sharing a cassava root, a bowl of rice, a shared blanket.

Question 3 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

- The majestic scene of Viet Bac in battle is vividly portrayed:

+ The nation's collective hatred for colonial imperialism: A meal of rice with salt, a heavy burden of hatred.

+ Despite hardships, optimism prevails: Difficulties, yet songs echo through mountains and passes.

+ The beauty of the forest that fought alongside us:

+ The grand scene of Viet Bac's troops marching: The paths of Viet Bac...

- Role of Viet Bac:

+ The cradle of revolution and resistance

+ A sanctuary that nurtured, protected, and sheltered revolutionaries from the early days of the revolution through the resistance against France.

Question 4 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

- The artistic form rich in national identity is evident in the excerpt

+ Traditional six-eight verse form.

+ Dialogue structure found in folk songs and love duets.

+ Dialogue form: Rich in folk song flavor, sweet and earnest.

+ The poem's tone is intimate, sweet, and lingering.

Practice

1. To Huu's skill in using the 'we-you' pronouns

- The pronouns 'we-you' are common in folk songs, familiar in the address of lovers in the past.

- These pronouns are interchangeable, inseparable, two yet one, one yet two

- To Huu splits himself to express the emotions of love for the homeland

2. Based on the above analysis, one can critique the four-season painting, the beauty of Viet Bac's people,...

Answer to question 1 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

- Context of the poem's creation: After the Geneva Accords were signed, the Central Party and the Government left the Viet Bac war zone to return to the capital.

- Emotional tone: Nostalgia and attachment, tied to the situation of separation between those leaving and those staying.

- The dialogue format (using "mình" – "ta") is a technique to evoke and express emotions, creating resonance and a split in the lyrical self.

Answer to question 2 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

The beauty of Viet Bac's scenery and people emerges through heartfelt reminiscence:

- The landscape is vibrant, rich, and captivating:

+ Nature is characterized by images like "mountains," "rain from streams," "mist," "acorns," "bamboo shoots," etc.

+ Peaceful, rustic, and familiar scenes: "moonrise over the mountain," "afternoon sun on the hillside," "villages shrouded in smoke and fog," "bamboo forests," "evening temple bells," "the rhythmic sound of pestles at night."

+ Romantic, lyrical, and lively imagery: "red banana flowers," "white plum blossoms," "golden forests," "moonlit autumn nights."

- The people of Viet Bac are hardworking, loyal, and deeply committed to the revolution:

+ Diligent and industrious: Most are depicted in labor (farming, herding, foraging, "weaving hats," "picking bamboo shoots," etc.).

+ Sharing hardships with revolutionary cadres: "caring for each other," "sharing blankets."

+ Resilient and courageous, rising up to fight: "Remember when the enemy came searching… Dien Bien rejoiced."

Answer to question 3 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

The grandeur of Viet Bac during the struggle, its role in the revolution and resistance:

- The majestic scene of Viet Bac in battle:

+ The entire region joined the resistance: "Remember when the enemy came searching/Mountains and forests fought alongside us."

+ Images of the resistance army: "Troops marching in endless lines/Their steps crushing rocks, sparks flying," "Red torch-bearing civilian teams," etc.

+ Victories in Viet Bac, filled with joy: "Hoa Binh, Tay Bac, Dien Bien rejoiced/From Dong Thap, An Khe/Joy spread to Viet Bac, Deo De, Hong Mountain."

- Viet Bac's role in the resistance:

+ The cradle of the revolution, the headquarters, and the birthplace of the anti-French struggle.

+ A source of encouragement and morale for soldiers and civilians.

+ A place where people placed their hope and faith in a victorious, peaceful future.

Answer to question 4 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Artistic form rich in national identity:

- Traditional six-eight verse form.

- The dialogue structure of "mình" – "ta."

- Language rich in imagery, with traditional metaphorical expressions evoking folk poetry.

- Expressive and emotional style deeply rooted in the Vietnamese soul: simple, sincere, and affectionate.

Practice

Question 1 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

* Use of the pronouns "mình" – "ta":

- In the excerpt from the poem Viet Bac, "mình" refers to the speaker (first person) but can also refer to the second person. "Ta" is first person, referring to the speaker, but sometimes it means "we."

- This pair of pronouns is used creatively and flexibly:

+ In some cases: "mình" refers to the cadres, "ta" refers to the people of Viet Bac ("Mình về mình có nhớ ta/Mười lăm năm ấy thiết tha mặn nồng").

+ In other cases: "mình" refers to the people of Viet Bac, "ta" refers to the cadres ("Ta về, mình có nhớ ta/Ta về, ta nhớ những hoa cùng người").

+ In yet others: "mình" refers to both the cadres and the people of Viet Bac (as in the third "mình" in the line: "Mình đi mình lại nhớ mình").

* Significance of using "mình" – "ta":

- Adds a folk poetry flavor, deep national identity, and a sweet, profound lyrical tone.

- Enhances the intimacy and natural bond between those leaving and those staying, between cadres and the people of Viet Bac, making them inseparable.

Question 2 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Analyze the poem excerpt:

Ta về, mình có nhớ ta

....Nhớ ai tiếng hát ân tình thủy chung

Guidelines:

INTRODUCTION:

– Viet Bac, a passionate lyrical song about the great causes and deep affections of revolutionary people.

– The longing for the scenery and people of Viet Bac is a prominent theme, brilliantly expressed in this excerpt.

BODY:

– The first two lines introduce the theme and serve as a transition linking the poem's parts. The departing speaker clearly states:

Ta về, ta nhớ những hoa cùng người.

In their memory, the landscape and people of Viet Bac blend into one.

– In the next eight lines, the author creates a four-season painting of Viet Bac. The poet's descriptive skill reaches classical levels. The six-word lines describe the scenery, while the eight-word lines depict people.

– The first painting depicts winter. The bright red of banana flowers rejuvenates the deep green of the forest. The contrast between green and red is striking.

The image of a person with a knife at their waist on a high pass becomes the focal point of the painting.

– The second painting portrays spring with white hues. Spring arrives, and plum blossoms bloom. Their pure white overwhelms the viewer. The phrase "trắng rừng" captures the spring's vitality and the viewer's awe.

The hat weaver's calm demeanor harmonizes with the setting. The word "chuốt" functions as both a verb and an adjective.

– The third painting depicts summer. The color yellow is used masterfully. It’s the "color" of cicadas blending with the golden hue of the forest. The poet's skillful expression makes it seem as if the cicadas' sound awakens the forest's golden color, and vice versa.

The image of "a girl picking bamboo shoots alone" balances the intense description above, evoking sweet emotions.

– The fourth painting shows autumn with a gentle, serene moonlight. Against this backdrop, "the song of enduring love" warms the heart. Is it a song from the past or the present, echoing in the hearts of those about to leave Viet Bac?

CONCLUSION:

The excerpt is a dazzling masterpiece written with exquisite skill. Reading it leaves a profound impression of gratitude toward the "revolutionary homeland that built the republic."

Question 1 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Describe the circumstances surrounding the creation of the poem. Analyze the mood and the dialogue style of the lyrical characters in the excerpt.

Detailed answer:

a. Creation context

In late 1954, after the victory of the resistance war against French colonialism, the Central Committee of the Party and the government moved from the Viet Bac war zone back to Hanoi after nine arduous years of resistance. To Huu wrote the poem Viet Bac to capture the deep, enduring bond between the people of Viet Bac and the revolutionary cadres and soldiers.

b. Mood of the poem

The poem reflects a wistful, restless, and nostalgic mood of the lyrical character during a farewell.

c. Dialogue style: The characters refer to each other as "minh" and "ta," a technique that evokes and expresses emotions, creating resonance and a split in the lyrical self.

Question 2 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

How does the beauty of Viet Bac's landscape and people emerge through the lyrical subject's recollections?

Detailed answer:

a. Recollections of Viet Bac's nature.

Viet Bac's nature is depicted as both familiar and poetic, embodying the revolutionary homeland.

- Its beauty varies with time and space: morning mist, afternoon sun, midnight moon... Particularly, the "four-season painting" of Viet Bac:

+ Winter: "Green forest, red banana flowers"

+ Spring: "Spring day, white apricot blossoms"

+ Summer: "Cicadas sing, golden forest"

+ Autumn: "Autumn forest, moon calls for peace"

- Nature becomes more beautiful and poetic when intertwined with human life:

+ Cozy village scenes:

"Remembering each village with smoke and mist

Morning and night, the kitchen fire, loved ones coming and going"

+ Scenes of resistance life in the war zone:

"Remembering literacy classes...

Hard life, yet songs echo through mountains and passes"

+ Romantic, sentimental scenes:

"Remembering as if remembering a lover

Moon rising over the mountain, afternoon sun on the hillside"

+ Unique scenes of Viet Bac life:

"Remembering the sound of the wooden bell in the forest at dusk

Nighttime pestle pounding rhythmically by the distant stream"

Lines alternate between describing scenes and people, showing the bond between nature and humans.

b. Recollections of Viet Bac's people

- The poet recalls the people of Viet Bac against the backdrop of the mountains. He remembers the forest goers: "High pass, sunlight glinting on waist knives," "Remembering the person weaving hats, smoothing each rattan strand," "Remembering the girl picking bamboo shoots alone," and the "loyal, affectionate songs" of Viet Bac people.

- Remembering peaceful, serene life:

"Remembering the sound of the wooden bell in the forest at dusk

Nighttime pestle pounding rhythmically by the distant stream"

- A life of hardship during the resistance, yet filled with love:

"Loving each other, sharing cassava roots

Half a bowl of rice, sharing a blanket"

These are the simple, everyday scenes of Viet Bac people. The most beautiful aspect is their loyalty and protection of the revolution, sacrificing everything for the resistance despite life's difficulties.

Question 3 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

How does To Huu depict the majestic scene of Viet Bac in battle and its role in the revolution and resistance?

Detailed answer:

In his recollections, the author remembers the resistance memories, the vast scenes, and the bustling activities of the people and soldiers:

- The entire nation harbors hatred for colonial imperialism: "A meal of rice with salt, the heavy burden of hatred."

- Despite hardships, optimism remains: "Hard life, yet songs echo through mountains and passes."

- This is the beauty of the "battle formation" of mountains and forests fighting alongside us:

"Remembering when the enemy came searching

Forests and mountains fought with us against the French

Mountains formed iron fortresses

Forests hid our soldiers, forests surrounded the enemy."

- This is the majestic scene of "Viet Bac's troops marching out," full of spirit, as if victory was already assured:

"The paths of Viet Bac

Nightly, rumbling as if the earth shook

Troops marching in endless lines

Starlight on gun barrels, comrades in bamboo hats

People with torches in long lines

Steps cracking stones, sparks flying..."

=> The majestic scene of Viet Bac in battle is beautifully and impressively depicted by To Huu.

- Viet Bac's role: It was the cradle of the revolution and resistance, nurturing and protecting cadres and soldiers from the early days of the revolution through the resistance against the French.

Question 4 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Comment on the artistic form rich in national identity in the poem and the excerpt.

Detailed answer:

The national identity of the poem and excerpt is reflected in:

- The use of the luc bat poetic form, a traditional Vietnamese verse, skillfully and creatively.

- The dialogue structure common in folk songs: the use of the pronouns "ta" and "minh" is particularly innovative in the poem.

- Familiar, popular imagery in a national style: "As much water as the source, as much affection," "Do you remember me when you leave?"

- Similes and metaphors common in folk poetry.

- Rhythms and melodies that are sometimes light and poetic, sometimes deep and affectionate, sometimes strong and majestic.

Practice

Detailed answer:

Question 1 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Highlight To Huu's skill in using the pronouns "minh" and "ta" in the poem.

Answer:

To Huu's skill in using the pronouns "minh" and "ta":

- "Minh" and "ta" are familiar pronouns in folk poetry, naturally incorporated into the poem.

- The author skillfully applies the folk, sweet, and deep emotions of folk songs in the use of "minh" and "ta."

+ In some cases: "minh" refers to the cadres, "ta" refers to the people of Viet Bac ("Do you remember me when you leave?/ Fifteen years of deep affection").

+ In some cases: "minh" refers to the people of Viet Bac, "ta" refers to the cadres ("I return, do you remember me?/ I return, I remember the flowers and people").

+ In some cases: "minh" refers to both the cadres and the people of Viet Bac (as in the third "minh" in the line "You leave, you return, you remember yourself").

The significance of using "minh" and "ta":

- It gives the poem a folk flavor, a strong national identity, and a sweet, deep tone.

- It enhances the intimacy and natural bond between those who leave and those who stay, between cadres and the people of Viet Bac, close and inseparable, two yet one.

Question 2 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Choose two representative excerpts from the poem. Analyze one of them.

Suggestion:

Choose the excerpt depicting the majestic scene of Viet Bac in battle: from "The paths of Viet Bac" to "Joyful Viet Bac, Deo De, Hong Mountain."

Students should present the following:

a. Introduce the position of the excerpt describing the majestic scene of Viet Bac:

- The poem Viet Bac recalls a time of revolution and resistance, both arduous and heroic, expressing deep affection for Viet Bac, a love song and an epic of the revolution, the resistance, and its people.

- After recalling Viet Bac's nature and people, the poem leads readers into the scene of Viet Bac in battle, with vast mountain forests and bustling, heroic activities. A majestic Viet Bac in battle.

b. The majestic scene of Viet Bac in battle:

- The excerpt paints a panoramic picture of our people and troops in battle, full of heroic, urgent spirit, vast space, endless time - prolonged, with onomatopoeic words helping readers imagine the urgent pace and a combined strength shaking the earth.

- The image of troops marching to battle is both heroic and romantic: the troops march like powerful waves. Starlight on gun barrels is both a realistic image and a metaphor: the star of ideals guiding soldiers to fight enemies, protecting independence and freedom for the homeland.

- Viet Bac's mountains at night, marching with groups of people serving the battle, torches lighting the way at night, marching steps... The image of Viet Bac going to battle carries the tone of an epic, the shape of a modern epic, with exaggerated images: "steps cracking stones, sparks flying"... affirming extraordinary will, the great strength of the entire people in resistance.

The last two lines affirm firm optimism and belief in the nation's victory. (Students analyze contrasting images in the two lines: "deep thick fog" - "bright tomorrow rising")

c. The excerpt, both epic and romantic, successfully conveys the spirit of resistance in Viet Bac, through which the poet deeply portrays the heroic image of the Vietnamese nation in the all-people, comprehensive, prolonged, arduous, and sacrificial but ultimately victorious resistance.

Structure

- Part 1 (first 20 lines): The message from those staying behind to those departing

- Part 2 (the rest): The words of the departing with nostalgia for Viet Bac

Question 1 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

- Context of the poem's creation:

+ Written in October 1954, following the victory over the French colonialists in the Dien Bien Phu campaign

+ As soldiers left the battlefield for the capital, the deep affection of the Viet Bac people for the soldiers inspired To Huu to write this poem

- Emotional tone of the lyrical character:

+ Emotions expressed through dialogue

+ Nostalgia and attachment between those leaving and those staying. The atmosphere of reminiscence, longing, hope, and faith

+ Dialogue style: a familiar structure in folk poetry, using the pronouns 'minh' and 'ta' to show emotional resonance

Question 2 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Through reminiscence, the beauty of Viet Bac emerges as intimate and poetic:

- Beauty spanning different times and spaces: morning mist, afternoon sun, midnight moon.

+ The four-season painting of Viet Bac: (spring: white plum blossoms/ winter: red banana flowers/ summer: golden forest with cicadas singing/ autumn: moon calling for peace)

- Nature becomes beautiful and harmonious when intertwined with human life:

+ Nature has its own harshness in the Northwest mountains

+ Moments of beauty and romance

+ Unforgettable images: kitchen smoke, mountain mist, the floating sensation of villages in the mist

+ The sound of peaceful, serene life

-> The nature of Viet Bac is a blend of four seasons, intertwined with the atmosphere of resistance, hardship, but also optimism and heroism

+ Warm village scenes

+ Life in the war zone

+ Romantic and affectionate scenes

b, Memories of the people of Viet Bac

- In the flow of reminiscence, the poet remembers the people of Viet Bac against the backdrop of the mountains

+ Remembering the people of the Northwest with their characteristic activities: a girl picking bamboo shoots, a hat weaver, a forest goer, the sound of heartfelt singing

+ The difficult life of resistance but with sharing and empathy:

Sharing sweet potatoes,

Half a bowl of rice, a shared blanket

-> The author recalls the deep affection, the days when the Northwest people sheltered and supported them despite the hardships

Question 3 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

The scene of Viet Bac in battle and its role in the revolution and resistance is vividly depicted with the spirit of an epic

+ The whole nation united against the enemy: a meal with salt, a heavy burden of hatred

+ Despite many shortages and difficulties, still full of optimism and fervor: hardships but still singing through mountains and passes

- The atmosphere of preparation for the campaign is urgent and fervent, showing combined strength

Victory affirms the strength and indomitable spirit of the nation.

- Emphasizing the role and importance of Viet Bac in the revolution and resistance: Viet Bac is the homeland of the revolution, the headquarters of the resistance, the place of trust and hope for the Vietnamese people

Question 4 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

The art of the poem is deeply national in character

- Use of the six-eight verse form - a national verse form - gentle, profound, and easily touching the heart

- Images close to the life of the people: looking at trees remembering mountains, looking at rivers remembering sources, remembering a mother with a sunburnt back

- National language: notably the creative use of the pronouns 'minh' and 'ta' in poetry

- Rhythm and melody of the nation: sometimes gentle and romantic, sometimes deep and affectionate, sometimes strong and heroic

Practice

Exercise 1 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

The familiar pronouns 'minh' and 'ta' in folk poetry are naturally and warmly incorporated into the poem

- The author also skillfully applies the folk, sweet, and deep emotions of folk songs in the use of 'minh' and 'ta'

+ In some cases: 'minh' refers to the cadres, 'ta' refers to the people of Viet Bac (When you leave, do you remember me?/ Fifteen years of deep affection)

+ 'Minh' refers to the people of Viet Bac, 'ta' refers to the cadres (When I leave, do you remember me?/ When I leave, I remember the flowers and the people)

+ In some cases, 'minh' refers to both the cadres and the people of Viet Bac (the third 'minh' in the line, when you leave, you remember yourself)

- The meaning of the pronouns 'minh' and 'ta':

+ Brings a folk flavor, deep national character, and a sincere, profound tone to the poem

+ Helps to deepen the bond between those staying and those leaving, between cadres and the people of the resistance zone

Exercise 2 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Analyze the passage about the beauty of the scenery and people of Viet Bac:

- The passage is like a heartfelt song about Viet Bac, the revolutionary homeland during the resistance

- Alongside the epic picture of daily life, the emotions of the revolutionary soldiers, is the beauty of nature

+ The four-season painting of Viet Bac is recreated with great finesse

+ The warm and vibrant spring scene: red banana flowers

+ Spring with the white color of plum and apricot blossoms, evoking a mountain forest full of spring vitality and purity

+ The summer scene with the golden color of the forest in autumn, blending with the sound of cicadas, a characteristic of summer

+ The image of people standing out in the mountain space makes the poem even sweeter and more poetic

+ With images of Viet Bac landscapes appearing before the reader's eyes, accompanied by the sound of human singing, the harmony between scenery and people enhances each other

+ The fourth painting of the autumn forest in Viet Bac becomes vast, but not cold, thanks to the singing blending with the peaceful and serene moonlight

- Viet Bac is seen as a masterpiece of To Huu, who shows his finesse through the guidance of a soul full of affection, a natural landscape closely linked with the beauty and soul of the people.

Structure

- Part 1 (first 20 lines): The message from those staying behind to those departing

- Part 2 (remaining lines): The words of the departing ones with their longing for Viet Bac

Question 1 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

- Context of the poem's creation: After the Dien Bien Phu victory and the signing of the Geneva Accords (July 1954), in October 1954, the resistance fighters returned from the mountainous bases to the lowlands, and the Central Party and Government moved from the Viet Bac war zone back to the capital. Inspired by this historic event, To Huu composed the poem Viet Bac.

- Analysis of the emotional tone and dialogue style of the lyrical characters:

+ Use of the pronoun pair "minh" – "ta," commonly used to denote relationships between lovers or spouses, evoking feelings of affection and attachment.

+ The author imagines the farewell between the Central Party and the people as a parting between lovers, filled with reluctance, longing, and nostalgia.

Question 2 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Through the recollections of the lyrical subject, the beauty of Viet Bac's landscape and people emerges:

- Nature of Viet Bac:

+ Moonrise over the mountains: a peaceful moonlight amidst the mountains.

+ Afternoon sun on the hillside.

+ Villages shrouded in mist and smoke.

+ The image of a hearth: the early morning and evening hearth of a loved one.

+ Scenes of bamboo forests, treelines, etc.

+ The natural scenery of Viet Bac through the four seasons, each with its unique characteristics.

- Memories of the people of Viet Bac:

+ Remembering the people of Viet Bac in their hardships, yet still loyal, faithful, and committed to the revolution.

+ Recalling joyful, warm memories between soldiers and the people of Viet Bac: literacy classes, festive hours.

+ Remembering the simple, rustic beauty of laborers: "the mother," "the young girl."

Question 3 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

- The majestic scene of Viet Bac during the resistance:

+ The entire mountains and forests of Viet Bac joined the resistance: Remember when the enemy came searching/The trees and rocks fought alongside us.

+ Images of the resistance army: Troops marching in endless lines/Their steps crushing stones, sparks flying, Torch-lit processions of laborers, etc.

+ The victories in Viet Bac, the joyous triumphs: Hoa Binh, Tay Bac, Dien Bien rejoiced/Joy from Dong Thap, An Khe/Joy rising to Viet Bac, Deo De, Hong Mountain.

- The role of Viet Bac in the resistance:

+ As the revolutionary homeland, the headquarters, the cradle of the anti-French resistance.

+ A place that encouraged and boosted the fighting spirit of our troops and people.

+ Where people placed their trust and hope for a victorious, peaceful tomorrow.

Question 4 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

The poem Viet Bac deeply embodies national characteristics:

- Successful use of the traditional six-eight verse form.

- Use of the pronoun pair "minh" – "ta," commonly found in folk poetry.

- Simple, familiar, and close-to-life language and imagery, rich in folkloric tones.

- Skillful use of artistic techniques such as repetition, enumeration, comparison, symbolic metaphors, etc.

- Flexible, resonant rhythm and versatile tone.

Practice

Question 1 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

- The author creatively and flexibly uses the pronoun pair "minh-ta":

+ In some cases: "minh" refers to the cadres, "ta" refers to the people of Viet Bac (When you return, do you remember me/Those fifteen years of deep affection).

+ In some cases: "minh" refers to the people of Viet Bac, "ta" refers to the cadres (I return, do you remember me/I return, I remember the flowers and people).

+ In some cases: "minh" refers to both the cadres and the people of Viet Bac (as in the third "minh" in the line: I go, I return, I remember myself).

- The significance of using the pronoun pair "minh-ta":

+ Gives the poem the flavor of folk songs, warm, close, and familiar.

+ Deeply portrays the bond, loyalty, affection, and nostalgia between the Central Party and the people of Viet Bac.

Question 2 (page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1)

Analyze the passage depicting the scene of Viet Bac during the resistance:

The roads of Viet Bac are ours

Night after night, rumbling as if the earth shakes

(...)

Joy from Dong Thap, An Khe

Joy rising to Viet Bac, Deo De, Hong Mountain

- Tone of the poem: heroic, strong, fast, and intense.

- Imagery:

+ Space: the roads of Viet Bac – vast space, covering all paths in Viet Bac.

+ Troops marching in endless lines: armies following one another into battle.

+ Torch-lit processions of laborers, steps crushing stones, sparks flying.

+ Headlights shining bright.

→ The imagery evokes a fierce, intense momentum, with everyone joining the battle.

- Language:

+ Use of descriptive reduplicatives: endless, marching, etc.

+ Dense use of strong verbs: march, light, crush, fly, etc.

→ A heroic Viet Bac, an epic of fervent spirit in the anti-French resistance.

Main content of the text

- Content: the poem is a love song for the revolution, the resistance, and the people of the resistance. It expresses deep attachment and gratitude to the people and the nation, filled with national pride...

- Artistry: deeply national, in the use of dialogue with the pronoun pair "minh-ta," simple language and imagery, flexible rhythm, and the use of the national verse form – the six-eight meter...

I. Guide to Preparing the Lesson

Question 1 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

* Context of the poem's creation: The Điện Biên Phủ campaign ended victoriously, and in July 1954, the Geneva Accords on Indochina were signed, restoring peace. Northern Vietnam was liberated. In October 1954, resistance cadres returned from the Việt Bắc base to the lowlands, and the Party Central Committee and government moved back to the capital. To commemorate this historic event, Tố Hữu composed the poem Việt Bắc.

* Emotional tone: A deep, vast longing, a passionate nostalgia for the days of resistance and revolution. The poet's intense longing is for the natural beauty of Việt Bắc, its people, their lives, and unforgettable memories of the arduous yet heroic struggle there.

* Dialogue style of the lyrical characters: Modeled after folk songs and love duets, where the questioner is the one staying behind, and the responder is the one leaving.

Question 2 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

Through the lyrical subject's reminiscence, the beauty of Việt Bắc's landscape and people emerges:

a, Through the words of the one staying:

* Nature of Việt Bắc:

- “Rain from the source, floods in streams, clouds and mist” – The 4/4 rhythm and complementary parallelism highlight the harshness of Việt Bắc's mountainous nature, which forges resilience and deep bonds between the people and the resistance cadres.

- Memories of life in the war zone: “A piece of rice... on the shoulder”

+ Part 1: Depicts a life of hardship and scarcity.

+ Part 2: Both share a common class and national enemy, united by a noble cause.

→ Life in the war zone was tough but filled with deep affection and camaraderie.

* Memories of Việt Bắc's people: Artistic parallelism:

+ Gray lau leaves >< hearts of gold.

+ Sparse >< profound.

→ Emphasizes the unwavering loyalty of Việt Bắc's people to the revolution and resistance, recalling the early days of building the revolutionary base: “Remember the anti-Japanese days, the Việt Minh era” – a period of hardship and heroism, marking the growth of the revolution and resistance. Remembering Việt Bắc is remembering oneself:

“Do you remember yourself as you leave?

Tân Trào, Hồng Thái, the communal house, the banyan tree.”

b, Through the words of the one leaving: Deep memories of Việt Bắc's nature and people during the resistance days.

* Nature of Việt Bắc: Evoked through the leaver's memories.

- Memories of Việt Bắc's nature at different times: “Moonrise over the mountain, afternoon sun on the hillside.”

- Memories of Việt Bắc's nature in different spaces:

+ Bamboo forests and treelines

+ Ngòi Thia, Đáy River, Lê Stream...

→ Việt Bắc's nature is remembered in the most concrete and intimate terms, reflecting the enduring loyalty of its people and the cadres to their revolutionary homeland.

* Memories of Việt Bắc's people

- Those who shared both sweet and bitter times with the revolutionaries.

- Memories of Việt Bắc mothers: hardworking, full of sacrifice.

- Memories of the living spaces during the resistance: “Remember the literacy classes...”

- Memories of their timeless rhythms: “Remember the evening forest drum...”

→ These sounds evoke a peaceful, happy life of Việt Bắc's people.

* Most wonderful is the memory of nature harmonizing with Việt Bắc's people:

“ Do you remember me as I leave?

I leave, remembering the flowers and the people...

→ Each pair of lines paints a unique picture of Việt Bắc's flowers and people through the seasons, creating a four-panel painting of the region's natural and human beauty.

Question 3 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

The majestic scene of Việt Bắc in battle, its role in the revolution and resistance, is depicted by Tố Hữu:

- People and nature together fighting the enemy: “Remember Việt Bắc's paths...”

→ Rich in epic and romantic inspiration.

- The author recreates Việt Bắc's paths at night: bustling, radiant with light.

→ The passage is epic, heroic, and magnificent.

- Memories of government meetings in hardship and scarcity.

→ Absolute faith in the revolutionary homeland: Việt Bắc becomes a symbol of hope, forging determination and will, directing hearts towards Bác, towards light and life.

Question 4 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

The artistic form rich in national character is expressed in the excerpt:

- Traditional lục bát verse.

- Dialogue structure from folk songs and love duets.

- Dialogue form: rich in folk song flavor, sweet and passionate.

- The poem's intimate, sweet, and lingering tone.

Practice

Question 1 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

Tố Hữu's skill in using the pair of pronouns 'ta – mình' in the poem:

- The pronouns 'ta – mình' are common in folk songs, essentially two but one.

- These pronouns interchange, inseparable.

- Tố Hữu splits himself to express love for the homeland.

Question 2 (Page 114, Literature 12, Volume 1):

Based on the prepared knowledge, students choose one of two excerpts to analyze.

One may choose the passage about the beauty of Việt Bắc's landscape and people:

"Do you remember me as you leave?

I leave, remembering the flowers and the people

…

Remember the one weaving hats, smoothing each rattan strand.":

⇒ Beauty of nature:

+ Winter: Green forest, red banana flowers

• Red banana flowers warm the cold winter scene, like torches dispelling the mountain chill.

+ Spring: Spring days, white apricot blossoms

• The white of apricot blossoms is pure and fresh, 'white forest' brightens the verse, evoking the vast floral landscape of Tây Bắc in spring.

+ Summer: Cicadas sing, forest turns gold

• The summer scene is not just colorful but also sonorous. When cicadas sing, the forest bursts into golden bloom. 'Turn' suggests both motion and rapid change.

+ Autumn: Forest in autumn, moonlight of peace

• The autumn scene evokes peace and romance, fitting for love duets.

Traditionally, Tây Bắc's mountains evoke mystery and fierceness, but as Việt Bắc became a revolutionary base, its nature became warm and familiar. It's a four-panel painting of Việt Bắc's nature, rich in national spirit.

⇒ Beauty of people:

+ High pass, sunlight on the waist knife

• A stance of mastery over the mountains

+ Remember the one weaving hats, smoothing each rattan strand

• Skillful and graceful in work

+ Remember the voice singing of faithful love

• Loyal, deep, and affectionate