Top 6 Bài soạn "Ông lão đánh cá và con cá vàng" lớp 6 hay nhất

A. CENTRAL KNOWLEDGE

Author: A. Pushkin (1799 - 1837) - the great Russian poet - recounts the story through 205 verses based on Russian and German folk tales.

Content: The story praises gratitude towards kind-hearted people while criticizing greed and betrayal. The old man's wife is an extremely greedy character. Her increasing demands are mirrored by the growing rage of the sea: asking for a new trough → calm sea waves, asking for a bigger house → the sea turns green with waves, asking to be a lady-in-waiting → waves grow fierce, asking to be queen → the sea churns violently, asking to become the Sea King → the sea becomes a stormy, roaring turmoil. The golden fish, which repays the old man for his kindness, ultimately becomes the savior of the wife. Thus, her ingratitude extends not only to her husband but also to the golden fish. Both the sea and the golden fish express anger at the old man for his foolishness, submission, and weakness. His cowardice enables evil and corruption to prosper, allowing tyrannical rulers and oppressors to thrive.

Artistic Techniques: Pushkin's retelling of the tale uses classic fairytale techniques such as escalating repetition of key events, contrasting character traits, and the introduction of fantastical elements. The story promotes gratitude for kind people and emphasizes the moral lesson that the greedy and ungrateful will face consequences.

Summary of the Story: The story of the Old Man and the Golden Fish is about a poor fisherman who catches a golden fish one day. On his first attempt, he only catches mud. On the second try, he catches seaweed. On the third, he catches the golden fish, which begs for its life, promising to grant a wish in return. Moved by compassion, the old man sets the fish free. When he returns home and tells his wife, she scolds him for being foolish and sends him back to ask the fish for things. The first request is for a new trough, the second for a larger house, the third for a noble title, the fourth for queenship, and the fifth for the title of Sea Queen. Infuriated by the wife’s insatiable greed, the fish reverts all its gifts, leaving the couple to return to their original, poor state.

B. EXERCISES AND SOLUTIONS

Question 1: (Page 96 - Literature 6 textbook) How many times did the old man go to the sea to call the golden fish? The repeated trips to the sea are a deliberate technique in this folk tale. What is the effect of this repetition?

Answer:
In the story, the old man visits the sea five times to call the golden fish. This repetition emphasizes the central theme of the story and deepens the portrayal of the wife’s character. It highlights her insatiable greed and the old man’s submissiveness. The repetition doesn’t make the story monotonous but rather reinforces the traits of both characters: the cowardly man and the insatiably greedy wife.

Question 2: (Page 96 - Literature 6 textbook) How does the sea change each time the old man calls the golden fish? Why?

Answer:
First time: asks for a new trough – calm sea waves.
Second time: asks for a beautiful house – the sea turns green with waves.
Third time: asks to be a noblewoman – the sea churns violently.
Fourth time: asks to be queen – the sea becomes turbulent with mist.
Fifth time: asks to become Sea Queen – the sea rages with roaring waves.
These escalating changes in the sea symbolize the wife’s increasingly unreasonable demands, representing nature’s response to her greed.

Question 3: (Page 96 - Literature 6 textbook) What do you think of the wife’s greed and betrayal? How does her betrayal of her husband escalate? When does her betrayal reach its peak? (Pay attention to her attitude toward the golden fish in her final demand.)

Answer:
First: She asks for a trough. The wife scolds the old man for not getting anything from the fish, showing her greed. While the request seems reasonable, her attitude toward the old man is wrong.
Second: She demands a beautiful house. She insults the old man, calling him foolish, showing that her greed is growing.
Third: She demands the title of a noblewoman. She scorns the old man more harshly, displaying her arrogance and escalating greed.
Fourth: She demands to be queen. She treats the old man cruelly, illustrating her excessive greed and ungratefulness.
Fifth: Her betrayal reaches its peak when she demands to be the Sea Queen, even ordering the old man to force the fish to comply. Her unchecked greed transforms her into a wicked, heartless person.

Question 4: (Page 96 - Literature 6 textbook) How does the story end? What is the significance of this ending?

Answer:
The story ends when the old man returns home to find his wife and a broken trough. This circular ending reflects the fairytale’s unique style, where the characters return to their starting point. For the old man, returning to a simple life is a form of reward, while for the wife, losing everything she had is a fitting punishment for her greed and betrayal.

Question 5: (Page 96 - Literature 6 textbook) Did the golden fish punish the wife for her greed or betrayal, or both? What is the symbolic meaning of the golden fish?

Answer:
The golden fish punishes the wife for both her greed and betrayal. Her insatiable greed blinds her and makes her cruel, while her betrayal of the old man and the golden fish leads to her ultimate downfall. The golden fish symbolizes the justice of the people, showing that those who are greedy and cruel will eventually face appropriate retribution.

I - BASIC KNOWLEDGE TO MASTER

1. The Old Fisherman and the Golden Fish is a 250-line poem written by A. Pushkin, a renowned Russian poet, based on a Russian and German folk tale.

2. Through the art of creating repeated and progressive story situations, the contrast between the characters' natures, and the active involvement of fantasy elements, the story praises gratitude for kind-hearted people while also delivering valuable lessons for the greedy and treacherous.

II - READING GUIDANCE - UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

Question 1. In the story, the old fisherman goes to the sea to call the golden fish five times:

- First time: The old man goes to the sea.

- Second time: The old man goes to the sea again.

- Third time: The old man goes out again.

- Fourth time: The old man reluctantly goes to the sea.

- Fifth time: The old man heads to the sea again.

The repeated recounting of the old man’s trips to the sea is an intentional technique of the fairy tale. Its purpose is:

- To evoke engaging situations for the listeners and readers.

- Each repetition introduces new details (the wife’s growing greed, the changing sea, the old man’s varying moods). The use of repetition and escalation emphasizes the characters' traits and the main themes more strongly with each instance.

Question 2. Each time the old man goes to the sea, the scene changes:

- First time: The sea is calm.

- Second time: The sea turns blue with waves.

- Third time: The sea is stormy.

- Fourth time: The sea is chaotic with wild waves.

- Fifth time: A terrible storm arises, and the sea is roaring.

By comparing these moments, we see how the sea’s reactions correspond to the increasingly unreasonable demands of the old man’s wife. The sea represents nature’s force, but also reflects the public's reaction to the moral decay of individuals...

Question 3. The story shows how the wife’s greed and betrayal progressively intensify:

- First time: The wife demands a new pig trough.

- Second time: The wife demands a larger house.

- Third time: The wife demands to be the highest-ranking lady.

- Fourth time: The wife wants to become a queen.

- Fifth time: The wife wants to be the Dragon King.

The wife’s insatiable greed drives the plot forward. Though she did nothing to earn the golden fish’s gifts, she demands more and more: material possessions (first and second requests), wealth and power (third request), both material goods, wealth, and power (fourth request), and a limitless position of authority that doesn’t even exist (fifth request). Her greed is absurd and boundless.

Along with her excessive greed, the wife’s betrayal of her husband increases dramatically: from calling him “fool” (when she wanted the pig trough) to “stupid fool” (when she wanted the house), then to openly mocking him, saying “How stupid you are!” (when demanding to be a lady), and then verbally attacking him, shouting “You dare argue with a lady of high rank?” (when wanting to be a queen). Finally, she grows furious, commanding that the old man be brought to her (when demanding to be the Dragon King).

These details show how the wife’s greed escalates, while her relationship with her husband deteriorates until it is completely gone.

In another light, for the wife, the old fisherman is not just a husband, but also a benefactor: he gave her the golden fish’s rewards, which she never even dreamed of, yet she treats him horribly. But when her greed knows no limits, her betrayal reaches its peak: she sees her benefactor as an obstacle to be removed, so the golden fish can serve her directly.

Question 4. The story ends with the image of “the old man seeing the same dilapidated hut as before, and his wife sitting in front of the broken pig trough.” This image carries many meanings:

- For the old fisherman: life returns to the peaceful state it once had.

- For the wife: she once lived in poverty but experienced wealth, now she returns to poverty. Her return to her old life symbolizes punishment, the price she pays for her betrayal and unreasonable desires.

Question 5. The golden fish punishes the wife for two crimes: greed and betrayal.

Her greed blinded her, taking away her conscience. However, it is her betrayal that plays a decisive role in making her greed limitless and leading to the golden fish’s rightful punishment.

The symbolic meaning of the golden fish also represents the story's central theme:

- The golden fish symbolizes gratitude for kind hearts.

- The golden fish represents the people’s dream of justice, punishing those who are ungrateful, greedy, and excessively selfish.

III - EXERCISE GUIDANCE

Question 1. Some suggest the story should be named “The Fisherman's Wife and the Golden Fish.” This title works because:

- The wife is the central character of the story. The plot unfolds through her increasing greed.

- The main theme of the story is criticizing the wife’s greed.

Alternatively, the original title, “The Old Fisherman and the Golden Fish,” can be kept because it emphasizes the goodness and kindness of people. Additionally, the golden fish represents the people’s sense of justice—a key feature of fairy tales.

Question 2. To narrate this story effectively, after summarizing the scene where the old fisherman meets the golden fish, emphasize the five trips the fisherman makes to the sea. The tone of the narration should match the sea’s changing conditions, while the dialogue should reflect the increasing greed, limitless desires, and betrayal of the wife.

I. Genre

The story "The Old Fisherman and the Golden Fish" belongs to the folk tale genre. This genre is characterized by:

Reflecting the daily lives of ordinary people
Characters often include misfortunate figures (orphans, stepchildren, youngest siblings, unattractive characters, etc.), foolish figures, clever individuals, those with extraordinary talents, or even animals…
It often contains magical or supernatural elements, representing a balance of justice, showcasing the people's belief in and dreams of good triumphing over evil, and the victory of good over bad.

II. Summary

The story tells of an old fisherman who, during his fishing trips, first pulls up mud, then seaweed, and finally catches a golden fish. The fish pleads for its freedom and promises to repay the old man.

The old man's wife, upon hearing of this, scolds him and forces him to return five times to demand that the fish grant her greedy wishes:

First, she asks for a new pig trough.
Second, she demands a larger house.
Third, she insists on becoming a high-ranking noblewoman.
Fourth, she wants to become a queen.
Fifth, she wishes to become the Dragon King and have the fish serve her.
The golden fish, angered, takes back all that it had given, and the old man returns to his dilapidated hut, finding his wife sitting with a broken trough.

III. Structure

The text can be divided into three sections:

Section 1: From the start to "pull the string" - introduces the characters and sets up the story's situation.
Section 2: From "the wife's demands" - the repayment by the golden fish and the wife's increasing greed.
Section 3: The final part - the golden fish's punishment for the greedy wife.

IV. Lesson Plan

Question 1:

The text features five encounters between the old man and the golden fish. This repetition is a deliberate technique in folk tales. Each time, the old man has a different emotional state, ranging from confused and embarrassed to fearful. The fish's attitude and the sea's response also change, intensifying with the wife’s increasing demands. This narrative structure keeps the reader engaged, gradually emphasizing the wife's personality traits.

Question 2:

Each time the old man meets the fish, the sea's behavior changes in response to the wife’s demands:

First, the wife asks for a new trough, and the sea is calm.
Second, she demands a large house, and the sea becomes slightly turbulent.
Third, she requests to become a noblewoman, and the sea grows more agitated.
Fourth, she wants to be a queen, and the sea becomes stormy.
Fifth, she desires to become the Dragon King, and a violent storm erupts, with huge waves.

The changing sea reflects the escalating nature of the wife’s greed. Although the sea isn't directly involved in the plot, it powerfully symbolizes the author’s (and the people's) stance on the destructive nature of insatiable greed.

Question 3:

* In my opinion, the wife’s greed and betrayal are boundless and unreasonable.

* Her betrayal of the old man intensifies with each of her demands:

First, she calls him a fool.
Second, she scolds him more harshly.
Third, she humiliates him, ordering him to clean the stables.
Fourth, she angrily slaps him, intending to force him to the sea. After becoming a queen, she casts him aside and allows others to mock him.
Finally, she commands the old man to come again and issues her orders.
* The wife wishes to use the golden fish, which had granted her all her desires, for further selfish gains. It’s clear that she betrays both the old man and the golden fish, the latter of whom had acted in gratitude for the old man.

Question 4:

The story concludes with the old couple returning to their former life, with the broken trough still in their possession.

This ending is inevitable, yet it leaves readers with much to ponder. For the old man, returning to his previous life is undoubtedly better. As for the wife, who had demanded more than she deserved without any effort or kindness toward the fish, losing everything serves as a fair punishment for her boundless greed and betrayal. It reflects the people's yearning for justice and a reminder to be content with what one has, to live kindly, and not to give in to greed or betrayal.

Question 5:

The golden fish punishes the wife for both her greed and betrayal. Her blind desire has erased all sense of morality. However, it’s the betrayal that fuels her insatiable greed and leads to her eventual just punishment.

The golden fish symbolizes the justice of the people, representing the attitude toward those who are kind and innocent versus those who are cruel and greedy.

I. About the author A. Pushkin
- A. Pushkin is a renowned Russian national poet, one of the first to write prose and make significant contributions to Russian literature. He is known as the 'sun of Russian poetry' with a remarkable collection of poems and stories.

II. About the work: The Fisherman and the Golden Fish

1. Origin- The story is told in 205 verses, based on Russian and German folk tales. It retains the simple and rustic nature of folk art while showcasing Pushkin's creativity.
2. Summary- The story is about a poor fisherman and his wife. One day, the fisherman catches a golden fish, which begs for freedom in exchange for a reward. The fisherman, not asking for anything, releases the fish. Upon returning home, his wife insists on asking for a reward. She first asks for a pig's trough, then a larger house, and finally the title of a noblewoman. Each time her demands grow more unreasonable, leading the fish to take everything back, and the couple returns to their modest hut.
3. Structure (3 parts)- Part 1 (from the beginning to 'the wife is spinning thread'): Introduction of characters- Part 2 (from that point until 'following the wife's wishes'): The fish's gratitude and the wife's growing greed- Part 3 (the rest): The fish's punishment.
4. Content Value- The story praises gratitude and warns against greed and betrayal.
5. Artistic Value- The story's progressive repetition of events- The contrast between characters- Use of magical realism.

Question 1 (Page 96, Grade 6 Textbook)

The fisherman encounters the golden fish five times:

+ First time: The fisherman goes to the sea.

+ Second time: The fisherman goes to the sea again.

+ Third time: The fisherman trudges to the sea.

+ Fourth time: The fisherman reluctantly goes to the sea.

+ Fifth time: The fisherman goes to the sea once more.

- The repetition emphasizes the narrative's magical tone, drawing the reader's attention and signaling the growing greed of the wife, as well as the changes in the sea and the fisherman's emotions.

Question 2 (Page 96, Grade 6 Textbook)

The changing sea scenes during each of the fisherman's visits to the golden fish:

+ First time: The sea is calm.

+ Second time: The sea is agitated.

+ Third time: The sea grows even rougher.

+ Fourth time: A stormy sea with thick waves.

+ Fifth time: A furious storm with roaring waves.

- This progression mirrors the wife's increasing demands, highlighting the growing absurdity of her wishes and the sea's reaction to them.

Question 3 (Page 96, Grade 6 Textbook)

The wife's growing greed and betrayal are evident:

+ First demand: A trough for the pigs.

+ Second demand: A bigger house.

+ Third demand: To be made a noblewoman.

+ Fourth demand: To become a queen.

+ Fifth demand: To become the Sea King.

- The wife's unchecked greed and betrayal reflect the story's themes, as she increasingly demands more from the golden fish, despite doing nothing to earn it.

Question 4 (Page 96, Grade 6 Textbook)

The story ends with the image of the fisherman returning to find his hut in ruins, with his wife sitting before a broken trough. This symbolizes the return to a simple, peaceful life for the fisherman, and serves as a punishment for the wife, whose greed and betrayal have led to her downfall.

Question 5 (Page 96, Grade 6 Textbook)

The golden fish punishes the wife for both greed and betrayal, showing that her unbounded desires and lack of gratitude result in her ultimate punishment. The fish embodies justice, rewarding kindness and punishing selfishness.

Practice

Exercise 1 (Page 97, Grade 6 Textbook) The title 'The Wife of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish' is not suitable because:
- It is too long for a title.
- The fisherman, not his wife, plays a central role in the story, as the interactions focus on him and the golden fish.

Answer to Question 1 (page 96, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

In the story of The Fisherman and His Wife, how many times does the fisherman go to the sea to call the golden fish? Repeating these moments of the fisherman going to the sea to call the fish is a deliberate literary technique in folk tales. What is the effect of this technique?

Detailed solution:

- In the story of The Fisherman and His Wife, the fisherman goes to the sea to call the golden fish five times.

+ First time: The fisherman goes to the sea.

+ Second time: The fisherman again goes to the sea.

+ Third time: The fisherman goes to the sea with haste.

+ Fourth time: The fisherman sadly goes to the sea.

+ Fifth time: The fisherman once more goes to the sea.

- Repeating these actions is a deliberate repetition technique used in the folk tale. This technique has several effects:

+ It creates suspense and tension for the audience.

+ The repetition here is not exact but incorporates gradual changes (the sea's condition changes, the wife’s greed increases). Therefore, each repetition introduces new details. This is a progressive repetition.

+ Through these repeated actions, the characters' traits (the fisherman, the wife, and the golden fish) and the story’s theme are progressively emphasized.

Answer to Question 2 (page 96, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

How does the scene at the sea change each time the fisherman calls the golden fish?

Detailed solution:

In the story, each time the fisherman goes to the sea to call the golden fish, the scene at the sea changes as follows:

- First time: The sea is calm and smooth.

- Second time: The sea turns green and begins to rise in waves.

- Third time: The sea is tumultuous with fierce waves.

- Fourth time: The sea is shrouded in a foggy storm.

- Fifth time: A terrifying thunderstorm erupts, and the sea roars violently.

⟹ The progressive listing of these changes illustrates how the sea reacts to the wife’s increasingly unreasonable and excessive demands.

Answer to Question 3 (page 96, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

What are your thoughts on the wife’s greed and betrayal? How did her betrayal towards her husband escalate? When did her betrayal reach its peak?

Detailed solution:

* The wife’s boundless greed and betrayal increase progressively:

- First time: She demands a new pigsty ⟹ a material demand.

- Second time: She demands a large house ⟹ an increased material demand.

- Third time: She wants to become the highest-ranking lady ⟹ a demand for wealth and fame.

- Fourth time: She wants to become the queen ⟹ a demand for wealth, fame, and power.

- Fifth time: She wants to become the Dragon King, commanding the golden fish to serve her ⟹ a demand for an impossible position of limitless power.

The wife’s greed continues to escalate without any limits. She wants everything: wealth, fame, and limitless power.

* As for her betrayal towards her husband, her attitude becomes more contemptuous:

- She insults him, calling him a fool (asking for a new pigsty).

- She scolds him louder: “You fool!” (demanding a larger house).

- She reprimands him sharply: “You are such a fool!” (demanding to become the highest-ranking lady).

- She angrily lashes out at him: “How dare you argue with me!” (demanding to become the queen).

- She flies into a rage, ordering someone to bring her husband to her (demanding to become the Dragon King).

=> These details show that as her greed increases, the affection between husband and wife diminishes until it disappears completely. The betrayal reaches its peak here, where neither humans nor gods can tolerate it.

Answer to Question 4 (page 96, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

How does the story end? What is the significance of this ending?

Detailed solution:

- At the end of the story, the fisherman and his wife return to their original life.

- Significance: For the fisherman, this ending means he loses nothing, just having gone through a nightmare. For the wife, it’s a well-deserved punishment. The story illustrates the moral principle of “evil being repaid with evil” in human nature.

Answer to Question 5 (page 96, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

Does the golden fish punish the wife for greed or betrayal? What is the symbolic meaning of the golden fish?

Detailed solution:

* The golden fish punishes the wife for both sins. Both are severe, but perhaps betrayal is the greater offense.

* Symbolic meaning of the golden fish:

- The golden fish symbolizes gratitude, the golden heart of the people towards those who have helped them in times of trouble. The golden fish represents kindness and goodness.

- The golden fish also symbolizes another truth of the people: to justly punish those who are greedy and treacherous.

Practice Exercise:

Some believe the story should be called “The Wife of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish.” What do you think?

Detailed solution:

It should not be named that way because:

- In terms of form: The title is too long.

- The fisherman’s wife is the main character, and the story progresses through her unreasonable demands. However, the main dialogue in the story is between the fisherman and the golden fish.

- The story emphasizes the kindness and goodness of people.

Summary:

A poor fisherman goes to the sea. The first time, he catches only mud, the second time he catches seaweed, and the third time he catches the golden fish. The fish pleads for mercy, promises to repay the fisherman, who lets it go.

The wife hears about it, scolds her husband, and sends him to the sea five times to ask the fish for what she desires:

First, she asks for a new pigsty.

Second, she demands a large house.

Third, she insults him, demanding to become the highest-ranking lady.

Fourth, she demands to be made queen.

Fifth, she wants to be the Dragon King, ordering the golden fish to serve her.

The golden fish becomes angry, takes back everything it gave, and the fisherman returns to find his house as it was before, with his wife sitting in front of the broken pigsty.

Structure:

Structure: 3 parts

- Part 1 (From the beginning to “pulling the rope”): Introduces the characters and the story's situation.

- Part 2 (Next part to “the wife’s demands”): The golden fish repays and the wife’s greed.

- Part 3 (Remaining): The golden fish’s punishment.

Main Content:

The story praises gratitude towards kind-hearted people. It criticizes and offers a valuable lesson on the weaknesses of greed and betrayal.