Top 6 Bài soạn "Sự việc và nhân vật trong văn tự sự" lớp 6 hay nhất

A. MAIN KNOWLEDGE

Events and characters are two key elements in narrative writing. These elements interact with one another and with other aspects of the narrative, such as the theme, time, and setting. Events in a narrative are described specifically: they happen in a particular time and place, are performed by specific characters, and have causes, developments, and outcomes. The sequence of events is organized in such a way that it expresses the author's intended message. The characters in a narrative are those who perform the events and are depicted in the text. The main character plays a crucial role in expressing the text's ideas, while secondary characters assist the main character. Characters are presented through their names, backgrounds, personalities, and appearances.

B. EXERCISES AND SOLUTIONS

Exercise 1 (Page 38 of the Textbook) Identify the actions of the characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh:

- King Hùng: - Mị Nương: - Thủy Tinh:

a. The role and significance of the characters. b. Summarize the story by the events related to the main character. c. Why are the characters called Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh? Would other names like King Hùng's choice of a son-in-law or The Story of King Hùng, Sơn Tinh, and Thủy Tinh work instead?

Answer:

a. The role and significance of the characters.
King Hùng: seeks a son-in-law, tests abilities, sets a challenge for marriage.
Mị Nương: does not take any action.
Sơn Tinh: arrives first with the wedding gifts, marries Mị Nương, uses magical powers to raise hills, shift mountains, and create barriers to stop the floods from Thủy Tinh.
Thủy Tinh: arrives later, chases Mị Nương, summons storms, floods, and battles Sơn Tinh every year to take revenge.
==> Role: Determines the main direction of the story.
Expresses the narrator's attitude.
Explains the flood phenomenon.
The other characters serve as the backdrop to the conflict between Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.
==> Significance: Sơn Tinh represents the desire of ancient Vietnamese people to control natural disasters by defeating Thủy Tinh.

b. The main events of the story, which express the theme of the narrative, are tied to the main characters. Here's a brief summary:
The eighteenth King Hùng had a beautiful and gentle daughter, Mị Nương. The king wanted to find her a worthy husband. Two gods came to ask for her hand in marriage, both equally capable. One was Sơn Tinh, the lord of the mountains, and the other was Thủy Tinh, the lord of the seas. To decide who would marry his daughter, King Hùng set a challenge: 'The first to bring a hundred sticky rice cakes, a hundred square cakes, a nine-tusked elephant, a nine-cocked rooster, and a nine-maned horse will win my daughter's hand.'
The next day, Sơn Tinh arrived first and married Mị Nương. Thủy Tinh came too late, furious, and pursued them to steal Mị Nương. He called upon storms and raised the floodwaters, submerging Phong Châu. Sơn Tinh remained calm, using his magic to shift mountains, block the floods, and build barriers. After a fierce battle, Thủy Tinh was defeated, but he continued to retaliate with storms every year, always returning unsuccessful.

c. The title is also an essential part, as it reflects the core theme of the story. A good title is succinct, accurate, and encapsulates the essence of the work. The title 'Vua Hùng kén rể' does not fully convey the story's theme. A title like 'The Story of King Hùng, Mị Nương, Sơn Tinh, and Thủy Tinh' is too long and does not highlight the conflict between the main and secondary characters. A title like 'The Battle of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh' would focus too much on just one character. Thus, the title 'Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh' is the most fitting, as it directly reflects the story's central conflict and message.

Exercise 2 (Page 38 of the Textbook)
Given the title of the story: 'Once Upon a Time, Disobedient.' Imagine a story based on this title. What events would you describe, what would be the progression, and who would the characters be?

Answer:
In this story, I would describe the following sequence:
Event Name
Who did it?
Where did it take place?
When did it happen?
Why did it happen?
What happened next?
What was the outcome?

Sample Story:
In my life, this is a memory I will never forget. One day, my parents took me to the park, and I was thrilled. Every time we went, I had so much fun playing with friends and enjoying various games in the spacious park. Before every trip, my parents always reminded me, 'Don't wander too far, especially don't run away from us.' I eagerly agreed. But once I slipped away from my parents' hands, I ran off to play. I got so caught up in the games that I lost track of them. Soon, I realized I couldn't find them anywhere. Sitting by a tree, I started crying.

When my parents realized I was missing, they anxiously searched for me. After a while, they went to the security office and asked for help, describing me as 'Nguyễn Gia Khánh, son of Ngọc and Mai.' Hearing the announcement over the loudspeaker, I burst into tears, and a kind person who was walking nearby heard my cries, understood the situation, and helped bring me back to my parents.

Afterward, my parents scolded me for causing them so much worry. I felt truly sorry and promised never to disobey them again.

I. Characteristics of Events and Characters in Narrative Writing

1. Events in Narrative Writing

Example 1:

a. The beginning, development, climax, and outcome of the story 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh':

Event begins: The Hung King seeks a husband for his daughter
Event develops:
Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh both come to propose
The Hung King sets a condition to choose the suitor.
Son Tinh arrives first and marries Mi Nuong
Thuy Tinh arrives second, enraged, and challenges Son Tinh.
Climax: The two fight for months, eventually Thuy Tinh loses and retreats
Outcome: Every year, Thuy Tinh causes storms and floods to challenge Son Tinh, but always fails.

b. Six elements in the story 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh' are:

The event is caused by: Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh
The event takes place during the reign of the eighteenth Hung King
The event occurs when the Hung King is seeking a suitor for his daughter
Development: Son Tinh arrives first, marries Mi Nuong, Thuy Tinh arrives second, furious, floods to fight Son Tinh but is defeated
Outcome: Every year, Thuy Tinh causes floods to challenge Son Tinh, but always fails
Cause: Both suitors proposed, but the king only had one daughter
In my opinion, we cannot omit the elements of time and location in this story, as they are crucial in making the narrative clear and specific. Without them, the story would become unclear.
The introduction of Son Tinh's abilities is to highlight his skills and triumph over Thuy Tinh.
Without the detail of the Hung King setting the condition for the suitor, it would not demonstrate the 'favoritism' of the king towards Son Tinh. All the gifts requested by the king were more easily fulfilled by Son Tinh than Thuy Tinh.
Thuy Tinh’s anger is quite justified due to jealousy, pride, and frustration after losing.

2. Characters in Narrative Writing

The characters in the story 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh' include: Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh, the Hung King, Mi Nuong, and Lac Hau
The main characters with significant roles in the story are Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh
Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh are mentioned most frequently
The supporting character is the Hung King. The presence of supporting characters is necessary as they enable the main characters to act.
b. Characters in narrative writing are told as follows:

STT

Character

Name

Origin

Skills

1

Son Tinh

Son Tinh

From the Tản Viên Mountains

Has many special talents

Brings offerings to propose marriage…

2

Thuy Tinh

Thuy Tinh

From the Eastern Sea region

Has many special talents

Brings offerings to propose marriage…

3

Hung King

Hung King

18th reign

Seeks a son-in-law…

4

Mi Nuong

Mi Nuong

Daughter of the Hung King

5

Lac Hau

Lac Hau

Remember:

Events in narrative writing are presented in detail: the event takes place in a specific time and place, carried out by specific characters, with causes, developments, and outcomes... Events are arranged in a sequence to reflect the message the storyteller intends to convey,
Characters in narrative writing are those who perform the events and are portrayed in the text. The main characters play a key role in conveying the message of the text. Supporting characters only help the main characters take action. Characters are depicted through names, backgrounds, personalities, and appearances…

Practice

Question 1: Identify the actions of the characters in ...

Identify what the characters in the story 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh' did:

Hung King:

Mi Nuong:

Thuy Tinh:

a. Role and significance of the characters.

b. Summarize the story according to the events associated with the main character.

c. Why is the story called Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh? Would it be appropriate to change the title to any of these?

The Hung King seeks a son-in-law

Story of the Hung King, Son Tinh, and Thuy Tinh

The victory song of Son Tinh

Answer:

a. Role and significance of the characters.

Hung King: seeks a son-in-law, tests abilities, sets conditions for marriage
Mi Nuong: not applicable
Son Tinh: brings full offerings first, marries Mi Nuong, creates mounds of earth to stop the floodwaters, uses magic to lift mountains and form barriers to fight Thuy Tinh.
Thuy Tinh: brings offerings late, sends armies to steal Mi Nuong, summons storms and floods to challenge Son Tinh, and every year causes floods to seek revenge.
=> Role:

Determines the central part of the story.
Expresses the narrator’s attitude.
Explains the phenomenon of floods.
The other characters only serve to create the cause of the conflict between Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh.
=> Significance: Son Tinh's character, through his actions, represents the desire of ancient Vietnamese people to overcome natural disasters by defeating Thuy Tinh.

b. Summary of the story 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh':

Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh are two lords, one from the mountains and one from the sea, both with special talents. Upon hearing that the Hung King was seeking a suitor for his daughter, both men arrive to propose and demonstrate their abilities. Unable to decide who to choose, the king sets a condition for the suitors. The next day, whoever arrives first with the marriage offerings will win Mi Nuong’s hand.

The next morning, Son Tinh arrives first and marries Mi Nuong. Thuy Tinh, arriving second, is unable to marry her and floods the land to fight Son Tinh. Son Tinh uses his magical powers to raise mounds and block the floods. Thuy Tinh loses, swears revenge, and every year floods the land but always fails.

c. The author named the story 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh' because these are the main characters of the story. Additionally, folk tales often take the names of the main characters.

If the title was changed to:

The Hung King Seeks a Son-in-Law: This wouldn't work because the story’s theme wouldn't be conveyed.
The Story of the Hung King, Mi Nuong, Son Tinh, and Thuy Tinh: This would not work because it’s too long and blurs the distinction between main and supporting characters.
The Song of Victory of Son Tinh: This could work as the story celebrates Son Tinh’s triumph and the people's fight against annual floods caused by Thuy Tinh.
=> The title 'Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh' is the most fitting for the story.

Question 2: For the story titled: 'Once, I Didn’t Obey'...

For the story titled: 'Once, I Didn’t Obey', imagine a story with that title. What events would you narrate? How would the story unfold? Who would your characters be?

Answer:

Main character: Me
Supporting characters: My mother, my teacher, my classmate…
Key events:
1. Mother gives me money for school fees

2. I meet a friend who invites me to play video games

3. The teacher calls to inform my mother that I haven’t paid the school fees, and I’m at risk of being expelled

4. My mother asks me about it, and I can’t explain convincingly, making her sad.

5. I regret my actions and feel guilty.

I. CHARACTERISTICS OF EVENTS AND CHARACTERS IN NARRATIVE TEXTS

Question 1: a) Examine the events in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.

(1) King Hùng selects a son-in-law.

(2) Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh come to ask for the princess's hand.

(3) King Hùng sets conditions for choosing a suitor.

(4) Sơn Tinh arrives first and wins the princess's hand.

(5) Thủy Tinh arrives later, angry, and floods the land to challenge Sơn Tinh.

(6) The two battle for months, and finally, Thủy Tinh loses and retreats.

(7) Every year, Thủy Tinh floods the land to challenge Sơn Tinh but always loses.

- King Hùng choosing a son-in-law marks the beginning of the story.

- Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh both coming to ask for the princess's hand; King Hùng setting the conditions; Sơn Tinh arriving first and winning the princess's hand are the developing events.

- Thủy Tinh arriving later, angry, flooding the land to challenge Sơn Tinh is the climax.

- The long battle, with Thủy Tinh eventually losing and retreating; every year Thủy Tinh floods the land and loses again is the conclusion.

• The events are tightly connected: King Hùng's choice of a son-in-law leads to the two suitors coming to ask for the princess's hand. This leads to the king setting conditions. Sơn Tinh arrives first, winning the princess's hand, leading Thủy Tinh to anger and flood the land. Their battle causes Thủy Tinh's defeat.

b) The six elements of narrative texts in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.

- Who is involved: Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh are the main characters.

- Where it takes place: The events occur in Northern Vietnam.

- When it happens: The events take place during the reign of the 18th Hùng King.

- The cause: The reason for the events is the king's search for a son-in-law and Sơn Tinh winning the princess's hand.

- The sequence of events: The king selects a suitor; Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh both come to ask for the princess's hand; the king sets conditions; Sơn Tinh arrives first and wins the princess; Thủy Tinh becomes angry and floods the land; they battle.

- The outcome: Thủy Tinh ultimately loses.

• Time and place cannot be omitted as it would make the story vague and lack its historical context.

• Introducing Sơn Tinh's talents is essential, as it allows him to defeat Thủy Tinh.

• The king's conditions cannot be removed as they are a key element in ensuring Sơn Tinh's success.

• Thủy Tinh's anger is illogical because the king set the conditions, and Sơn Tinh met them, while Thủy Tinh did not.

c) The story shows the storyteller's favor toward Sơn Tinh and King Hùng: King Hùng was fair in setting the conditions for choosing a son-in-law.

Sơn Tinh displayed superior talents compared to Thủy Tinh, overcoming the latter's abilities. The gifts required for the wedding: "nine tusks of an elephant, nine cocks' combs, nine horses' manes" and "sticky rice and bánh chưng" were all items easily found in the mountains, making Sơn Tinh's task easier. The storyteller expressed joy at Sơn Tinh's victory.

- Sơn Tinh's repeated victories over Thủy Tinh highlight his strength.

- Thủy Tinh must not win, as it would bring floods, death, destruction, and famine.

- The annual flooding by Thủy Tinh is a realistic event, as the rivers flood every year, threatening the people’s safety and property.

Question 2. Characters in narrative texts:

a) Characters in narrative texts are those who perform the events and are also depicted in the narrative.

- The characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh include Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh, King Hùng the 18th, Princess Mị Nương, and the Lạc Hầu.

- The main characters are Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.

- Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh are mentioned frequently in the story.

- The supporting characters are King Hùng, Mị Nương, and the Lạc Hầu.

However, these characters are still necessary and cannot be omitted.

b) The characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh are introduced as follows:

- Named characters: King Hùng the 18th, Mị Nương, Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh.

- Their backgrounds, personalities, and talents: King Hùng was the 18th king of the Hùng dynasty.

Mị Nương, the king’s daughter, was beautiful and gentle.

Sơn Tinh was from the Tản Viên mountains, possessing the magical ability to move mountains.

Thủy Tinh was from the coastal region and had the power to summon the wind and rain.

- Their actions, thoughts, and words: King Hùng sets conditions for selecting a son-in-law, which are stated in his speech.

Sơn Tinh performs magic and arrives first to win Mị Nương’s hand.

Thủy Tinh also displays his magical abilities but arrives late, becoming angry and starting a battle with Sơn Tinh. The two fight fiercely, but Thủy Tinh is defeated and retreats. Despite this, every year Thủy Tinh returns to fight again but always loses.

- The story does not describe the physical appearances of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh in detail, focusing instead on their actions.

Note:

- Events in narrative texts are presented in a clear, specific sequence involving time, space, and characters. Each event has a cause, development, and outcome.

- Characters in narrative texts perform the events and are represented in the text. The main character plays a central role in conveying the story’s message, while secondary characters assist the main character’s actions. Characters are portrayed through their names, backgrounds, personalities, actions, etc.

II. EXERCISES

Question 1. Identify the actions of the characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh:

- King Hùng wants to select a son-in-law and chooses Sơn Tinh to marry Mị Nương.

- Mị Nương, the king’s daughter, gets married.

- Sơn Tinh demonstrates his magical abilities and arrives first with gifts, winning Mị Nương’s hand. Sơn Tinh moves mountains and defends against Thủy Tinh’s attacks, emerging victorious.

- Thủy Tinh also performs magic but arrives late, becoming angry and flooding the land to attack Sơn Tinh. Despite battling fiercely, Thủy Tinh cannot defeat Sơn Tinh and retreats. However, every year Thủy Tinh continues to wage war but is always defeated.

a) Reflect on the significance and roles of the characters:

- King Hùng and Mị Nương play secondary roles in the story and do not carry prominent meanings. However, King Hùng’s choice of a son-in-law is the key cause of the battle between the two deities.

- Thủy Tinh and Sơn Tinh play the main roles. Thủy Tinh symbolizes the destructive power of annual floods, threatening the lives of the people. Sơn Tinh represents the strength and determination of the people, fighting to prevent natural disasters and protect their livelihoods.

b) Summarize the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh from the perspective of the main characters’ actions:

The two deities come to ask for Mị Nương’s hand in marriage.

Sơn Tinh shows his magical ability to move mountains.

Thủy Tinh also demonstrates his ability to summon the wind and rain.

Sơn Tinh arrives first with gifts and marries Mị Nương. Thủy Tinh arrives late, grows angry, floods the land, and challenges Sơn Tinh. Sơn Tinh uses his magic to protect against the flood. Thủy Tinh loses and retreats, but continues to attack every year without success.

c) The title of the story, Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh, emphasizes the main characters and key events.

If the story were titled "The Tale of King Hùng Choosing a Son-in-Law," it would not fully capture the essence of the story.

If the title were "The Tale of King Hùng, Mị Nương, Sơn Tinh, and Thủy Tinh," it would be too long and obscure the focus on the two main characters.

If the title were "The Song of Sơn Tinh's Victory," it would overshadow the importance of Thủy Tinh.

Question 2. Imagine a story based on the title "Once, I Did Not Listen." Below is a reference story:

Introduction: Nam is a sixth-grade student. Knowing that Nam is very mischievous, his mother warned him before she went to the market: "Stay at home and don't get into trouble, especially don't climb trees as it’s dangerous! Do you remember?" Nam answered, "Yes, Mom, I remember!" However, as soon as his mother left, Nam forgot the warning and ran to the garden to play. He wandered around the garden and suddenly noticed a ripe mango hanging from a branch high above. He decided to climb the tree to pick it. The mango was delicious, and he was eager to eat it. Nam began climbing the mango tree.

Body: Nam gripped the tree trunk with his hands and wrapped his feet around the base. He inched upwards until he reached a large branch and stood on it. Reaching out, he tried to grab the mango, but it was too high. Nam had to climb higher and stretch to reach the mango dangling at the end of the branch. As soon as his hand touched the mango, the branch he was standing on cracked and broke under his weight. Nam fell and hit the ground hard, losing consciousness. When he regained consciousness, his leg was in excruciating pain. He dragged himself back into the house and climbed into bed. When Nam’s mother returned, she immediately took him to the hospital. After an X-ray, the doctor said, "The left thigh bone is fractured, and it will heal after a period of rest."

Conclusion: Two months later, the cast was removed. The doctor examined the X-ray and said, "The fracture has healed, but it’s still weak, so be careful when walking." After the fracture, Nam deeply regretted his actions. By ignoring his mother's advice, he had caused himself pain and worry for his mother. Nam promised that he would always listen to his parents' advice from now on.

Question 1 (Page 37, Vietnamese Literature Textbook, Grade 6, Volume 1): Events in narrative texts

a.

- Initial event: (1)

- Developmental events: (2, 3, 4, 5)

- Climax event: (6)

- Conclusion event: (7)

These events follow a chronological sequence, with causes leading to results.

b. - Elements in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh:

+ Who: Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh.

+ Where: Phong Châu, Tản Viên Mountain, coastal region.

+ When: During King Hùng's reign (18th dynasty).

+ Reason: The two men competing for the king's daughter's hand in marriage.

+ Development: Sơn Tinh arrives first and wins the bride, Thủy Tinh arrives late, angry, and floods Sơn Tinh's land.

+ Result: Sơn Tinh wins, and every year Thủy Tinh floods Sơn Tinh's land, but always fails.

- Time, place, Sơn Tinh's skills, and the king's marriage conditions cannot be omitted. Removing any of these elements would make the story incomplete and unclear.

- Thủy Tinh's anger is understandable. He could not win Mị Nương's heart and was at a disadvantage because the dowry items the king demanded were easy to find on land, which favored Sơn Tinh (likely, the king already favored Sơn Tinh).

c. - The events reflect the narrator's positive bias towards Sơn Tinh and King Hùng: Sơn Tinh's special talents are mentioned first; he wins the bride and overcomes Thủy Tinh; King Hùng consults the Lạc Hầu instead of solely deciding on the marriage terms.

- Sơn Tinh's repeated victories over Thủy Tinh symbolize humanity's triumph over natural disasters.

- Thủy Tinh cannot win, as that would remove the moral of the story.

- The event 'Every year Thủy Tinh floods Sơn Tinh's land...' cannot be removed as it explains the origin of floods.

Question 2 (Page 38, Vietnamese Literature Textbook, Grade 6, Volume 1): Characters in narrative texts

a. - The main and most frequently mentioned characters are Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.

- King Hùng, Mị Nương, and the Lạc Hầu are supporting characters, but their roles are essential and cannot be omitted.

b. The characters in the Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh story are described as follows:

• King Hùng: 18th dynasty - seeks a son-in-law and consults the Lạc Hầu
• Sơn Tinh: from Tản Viên Mountain - summons rain, brings gifts to win Mị Nương's hand, and prevents floods
• Thủy Tinh: from the sea - calls for rain and storms, competes for Mị Nương, floods the land
• Mị Nương: the daughter of King Hùng - beautiful and virtuous, marries Sơn Tinh
• Lạc Hầu: offers counsel

Exercise
Question 1 (Page 38, Vietnamese Literature Textbook, Grade 6, Volume 1):
a. The roles of the characters: Refer to section I.2.b above.
The role and significance of each character:
- Determine the key plot points and themes of the story.
- Reflect the narrator's attitude.

b. Summarize the story from the perspective of the main characters:

Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh both go to propose to Princess Mị Nương when King Hùng is choosing a son-in-law. King Hùng, unable to reject either, sets a challenge: whoever brings gifts first will marry Mị Nương. Sơn Tinh arrives first, takes Mị Nương home, and Thủy Tinh, arriving late, floods the land in anger but is defeated. Every year thereafter, Thủy Tinh floods Sơn Tinh's land, but always loses.

c. If the story's title were changed to:

- 'King Hùng Chooses a Son-in-law' or 'The Heroic Deeds of Sơn Tinh,' it would no longer focus on the core theme of the story, failing to encompass the full meaning.

- A title like 'The Story of King Hùng, Mị Nương, Sơn Tinh, and Thủy Tinh' does not clearly identify the main and supporting characters.

Question 2 (Page 39, Vietnamese Literature Textbook, Grade 6, Volume 1):

Example text:

Hưng is a 6th-grade student, well-behaved and a good learner. One day, his parents took him to the beach, and Hưng was overjoyed since it was his first time there. His parents warned him, especially not to play too far from the shore and avoid going toward the forest. If he got lost, it could be dangerous. Hưng agreed enthusiastically. However, as soon as he slipped away from his parents, he met some classmates who invited him to explore the forest in search of treasure. Caught up in the excitement, Hưng forgot his parents' warning and followed them into the forest. Soon, they got lost.

When his parents realized he was missing, they became frantic and began searching for him. By late afternoon, still no sign of Hưng. His parents called for rescue teams. They eventually met with other worried parents. By nightfall, the rescue teams found Hưng and his friends, frightened but safe in the dark forest.

Afterward, Hưng was scolded by his father for his disobedience. He deeply regretted his actions and promised never to disobey his parents again.

Part I: CHARACTERISTICS OF EVENTS AND CHARACTERS IN NARRATIVE LITERATURE

Answer to question 1 (page 37, Literature textbook for Grade 6, Volume 1):

Review the events in the story of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh:

(1) King Hung chooses a son-in-law.

(2) Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh both come to propose.

(3) King Hung sets conditions for selecting a son-in-law.

(4) Son Tinh arrives first and wins the bride.

(5) Thuy Tinh arrives late, becomes angry, and sends floods to attack Son Tinh.

(6) The two fight for months, and eventually, Thuy Tinh is defeated and retreats.

(7) Every year, Thuy Tinh sends floods to attack Son Tinh, but always fails.

a) Identify the starting event, the developing event, the climax, and the conclusion among these events, and explain their interrelations.

b) A narrative event must be detailed: who did it, where, when, the cause, the development, and the result. Identify these six elements in the story of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh. Can the elements of 'time' and 'place' be removed from this story? Why or why not? Is it necessary to introduce Son Tinh as a talented person? Would the story still make sense without the event where King Hung sets conditions for choosing a son-in-law? Does Thuy Tinh’s anger make sense? What are the reasons for it?

c) Which event reflects the narrator's favorable view towards Son Tinh and King Hung? What is the significance of Son Tinh's repeated victories over Thuy Tinh? Can we allow Thuy Tinh to win against Son Tinh? Why or why not? Can the event "Every year, Thuy Tinh sends floods..." be removed? Why?

Detailed answer:

a) Starting event: (1) King Hung chooses a son-in-law.

- Developing events: (2), (3), (4).

- Climax: (5), (6).

- Conclusion: (7)

* Cause-and-effect relationship among these events: The earlier event is the cause, and the later event is the result, which itself can cause the next event.

The events are tightly interconnected, cannot be reordered, and no event can be omitted.

b) The six essential elements of a narrative event in the story:

+ Who? (characters): King Hung, Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh.

+ Where? (location): Phong Chau, King Hung’s land.

+ When? (time): During King Hung’s reign.

+ Cause: Thuy Tinh’s persistent jealousy.

+ Development: The long, ongoing battles between the two gods.

+ Result: Thuy Tinh is defeated but refuses to accept it. The battle continues every year.

- It is not possible to remove time and place elements from this story because the plot would lose its credibility and mythological meaning.

+ It is important to introduce Son Tinh as talented, as only then could he have the power to contend with Thuy Tinh.

+ Removing the event where King Hung sets conditions for selecting a son-in-law is not feasible, as there would be no reason for the two gods to compete.

- Thuy Tinh’s anger is justified because:

+ Thuy Tinh is extremely proud and believes he is equal to Son Tinh. His anger arises from losing Mị Nương because of arriving late.

+ Thuy Tinh's deep jealousy.

c) - Events that reflect the narrator’s favorable attitude towards Son Tinh and King Hung:

+ The narration is formal and respectful when referring to King Hung and Son Tinh.

+ The conditions set for choosing a son-in-law favor Son Tinh, disadvantaging Thuy Tinh. This is King Hung's intention.

- Son Tinh’s victories over Thuy Tinh represent the triumph of human effort to overcome floods and build dikes.

- Thuy Tinh cannot win over Son Tinh, as it would symbolize human failure, and the people would drown in the floods.

- The event "Every year, Thuy Tinh sends floods..." cannot be removed because it represents a natural phenomenon that happens every year in our country—a law of nature.

Answer to question 2 (page 38, Literature textbook for Grade 6, Volume 1):

a) Read the story of Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh, and answer the following:

- Who is the main character, the most important one?

- Who is the character mentioned most frequently?

- Who are the secondary characters? Are the secondary characters necessary? Can they be omitted?

b) How are the characters in the story of Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh presented?

Detailed answer:

a) The main characters in the story of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh are Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh, who play the most crucial roles.

- The characters mentioned most often are Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh.

- The secondary characters are King Hung and Mị Nương. Though secondary, they are essential to the story, as removing them would alter the plot or lead to confusion.

b) The characters in the story of Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh are introduced by:

- Naming them: King Hung, Mị Nương, Son Tinh, Thuy Tinh.

- Introducing their origins, personalities, and talents.

- Describing their actions.

• King Hung: the 18th King—chooses a son-in-law, consults with the court.
• Son Tinh: from the Tản Viên mountain region—waves his hand to move mountains, brings gifts to propose, and controls floods.
• Thuy Tinh: from the coastal region—calls the rains and winds, proposes, and causes floods.
• Mị Nương: King Hung’s daughter—beautiful, kind-hearted, marries Son Tinh.
• Lạc Hầu: provides counsel.

Part II: PRACTICE

Answer to question 1 (page 38, Literature textbook for Grade 6, Volume 1):

Identify the actions of the characters in the story of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh.

a) Assess the role and significance of each character.

b) Summarize the story of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh according to the events associated with the main characters.

c) Why are the characters named Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh? Could the story still work with these alternative titles?

- King Hung chooses a son-in-law.

- The story of King Hung, Mị Nương, Son Tinh, and Thuy Tinh.

- The heroic song of Son Tinh.

Detailed answer:

a) The actions of the characters can be referenced in the table above.

* Roles and significance of the characters:

- King Hung: A secondary character, but essential because he decides the historical marriage.

- Mị Nương: A secondary character, but indispensable; without her, the intense conflict between the two gods wouldn't occur.

- Thuy Tinh: A main character, opposed to Son Tinh, and frequently mentioned. His character symbolizes the mythological power of floods and storms in the Red River Delta region.

- Son Tinh: The main hero, opposing Thuy Tinh, and representing the Vietnamese people’s triumph over natural disasters.

b) A summary of the story based on key events associated with the characters:

- King Hung chooses a son-in-law.

- The two gods arrive to propose.

- King Hung sets biased conditions favoring Son Tinh.

- Son Tinh arrives first, wins the bride, while Thuy Tinh arrives late, loses Mị Nương, and pursues her.

- A fierce battle occurs between the two gods. Result: Son Tinh wins, Thuy Tinh loses and retreats.

- Every year, the two gods continue to fight for months, but Thuy Tinh is always defeated and retreats.

c) The story is named after the two main characters, Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh, as it centers on their conflict.

* Changing the title to "King Hung Chooses a Son-in-law" doesn’t capture the main plot.

* "The Story of King Hung, Mị Nương, Son Tinh, and Thuy Tinh" is redundant as King Hung and Mị Nương are secondary characters.

* A title like "The Heroic Song of Son Tinh" is more fitting for the narrative.

Answer to question 2 (page 39, Literature textbook for Grade 6, Volume 1):

Imagine a story titled "Once, I Disobeyed". Please imagine and narrate a story based on this title. What events would you include, how would it unfold, and who would the characters be?

Detailed answer:

Outline:

- The character in the story is me (narrated in the first person).

- I select a relevant event based on my own experience.

- I detail the progression of the events.

- I explain the outcome.

- I reflect on the lesson learned from the experience.

Example story:

This is a memory I will never forget. One time, my parents took me to the beach. I was so excited because it was my first time there. My parents, worried, gave me several instructions. My father said, "Don't go too far, especially not near the forest over there. It's dangerous to get lost." I enthusiastically agreed. However, as soon as I let go of my parents' hands, I met some classmates who invited me to explore the forest and search for treasure. I excitedly followed them, forgetting my father’s warning. We wandered deeper into the forest and got lost.

Later, realizing I was missing, my parents started to worry and searched for me. From noon until evening, they couldn’t find me. My parents called for help, and soon they met other parents looking for their children. By nightfall, rescue workers found us, sitting scared in the dark forest.

After the incident, my father scolded me for worrying him so much. I felt extremely guilty and promised never to disobey my parents again.

I. Features of the event and characters in narrative literature

Question 1 - Page 37 of the textbook

a) Examine the events in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh;

(1) King Hùng selects a son-in-law.

(2) Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh come to propose marriage.

(3) King Hùng sets the condition for choosing a husband.

(4) Sơn Tinh arrives first and marries the princess.

(5) Thủy Tinh arrives later, gets angry, and floods Sơn Tinh's lands.

(6) The two fight for months, and eventually, Thủy Tinh retreats.

(7) Every year, Thủy Tinh floods Sơn Tinh’s land, but always fails.

Identify the beginning, development, climax, and resolution of the events above, and explain the cause-and-effect relationships between them.

b) Events in narrative literature should be told in a detailed manner: who does what, where, when, the cause, progression, and result. With these six elements, the story becomes clearer and more vivid. Identify the six elements in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh. Do you think it's possible to omit the time and place elements in this story? Why or why not? Is it necessary to introduce Sơn Tinh's talents? Could the event where King Hùng sets the conditions for marriage be omitted? Was Thủy Tinh's anger justified? In which events can you see the justification?

c) Events and details in narrative literature are selected to fit the theme and the ideas that the author wants to convey. Which events show the narrator's goodwill toward Sơn Tinh and King Hùng? What is the significance of Sơn Tinh defeating Thủy Tinh multiple times (specify how many times)? Could the story allow Thủy Tinh to defeat Sơn Tinh? Why or why not? Can the annual flooding event by Thủy Tinh be omitted? Why or why not?

Answer

a) The events in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh:

– The beginning event is (1).

– The development events are (2), (3), (4), (5).

– The climax is (6).

– The resolution is (7).

The sequence of events cannot be altered or any event omitted. For example, if event (3) about King Hùng setting marriage conditions is omitted, the king's “favoritism” toward Sơn Tinh would not be highlighted, as Sơn Tinh could more easily meet the king's requirements than Thủy Tinh.

b) In narrative literature, events must align with the elements of character, setting, time, cause, development, and result. These elements bring the story to life and reveal its central theme. The story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh illustrates these elements:

– Characters: King Hùng, Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh, Mị Nương, Lạc Hầu.

– Setting: Phong Châu, Tản Viên Mountain, the coastal region.

– Time: The eighteenth reign of the Hùng kings.

– Development: (3), (4), (5), (6) in section a.

– Cause: Thủy Tinh’s anger for not marrying Mị Nương.

– Resolution: (7).

These elements are essential for the story to be engaging and meaningful. Omitting any of them would make the events incomplete and weaken the story’s impact. Without a clear setting or time, the story would lose its authenticity. Without King Hùng’s marriage conditions, the rivalry between Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh would not exist.

If King Hùng did not show preference for Sơn Tinh by asking for mountain products, Thủy Tinh would not be so furious. Sơn Tinh’s victory over Thủy Tinh was inevitable, just as Thủy Tinh’s defeat was. The tightly interwoven cause-and-effect relationships in the story create a coherent narrative that reinforces its central theme.

c) Events and details in narrative literature must be selected carefully to fit the theme and ideas being expressed.

The chosen events, such as Sơn Tinh’s ability to build earthen dikes to protect against floods, and his ability to easily provide mountain products, contrast with Thủy Tinh’s struggles, showing the narrator’s (the people's) support for Sơn Tinh and King Hùng.

Sơn Tinh’s repeated victories over Thủy Tinh symbolize the struggle to control natural disasters and express the hopes of ancient Vietnamese people to conquer calamities.

Question 2 - Page 38 of the textbook

a) Characters in narrative literature are both the agents and the subjects of the events, either being praised or condemned. Name the characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh and answer the following:

– Who is the main character with the most significant role?

– Who is the character mentioned the most?

– Who are the secondary characters? Are they necessary? Can they be omitted?

b) How are characters presented in narrative literature?

– By their names;

– By their backgrounds, personalities, and talents;

– By their actions, thoughts, and words;

– By their physical descriptions, attire, mannerisms, etc.

How are the characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh presented?

Answer

a) In the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh, the characters include: King Hùng, Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh, Mị Nương, and Lạc Hầu.

– The main characters are: Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh (they are the most mentioned characters, with central roles in conveying the story’s theme).

– The secondary characters are: King Hùng and Mị Nương (although their roles are less emphasized, they support the main characters in developing the plot).

b) In narrative literature, characters are sometimes introduced by their names, which carry deeper meanings.

For example: Sơn Tinh (mountain god), Thủy Tinh (water god). Characters are often introduced with their backgrounds, such as King Hùng (the eighteenth ruler), Sơn Tinh (from Tản Viên Mountain), and Lạc Long Quân (from Lạc Việt, a descendant of dragons).

At times, characters are described physically, such as Lạc Long Quân (a dragon-like figure), or Thánh Gióng (a hero who grows to an imposing size in a single moment). A character’s personality or talents are often revealed through actions, as with Mị Nương (gentle in nature) or through deeds such as those of Sơn Tinh, Thủy Tinh, and others.

Character actions are a key element in narrative literature, revealing the central theme and ideas. Examples include Thánh Gióng demanding to meet the messenger, King Hùng’s marriage proposal, and Thủy Tinh’s vengeful actions. Depending on the story’s theme, these elements may be emphasized individually or combined.

Practice

Question 1 - Page 38 of the textbook

Identify the actions of the characters in the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh:

– King Hùng: …

– Mị Nương: …

– Sơn Tinh: …

– Thủy Tinh: …

a) Assess the roles and significance of the characters.

b) Summarize the story of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh by linking it with the main characters.

c) Why is the story titled Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh? Could it be renamed with one of the following?

– King Hùng Chooses a Son-in-Law

– The Story of King Hùng, Mị Nương, Sơn Tinh, and Thủy Tinh

– The Victory Song of Sơn Tinh

Answer

– Actions of the characters.

+ King Hùng selects a son-in-law, consults the Lạc hầu, and issues a decree.

+ Mị Nương follows Sơn Tinh to the mountains.

+ Sơn Tinh raises his hand to form a mound of earth and moves mountains with his magical powers.

+ Thủy Tinh calls the wind, summons rain, and floods Sơn Tinh’s land.

a) The role and significance of Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.

– They drive the main plot of the story.

– They express the narrator’s viewpoint.

– They symbolize the explanation for floods.

Sơn Tinh is seen as a protective deity against the destructive forces of Thủy Tinh, the flood god, representing a disaster the people wish to overcome.

Other characters mainly serve to create the context for the conflict between Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh.

b) In this story, Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh are the main characters. The summary should emphasize the events surrounding them.

c) The title is an important part of a story, capturing its central theme. A good title should be succinct and reflective of the story’s essence. Using the names of the main characters as the title is a common practice, especially in folk tales.

Therefore, the story is titled Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh. Changing it to the suggested titles would not effectively convey the story’s main ideas.

Question 2 - Page 39 of the textbook

The title of the story: Once Disobedient. Imagine a story based on this title. What would your story be about? What would happen in it, and who would the characters be?

Answer

Students should consider:

– Disobedience is a common behavior in children who don’t fully understand the consequences of their actions.

– “Once Disobedient” highlights the consequences of disobedience, such as climbing trees and falling, speeding and being caught by the police, cheating on exams and failing, smoking and getting sick, playing too much and getting hurt, or swimming in a river and almost drowning.

– Characters, events, and the relationships between them should be carefully considered.