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1. Bài soạn "Bố cục trong văn bản" số 4

2. Lesson Plan "Structure in Text" No. 5

3. Lesson Plan on "Text Structure" - Version 6

4. Lesson Plan on "Text Structure" - Version 1

5. Lesson Plan "Structure in Texts" Version 2

6. Lesson Plan: "Structure in Texts" - Example 3

1. Bài soạn "Bố cục trong văn bản" số 4

I. STRUCTURE AND REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURE IN WRITTEN TEXT Question 1 - Page 28 of the textbook Structure of the text a. You want to write an application letter to join the Ho Chi Minh Pioneer Youth Union. Should the contents of the letter be arranged in a specific order? b. The arrangement of content in a logical sequence within a text is called structure. Why is it important to consider structure when composing a text? Answer a. In an application letter to join the Ho Chi Minh Pioneer Youth Union, the required information could include: full name, date of birth, school, place of residence, and the reason for joining the Union. These sections must be organized in a clear and logical order; one cannot arbitrarily place information in any order. b. The arrangement of content in a logical order is called structure. When creating a text, structure is crucial because it organizes ideas into distinct sections, helping the reader easily comprehend the content. Question 2 - Page 29 of the textbook Requirements for structure in a text Read the following two stories: (1) There was a frog who arrogantly thought the sky was as small as a lid. It would walk around, looking up at the sky and croaking loudly. It used to live in a well, but when heavy rains caused the well to overflow, the frog was carried out. Before that, the frog had always seen the sky as tiny, barely larger than the size of the lid. It thought it was superior, and every time it croaked, all the other creatures in the well would tremble in fear. Eventually, it was crushed by a passing buffalo, and from that day, the buffalo became the farmer's companion. (2) Once, a man loved to boast. One day, he wore a new coat and stood outside hoping someone would compliment him. He waited all day, but no one said a word. Frustrated, he finally boasted to someone: "Since I wore this new coat, I haven't seen any pigs pass by here." Just then, a man hurriedly came up to him and asked, "Have you seen my wedding pig pass by here?" a. Are the two stories above properly structured? b. Where does the narration go wrong? c. How do you think the structure of these two stories should be arranged? Answer a. The two stories above lack structure. Both "The Frog in the Well" and "The Wedding Pig" are not arranged in a logical sequence, which reduces the effectiveness of the stories. The disorganized structure makes it difficult for readers to understand the main message and critique the reality presented in the tales. b. The mistakes in the stories lie in the sequencing of events. The frog's life situation and boastful nature should be described before the storm that takes it outside, and the events should follow a logical progression. The second story should present the reason for boasting before the character is interrupted by the pig question. c. The structure should be rearranged to include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Question 3 - Page 29 of the textbook Parts of a text's structure a. What is the function of the introduction, body, and conclusion in narrative and descriptive texts? b. Is it necessary to clearly distinguish the role of each part? Why? c. Is the following statement correct? Why? Answer a. In descriptive texts: - Introduction: Introduces the subject - Body: Describes the subject - Conclusion: Expresses feelings about the subject In narrative texts: - Introduction: Introduces the event - Body: Details the event - Conclusion: Shares reflections on the event b. Each part of a text's structure serves a distinct purpose, so distinguishing their roles ensures logical coherence and clarity in the argument. c. The claim that the introduction is just a summary of the body, and the conclusion is a repetition of the introduction, is incorrect. The introduction introduces the subject or event, while the conclusion conveys personal reflections and feelings. d. Although the main content of a descriptive text is in the body, the introduction and conclusion are still necessary. The introduction engages the reader and sets the stage for the topic, while the conclusion wraps up the message and leaves a lasting impression. PRACTICE SECTION Question 1 - Page 30 of the textbook Find real-life examples to demonstrate that organizing ideas clearly leads to more persuasive writing or speaking. Conversely, if ideas are poorly organized, the message becomes unclear and harder to understand. Answer Here’s an example illustrating the importance of clear organization in presenting ideas: Two versions of the story "Two Goats" (Lesson 1) are presented: a) Both goats wanted to cross the bridge first, neither would yield, and they butted heads, falling into the river. The black goat went this way, and the white goat went that way across the narrow bridge. b) The black goat went this way, and the white goat went that way across the narrow bridge. Both goats wanted to cross first, neither yielding, and they butted heads, falling into the river. In the first version (a), the cause is mentioned after the result, which makes it difficult for the reader to understand and reduces engagement. In the second version (b), the cause comes before the result, making the story easier to follow and more engaging. Question 2 - Page 30 of the textbook Write the structure of the story "The Farewell of the Dolls." Is the structure clear and logical? Could the story be told with a different structure? Answer The structure of the story "The Farewell of the Dolls" is as follows: - Introduction: From the beginning to... crying a lot: The story starts with the mother of Thanh and Thuy asking the siblings to divide their toys. - Body: Then the story shifts to the past, before returning to the present to describe Thuy's emotional farewell to her teacher, friends, and Thanh. - Conclusion: From "I mumbled..." to the end: The story concludes with Thanh sadly watching his sister climb into the car, which drives off. The story is structured in a clear and logical sequence based on time, and each section is distinct, making the structure effective. However, it could be told in a different order, as long as the requirements for clarity and logic are maintained. Question 3 - Page 30 of the textbook A student is tasked with reporting on study experiences at a school conference. The student plans to write the report in three parts. Is the structure clear and logical? Why or why not? What could be added? Answer The student's report structure is not entirely clear and logical. The sections (1), (2), and (3) in the body of the report only describe the student's study habits without providing insight into the lessons learned. The report would be more cohesive if the achievements in learning were discussed in these sections, rather than mentioning extracurricular accomplishments like team activities and cultural performances. Additionally, the introduction of a report should briefly outline the content, introducing what will be discussed. The body should focus on lessons learned from studying, not just the activities. The conclusion should summarize the experiences and express the student's commitment to further improvement.

Illustration (Source: internet)

2. Lesson Plan "Structure in Text" No. 5

Structure and the Requirements for Structure in Texts

1. Structure of a Text

a. The elements in a document must be arranged in a specific order. It cannot be arbitrary; it must follow a logical sequence.

b. When writing a text, attention must be paid to the structure, as it helps create clarity and organization in the writer's thoughts and communication, ensuring effective interaction.

2. Requirements for Structure in Texts

a. The two stories given lack structure.

b. There is illogical sequencing in the narrative: The content of the story doesn’t follow any particular order, making it incoherent. In Text (1), the story shifts abruptly from the frog leaving the pond to the frog living in the well, and then to the frog outside the well. In Text (2), the reason for showing off the new clothes is explained later, which disrupts the flow.

c. The structure of the two stories should be organized as follows:

- Text (1): Frog lives in the well → sees the bright sky → feels superior to the snails → when it rains, goes outside → develops a boastful attitude → gets stepped on by the buffalo.

- Text (2): In paragraph 2, the reason for showing the new clothes comes before the event of showing them off.

3. Parts of Structure

a. Tasks of the parts:

Parts of the text

Descriptive texts

Personal narratives

Introduction

Introduce the scene being described

Give an overview of the event

Body

Describe the scene or object in detail

Chronicle the sequence of events

Conclusion

Summarize feelings

Retell the conclusion of the event

b. It's important to distinguish the purpose of each section as it helps maintain clarity and prevents confusion.

c. This statement is incorrect. Each part has its own distinct role, though they are interconnected, they are independent and should not overlap.

d. One cannot agree with that opinion, as each part has its own function and is equally important.

Exercise

Question 1 (page 30, Literature 7, Volume 1):

Examples:

- The story of the Pig Wedding and the Frog in the Well are part of Section I.

- In reality: Telling the story of being late to school:

+ The original paragraph lacks a clear structure: "I went to school by bike. Everyone was riding close to each other, and I accidentally fell off. Yesterday, I arrived late at school. The road was very crowded, and there were many vehicles. That’s why I was late for school."

→ Revised paragraph: "Yesterday, I arrived late at school. The road was very crowded, and there were many vehicles. I went to school by bike. Everyone was riding close to each other, and I accidentally fell off. That’s why I was late for school."

Question 2 (page 30, Literature 7, Volume 1):

The structure of the story "The Separation of the Dolls":

- Introduction: The scene of the two siblings dividing their toys (present time)

- Body: Flashback to the past - parting ways in school.

- Conclusion: The siblings part ways (present time)

* This structure is clear and logical. Alternatively, it could be told in reverse chronological order, from past to present...

Question 3 (page 30, Literature 7, Volume 1):

The structure is quite clear but not entirely logical. In the Introduction, it would be better to add the introduction of the names and topic of the report after the greeting. The Body should omit part (4). The Conclusion should briefly summarize the content discussed and provide a hint for future directions.

Illustration (Source: internet)

3. Lesson Plan on "Text Structure" - Version 6

A. Key Concepts

A text cannot be written randomly; it must have a clear structure. Structure refers to the arrangement and organization of parts and sections in a logical and coherent order.
Conditions for an organized and coherent structure include: The content of each section and paragraph must be tightly connected, while also clearly distinguished from each other.
The order in which the sections and paragraphs are arranged should help the writer (or speaker) achieve the communication goal.
Texts generally follow a structure with three main parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.

B. Exercises and Solution Guide

Exercise 1 (Page 30 – Textbook) Find real-life examples to prove that: When we pay attention to organizing ideas clearly, our writing (or speech) becomes more persuasive. On the other hand, if we fail to arrange ideas logically, our writing (or speech) will be difficult to understand and ineffective.

Example: In a composition about my first day of school, the sequence should follow: I wake up early, clean up, put on my new white dress, carry my bag, walk with my mother to school, the school is beautifully decorated, the ceremony is formal, the principal gives a speech, and then we head to the classroom. If we change this order, the reader won’t be able to follow or understand.

Exercise 2 (Page 30 – Textbook) Write the structure of the story 'The Farewell of the Dolls.' Do you think this structure is logical and coherent? Can the story be retold using a different structure?

Solution: The structure of the story 'The Farewell of the Dolls' is logical and coherent because the sections and paragraphs are well-connected, making it easy for the reader to follow. This structure is as follows: Part 1: The opening, the two siblings divide the toys. Part 2: The next part until 'covering up the landscape': Thuy says goodbye to the class. Part 3: The remaining part: the siblings part ways. This structure is not the only one, as the story can be retold using another arrangement as long as it remains clear and coherent.

Exercise 3 (Page 30 – Textbook) A student is asked to report on study experiences at the school's Academic Excellence Conference. They plan to present the report using the following structure: (I) Introduction: Greetings to all participants, teachers, and students. (II) Body: (1) Describe study methods in class. (2) Describe study methods at home. (3) Describe learning methods in life. (4) Describe extracurricular activities and achievements. (III) Conclusion: Wish the conference success. Is this structure logical and coherent? Why or why not? What could be added?

Solution: A report on study experiences organized into three parts – Introduction, Body, and Conclusion – is reasonable. However, the content in each section needs to be reviewed for coherence. The introduction should not only include greetings but also introduce the content of the report. The body should include concrete experiences rather than just describing the learning methods. Part (4) seems out of place as it does not focus on study experiences, and adding results or achievements would make the report more logical and persuasive.

Illustration (Source: Internet)

4. Lesson Plan on "Text Structure" - Version 1

I. Structure and the Requirements for Structure in Texts

1. Structure of a Text

a. The content in a letter should be arranged in a specific order, not randomly. It is not acceptable to write the reasons for applying to the team before mentioning your name and address.

- One cannot write the reason for joining the team first, followed by the name and address.

- Likewise, it’s incorrect to mention efforts to improve before stating the reason for joining the team – the order and procedure of writing the letter must be followed.

b. When creating a text, attention must be paid to its structure, as this ensures a logical flow that helps achieve the communication goal.

2. Requirements for Structure in Texts

- The two stories in the textbook on page 29 have an illogical structure. The events are narrated out of order, which prevents the text from conveying its educational and humorous purpose.

- The storytelling in (1) is flawed in that the story about the frog sitting at the bottom of the well presents a subjective viewpoint, leading it to describe the frog as unaware of its surroundings.

+ The story doesn’t relate to the topic “The ox becoming a friend to the farmer.”

- Story (2) fails to reveal the characters' personalities:

+ The character who constantly boasts about themselves ignores others.

+ Furthermore, the story does not highlight humor when the characters add unnecessary elements to the questions and responses.

3. Parts of the Structure

a. The introduction part should introduce the subject being described.

- The body should describe the features of the subject.

- The conclusion should summarize the subject described.

b. Each part of the structure should be clearly distinguished from one another. If not, the text may become chaotic.

c. The introduction should not summarize the body, and the conclusion should not repeat the introduction, because:

+ The introduction introduces and sets up the issue, the body addresses it, and the conclusion wraps up the issue.

+ The parts are interrelated but distinct, all contributing to one unified theme or content without overlap.

d. Disagreeing with the viewpoint that these parts can be omitted, since the relationship between parts in a text is vital for maintaining balance, sequence, and unity.

III. Practice

Exercise 1 (Page 30, 7th-grade Literature Textbook, Volume 1)

If a text's order is not logical, the content and meaning of the message will be unclear and difficult to understand.

+ Students will deliver speeches on topics like traffic safety, environmental pollution, and energy conservation.

+ Students will share their personal learning experiences.

+ Letters should also be written in a specific order.

Exercise 2 (Page 30, 7th-grade Literature Textbook, Volume 1)

Structure of the text "The Farewell of the Dolls"

+ Introduction (From the beginning... due to much crying): The siblings' division of toys.

+ Body (Continues... moving the items to the truck): The siblings’ feelings before parting.

+ Conclusion (the remaining part): The final moments of their farewell.

Exercise 3 (Page 30, 7th-grade Literature Textbook, Volume 1)

Your structure is clear. However, revisions are needed in the content:

+ Add a section on study tips.

+ Remove the part about “Mentioning achievements in the team and personal artistic accomplishments,” as it is unrelated to the study experience.

The conclusion should include a final statement about the shared learning experience, followed by wishing success for the meeting.

Illustrative image (Source: internet)

5. Lesson Plan "Structure in Texts" Version 2

I. Structure and the Requirements for Structure in Text

1. The Structure of a Text

- When writing a letter to join the Hồ Chí Minh Young Pioneers, its content must follow a specific order.

- You cannot randomly choose which part to write first. The text must be organized in a clear and logical structure; writing carelessly will confuse the reader.

b. When creating a text, it is important to focus on its structure, as this is the only way to organize the sections and paragraphs in a way that conveys the content in a coherent and systematic order.

2. Requirements for Structure in a Text

a. The two stories in the textbook lack proper structure.

b. The illogical narrative structure is evident in the following:

- Story (1):

Paragraph one: The frog talks about the sky first, then gives the reason: the frog is used to living in the bottom of a well.
Paragraph two: The last sentence of the first paragraph talks about the rain flooding the well, pushing the frog out. The first sentences of the second paragraph describe the frog still being inside the well. The second paragraph ends with the frog becoming friends with the farmer's ox.
- Story (2):

Paragraph one: A person who likes to brag stands outside, showing off his new clothes to passersby.
Paragraph two: The conclusion comes first, bragging about the clothes, and then the reason: he also asks about his pig’s wedding.
c. The structure of both stories is confusing and difficult for the reader to follow, failing to create humor as intended.

3. Components of the Structure

a. The roles of the introduction, body, and conclusion in descriptive and narrative texts:

- Narrative:

Introduction: Introduce the characters and events.
Body: Narrate the sequence of events.
Conclusion: Present the outcome of the events.
- Descriptive:

Introduction: Present the subject being described.
Body: Describe the subject in detail.
Conclusion: Express the writer’s feelings about the subject.

b. It's important to distinguish the function of each section, as each serves a unique purpose. This helps maintain a clear and logical flow in the text.

c. The statement above is incorrect. The introduction is not just a summary of the body; it should guide the reader naturally into the topic, creating interest. The conclusion must express the writer’s feelings and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

=> Summary:

- Texts should not be written haphazardly but must have a clear structure. Structure involves arranging sections and paragraphs in a systematic, logical order.

- Conditions for achieving a clear and logical structure:

The content of the sections and paragraphs must be consistent and coherent, with clear distinctions between them.
The sequence of the sections and paragraphs should assist the writer (or speaker) in effectively achieving the intended communication goal.
- Texts are generally built with three parts: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion.

II. Exercises

Question 1.

* Example: A descriptive essay about the school’s atmosphere on the first day of school.

- Introduction: Introduce the subject being described: the school’s atmosphere on the first day.

- Body: Describe the scene in a logical sequence of time or space.

Before the ceremony: Starting from the school gate, to the classrooms, and to the stage.
During the ceremony: Focus on describing the scene on stage and in the schoolyard.
At the end of the ceremony: Provide an overall description of the scene.
- Conclusion: Express your feelings after the ceremony.

* Be mindful of form: Ensure there is a logical connection between the sentences and paragraphs. The content should be consistent throughout the text.

=> Structuring the text as above helps readers understand the entire text.

Question 2.

- The structure of the text 'The Farewell of the Dolls': Consists of 3 parts.

Part 1: From the beginning to 'such filial piety'. Scene where the two siblings divide their toys.
Part 2: From there to 'wraps everything in a blanket'. The farewell between the siblings and their teachers and friends.
Part 3: The remaining part. The farewell between the two siblings.
- The structure is logical and clear.

Changing the structure would be unnecessary.

Question 3.

- The structure in the textbook is not clear and logical.

- Reason: Some parts are missing important ideas.

- Additions:

1. Introduction:

- Greeting…

- Introduce your name, age, and class.

2. Body

Remove section (4) that talks about achievements in extracurricular activities and art, as this is a report on study activities, not extracurricular accomplishments.

3. Conclusion

- Summarize the main content presented.

- Broaden: Discuss future goals.

- Wish for a successful conference.

* Review Exercise: Identify the structure needed for a paragraph about a memorable experience.

Suggestion: Students should create a three-part structure: introduction, body, and conclusion for the essay.

* Introduction:

- Introduce the memorable experience (praise from teachers, being misunderstood, lying to parents, etc.).

- Describe your overall feeling about the memory (happy, embarrassed, etc.).

* Body:

1. Context of the memory:

- When did it happen?

- Who was involved?

2. The story's progression:

- Present the beginning and development of the story.

- Describe the climax of the story.

- The attitude and emotions of the characters in the story.

3. The story's conclusion:

- How did the story end?

- Reflect on your thoughts and feelings about the story.

* Conclusion:

- The lesson you learned from the experience.

Illustration (Source: internet)

6. Lesson Plan: "Structure in Texts" - Example 3

KEY CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER

- A text must have a clear structure, it cannot be written arbitrarily. Structure is the arrangement and organization of sections and paragraphs in a clear and logical order.

- Conditions for a clear and logical structure:

The content of the sections and paragraphs must be consistent with one another, while maintaining clear distinctions between them. The arrangement of sections and paragraphs should allow the writer (or speaker) to easily achieve their communication goal.

- A text is usually structured into three main parts: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion.

I. Structure and Requirements for Text Structure.
1. Structure of a text
a) The content in forms must follow a specific order; random placement of sections makes the text unclear and unconvincing.
b) When writing a text, focus on its structure as it helps the text be coherent, clearly developed, and persuasive to the reader.

2. Requirements for Text Structure
a) The two stories above lack structure, as the events are not organized logically, causing the main message to be lost.
b) The storytelling is problematic: the sequence of sentences should be rearranged, starting with the frog's habitat and circumstances, then explaining how these led to its panic and eventual death from being stepped on.
c) The structure of these stories should follow a clear Introduction, Body, and Conclusion, each section connected by cohesive linking sentences.

3. Parts of the Structure
a) Introduction: presents the topic, engages the reader
Body: develops the content, addresses the issue introduced
Conclusion: summarizes, reaffirms, and elevates the issue discussed.
b) Each part must have a clear role to ensure logical progression in the argument, maintaining coherence.
c) It’s incorrect to treat the introduction as a mere summary of the body or the conclusion as a repeat of the introduction. The conclusion should reflect the analysis presented in the body.

II. Exercises
Question 1, page 30, Grade 7 Literature: Examples of real-life situations: a debate competition, writing a letter to express a wish to join a club, submitting a proposal to a superior…

Question 2, page 30, Grade 7 Literature:
Introduction (from the beginning... crying a lot): starts with the mother of Thành and Thủy making the two children share their toys.
Body: pauses to recall the past and then shifts to the present, telling the emotional farewell of Thủy with her teacher, friends, and Thành.
Conclusion: ends with Thành sobbing as he watches his sister climb into the car, which drives away rapidly.

Question 3, page 30, Grade 7 Literature:
The structure is logical. It includes all necessary parts for a well-rounded text. The content of each part must be solid and coherent.

Illustration (Source: internet)

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