Top 6 Best Analyses of 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' by Hoàng Đức Lương for 10th Grade

Basic Knowledge about the Author and the Work

1. The Author

- Hoàng Đức Lương, whose birth and death years are unknown, was originally from Văn Giang (Hưng Yên province) and resided in Gia Lâm (Hà Nội).

- He passed the doctoral examination in the year Mậu Tuất (1478).

- It is unclear when he compiled the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập', but the preface to the collection was written by him in 1497.

2. The Work

- In the 15th century, after the victory over the Minh invaders, many intellectuals in Vietnam began collecting literary works from previous generations. The 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' is one such collection.

- The anthology contains poetry from poets of the Trần dynasty to the Lê dynasty of the 15th century, with the final poems being those of Hoàng Đức Lương.

- The compilation of the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' was part of the broader cultural revival during the national renaissance of the 15th century.

- Structure: 2 parts

+ Part 1 (from the beginning to 'not torn and scattered'): The reasons why the literary works of the past have not been fully preserved for future generations.

+ Part 2 (the remaining part): The reasons why the author felt compelled to compile the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' and the process involved.

Reading and Understanding the Text

Question 1 - Page 30 of the Textbook

According to Hoàng Đức Lương, what are the reasons why the literary works of the past have not been passed down completely? What is the author’s reasoning style?

Answer:

* Four reasons why the poetry of the past has not been fully transmitted to later generations:

- The first reason: Only poets can truly appreciate the beauty and excellence of poetry. This could be called the 'few who understand' reason.

- The second reason: Scholars, being busy with government service or struggling with exams, have little time for poetry. This could be called the 'busy scholars' reason.

- The third reason: Some people are interested in poetry but lack the ability or perseverance. This could be called the 'lack of dedication' reason.

- The fourth reason: The government has not yet shown concern. This could be called the 'no royal decree' reason...

Besides these four subjective reasons, the author also provides an objective reason. The next section from 'Because of the above reasons...' to '...which can never be preserved intact' refers to the fifth reason: the destructive power of time and war. The passage ends with a rhetorical question: '...how can it be preserved intact without falling apart?' This question reflects the author’s sorrow at the painful reality, which is the driving force behind his creation of the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'.

* The Art of Argumentation

- The author uses metaphor and comparison, likening poetry to joy, beauty, and things beyond outward appearance.

- The method of reasoning is inductive.

- The use of rhetorical questions: 'How can it be preserved intact without...'

The preface, with its well-structured argument, blends a lyrical tone with rational discourse. The author presents his points clearly, logically, and concisely. His patriotic feelings are evident in his respect for the cultural heritage of his ancestors and his sorrow over the loss of these works. Through the preface, readers can also sense the atmosphere of the era and the author’s emotional state.

Question 2 - Page 30 of the Textbook

What did Hoàng Đức Lương do to collect the poetry of past generations?

Answer:

The passage directly expresses the author’s emotional response to the difficult reality of researching the poetry of the Lí and Trần dynasties. The author laments and even reproaches the intellectuals of his time. He is clearly aware of the value of his ancestors’ poetry and deeply cherishes the literary heritage of Vietnam.

The author explains the motivations behind his effort to gather and compile the works of his predecessors into the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'. These motivations include:

- The scarcity of literature on Vietnamese poetry: 'There is nowhere to research'. Scholars like Hoàng Đức Lương had to rely on poetry from the Tang dynasty.

- The urgent need to compile a book like 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập', as Vietnam had a long history and culture but lacked a foundational work on its poetry.

These motivations pushed the author to compile the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'. It was a monumental task, requiring much effort and dedication, not something just anyone could do. However, the author remains modest in his approach, a characteristic typical of Eastern thinkers during the medieval period. Hoàng Đức Lương describes himself as having 'insufficient talent', and when mentioning the inclusion of his own poetry at the end of the work, he humbly refers to it as 'the clumsy works I have written'.

To complete the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập', Hoàng Đức Lương had to 'search far and wide' to collect the poetry of past figures. He also 'gathered poetry from current officials in the court'. Eventually, he named the collection 'Trích Diễm', consisting of 6 volumes. This task required immense time and effort, and only those truly passionate would have been able to complete it.

- His work holds great educational and practical value. Without his efforts, we might not know of works like 'Chiếu Dời Đô' by Lý Công Uẩn or 'Bạch Đằng Giang Phú' by Trương Hán Siêu.

Question 3 - Page 30 of the Textbook

What motivated Hoàng Đức Lương to overcome difficulties and compile this poetry anthology? What are your thoughts on his efforts to collect and compile this literary work?

Answer:

To answer this question, we must take a comprehensive look at the entire work, emphasizing the following points:

- National pride in the cultural heritage.

- A sense of responsibility for the lost literary legacy of the past.

- The spirit of independence, self-reliance, and resilience in literature.

Question 4 - Page 30 of the Textbook

Were there any earlier statements about Vietnam’s cultural heritage before 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'?

Answer:

Before Hoàng Đức Lương, Nguyễn Trãi had addressed the concept of national cultural heritage in the 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo'. He wrote:

'Our Đại Việt has, from the past, been known for its cultural heritage.'

...

Both Hoàng Đức Lương and Nguyễn Trãi reflect the national consciousness and pride in Vietnam’s cultural heritage, which had been firmly established.

Practice

Question: Find examples that show that ancient Vietnamese poets and writers were proud of their national cultural heritage. (Hint: Revisit the first part of the 'Đại Cáo Bình Ngô').

Answer:

In addition to Hoàng Đức Lương’s preface, Nguyễn Trãi’s 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo', there are many other works by authors such as 'Nam Quốc Sơn Hà' by Lý Thường Kiệt (albeit indirectly), 'Đại Việt Sử Kí' by Lê Văn Hưu, 'Đại Việt Sử Kí Toàn Thư' by Ngô Sĩ Liên, and 'Hiền Tài Là Nguyên Khí Quốc Gia' (Inscription for the Doctoral Stone Tablet of the Nhâm Tuất Year, under the reign of Đại Bảo) by Thân Nhân Trung. These works all demonstrate that ancient Vietnamese writers and poets took great pride in the cultural heritage of their nation.

I. General Overview of the Preface to 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'

1. Structure:

Part 1 (from the beginning to 'not torn and scattered'): The reasons for the loss of literary works.

Part 2 (continuation to 'criticizing the past'): The author's attitude and actions.
Part 3 (remaining sections): Introduction to the author.

2. Key Concepts
a. Reasons for compiling 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'
- The state of Vietnam's literary heritage during Hoàng Đức Lương's time: 'Poetry and literature have not been fully transmitted to later generations'.
* Reasons:
- Poetry is a high-level intellectual pursuit, valuable and not easily appreciated by everyone, leading to a limited audience.
- Little attention was given to the collection of poetry and literature.
- Few individuals dedicated to collecting poetry, lacking the necessary abilities, determination, and perseverance.
- The dissemination (printing) of literary works was limited.
- Time and wars destroyed books.
* Emotions: sadness, sorrow, and a damaged sense of national pride, creating a strong need for the compilation of the book.
* Artistic Style:
- Coherent and persuasive argumentation (both internal and external reasons)
- A blend of lyrical elements within the argumentative tone.
b. The process of completing 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập', its content, and structure
* Motivation: A culturally rich nation without a foundational literary work...
* Process of completion:
- Searching and collecting poetry from past generations from various sources and places - 'searching far and wide'.
- Adding contemporary poetry.
- Categorizing, organizing, and naming the collection.
- Adding his own poems at the end.
- The task of collecting and compiling was extremely challenging, requiring perseverance, tireless effort, and meticulous and serious work ethics.
=> A sense of national pride, responsibility, and a deep respect for preserving cultural heritage and patriotism.

II. Understanding the Preface to 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'

Question 1 (Page 30 of Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

Five reasons why the literary works of the past were not fully preserved:

Good poetry, but few understood it (only a small group of poets).
Scholars were too busy to focus on poetry.
Those interested in poetry lacked the necessary abilities.
Government printing policies were still limited.
Time and war destroyed books.
Art of argumentation: clear, logical, and precise reasoning:

Metaphors and comparisons, likening poetry to joy, beauty, and deeper forms of beauty.
Inductive reasoning method.
Rhetorical question: 'How could it be preserved forever without...'

Question 2 (Page 30 of Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

The author collected poetry from wise individuals:

Searching far and wide: collecting poetry.
Choosing the best poems, organizing them by type.
Including his own works at the end of the book.

Question 3 (Page 30 of Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

What motivated Hoàng Đức Lương to overcome challenges in compiling the collection:

The desire to preserve culture for future generations to study and protect.
National pride in the cultural heritage.
A sense of responsibility for the lost heritage of his ancestors.
The spirit of independence and self-reliance in literature.
-> Reflection: This was a difficult and highly commendable task, especially considering the author's spirit and attitude.

Question 4 (Page 30 of Textbook, Grade 10, Volume 2)

Before 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập', Nguyễn Trãi's 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo' also addressed the cultural heritage of the nation:

'Our Đại Việt has, from the past, been known for its cultural heritage.'

III. Practice on the Preface to 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập'

Examples demonstrating that ancient poets and writers were proud of their nation's cultural heritage: 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo' (Nguyễn Trãi), 'Nam Quốc Sơn Hà' (Lý Thường Kiệt), 'Đại Việt Sử Kí' (Lê Văn Hưu), 'Đại Việt Sử Kí Toàn Thư' (Ngô Sĩ Liên), 'Hiền Tài Là Nguyên Khí Của Quốc Gia' (Thân Nhân Trung)...

A. KEY CONCEPTS

1. Author:

Hoàng Đức Lương: (birth and death dates unknown) born in Văn Giang, Hưng Yên, residing in Gia Lâm, Hanoi, earned his doctorate in 1478.

2. Work:

Context of Creation: The preface to 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' by Hoàng Đức Lương emerged after the resistance against the Minh invaders, who sought to destroy our national culture and assimilate the people. In this context, Lương's work of collecting poetry became highly significant.
Content: The preface is a remarkable piece due to its combination of presentation, emotional expression, and solid reasoning. The author highlights four subjective reasons (limited understanding of poetry, scholars being busy, lack of passionate individuals, no royal decree) and objective factors (time and wars). From there, he discusses the motivation and process behind the creation of the book, emphasizing national pride, respect, and the importance of preserving cultural heritage.

B. EXERCISE AND SOLUTIONS

Question 1: Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2

According to Hoàng Đức Lương, what are the reasons why the poetry of ancient times was not fully transmitted to later generations? Discuss the author's argumentative techniques.

Answer:
The reasons poetry was not fully preserved for future generations:
Few people truly understood poetry, aside from poets.
Scholars were too busy with administrative duties or struggles with exams to pay attention to poetry.
Some people were interested in poetry but lacked the necessary skill and perseverance.
The court did not prioritize it.
Time and war had a devastating effect on the preservation of literature.
The author laments this unfortunate reality.
Argumentation style:
Metaphorical comparisons, likening poetry to joy, intricate fabrics, and beauty beyond just appearances.
Inductive reasoning.
Rhetorical question: 'How could we ever preserve this... without...'
Clear, logical reasoning combined with a lyrical tone.

Question 2: Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2
How did Hoàng Đức Lương gather poetry from earlier generations?

Answer:
Hoàng Đức Lương gathered poetry by:
'Searching far and wide' for works from previous poets.
'Collecting poetry from contemporary officials'.
He then compiled and selected the best works.
He named the collection 'Trích Diễm', consisting of six volumes. This task required considerable time and effort, and only someone deeply committed could have undertaken it.

Question 3: Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2
What motivated Hoàng Đức Lương to overcome obstacles and compile this poetry collection? What is your opinion on his efforts in collecting and compiling poetry?

Answer:
The motivation driving the author to overcome challenges was:
The dire state of Vietnamese literary works, which were extremely rare: 'No research could be done on them'. Aspiring poets like Hoàng Đức Lương 'could only rely on poetry from the Tang Dynasty'.
There was an urgent need to compile 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' because 'a nation with such a long history and culture, shouldn't lack a foundational literary work'.
National pride in our cultural heritage.
A sense of responsibility for the lost literary works of our ancestors.
The spirit of independence, self-reliance, and resilience in literature.

Question 4: Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2
Provide an example that precedes 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' and discusses national cultural heritage.

Answer:
Before Hoàng Đức Lương, Nguyễn Trãi in 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo' also addressed the nation's cultural heritage:
'Our Đại Việt has, from the past, been known for its cultural heritage.'

II. PRACTICE EXERCISE
Find other examples that show how ancient poets were proud of their national cultural heritage.
Answer:
Besides Hoàng Đức Lương, many other poets expressed pride in the nation's culture:
Nguyễn Trãi - 'Bình Ngô Đại Cáo':
'Our Đại Việt has long been recognized for its cultural heritage'.
In a response to the Northern invaders regarding the customs of the South:
'An Nam wants to explain clearly
Their customs are pure and virtuous
Their ceremonies are like those of the Han Dynasty
Their attire resembles that of the Tang Dynasty'.
(From Lí Trần Anthology III)

I. Brief Overview of the Author
- Hoàng Đức Lương's birth and death dates remain unknown.
- Hometown: Văn Giang District, Hưng Yên Province.
- Residence: Gia Lâm District, Hanoi.
- In 1478, he earned his doctorate degree.

II. Brief Overview of the Preface to "Trích Diễm Thi Tập"
1. Collection Context
In 1497, during the national cultural revival movement after the victory over the Minh invaders, the author wrote the preface for the "Trích Diễm Thi Tập" collection.
2. Structure (3 parts)
- Part 1 (from the beginning … until the line ‘not torn and scattered’): Causes of the loss of ancient poetry.
- Part 2 (continues … criticizing ancient poets): The current state of the national poetry and the author's reflections.
- Part 3 (remaining part): Introduction of the author and the process of collecting "Trích Diễm Thi Tập".
3. Content Value
The preface reveals Hoàng Đức Lương’s profound pride and sense of responsibility in preserving the literary heritage of his ancestors, fostering our respect and admiration for the nation's literary legacy.
4. Artistic Value
- The argumentation is clear and sharp.
- The language is concise, with genuine emotion.
- A harmonious blend of lyrical style and reasoning.

Question 1 (Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2):

Reasons why ancient works were not fully preserved:

- Only poets appreciated the beauty of poetry, and few were interested in it.

- Scholars were too busy with government duties and exams to focus on poetry.

- Some were interested in poetry but lacked the skill, perseverance, or passion to engage with it.

- The court was indifferent, and this was cited as a reason.

Objective factors:

- Time destroyed many works: Over the course of many dynasties, works were lost and disappeared.

- Wars and fires led to the destruction of literary works.

b. Argumentation Techniques

- The use of metaphors and analogies, comparing poetry to joy, rich fabrics, and beauty beyond just appearances.

- Inductive reasoning.

- The use of rhetorical questions: 'How could one preserve this… without…'.

- The argument is logically structured, with clear and coherent points.

Question 2 (Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2):

To complete the "Trích Diễm Thi Tập" collection, Hoàng Đức Lương had to:

- Seek out and collect works from earlier poets.

- Gather poetry from contemporary officials.

- Compile, select the best pieces, and categorize them accordingly.

→ The author named the collection "Trích Diễm", consisting of six volumes, a project that required significant time and dedication.

Question 3 (Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2):

The motivations that drove the author to overcome obstacles in compiling the poetry collection:

- A sense of pride in the nation's cultural heritage.

- A consciousness of the lost literary works of ancestors.

- The spirit of independence, self-reliance, and cultural resilience.

- A desire to preserve and transmit this heritage for future generations to study and protect.

Reflection on Hoàng Đức Lương's work of collecting and compiling:

- It was a challenging and obstructed task.

- His efforts demonstrated a profound sense of responsibility in safeguarding and enhancing the nation's cultural values.

- The work holds significant spiritual value and deserves to be cherished.

Question 4 (Page 30, Grade 10 Literature, Volume 2):

Before "Trích Diễm Thi Tập", Nguyễn Trãi also referenced the nation's cultural heritage:

- Both perspectives reflect the national consciousness, asserting the pride in and independence of the nation.

PRACTICE

Many poets and writers expressed pride in the nation's cultural heritage:

- "Nam Quốc Sơn Hà":

The waters and mountains of the South belong to the Southern King.

Their boundaries are clearly set by Heaven's will.

- "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo":

"Our Đại Việt has, from the past, been known for its cultural heritage."

The borders and customs of the North and South are distinct.

I. The Author and the Work

1. The Author: Hoàng Đức Lương (For further details, refer to the introduction of the author in the Grade 10 Literature textbook, Volume 2).

2. The Work

* Genre: This text belongs to the category of a preface. A preface is typically placed at the beginning of a book, similar to an introduction or self-reflection. (Before the Tang dynasty, prefaces were often placed at the end of the book). The goal of a preface is to introduce the reader to the purpose, motivations, structure, and content of the work, or the thoughts and feelings of the author.

* The preface of "Trích Diễm Thi Tập" was written after the national resistance against the Minh invaders.

Through the preface, we can feel the atmosphere of the era, gaining insight into the author's emotions, especially his deep respect, pride, and sense of responsibility for preserving the cultural heritage passed down by his ancestors.

* Structure: The preface can be divided into three parts:

Part 1: From the beginning to the phrase “not torn apart”: The causes of the loss of literary works.
Part 2: From “continuing to criticize the ancient poets”: The author's attitude and actions.
Part 3: The remaining part: Introduction of the author.

II. Guide to the Lesson

Question 1:

* According to the author Hoàng Đức Lương, the reasons why ancient poetry was not fully preserved for future generations are:

The poetry was beautiful but not widely understood (only a select group of poets appreciated it).
Those interested in poetry often lacked the necessary skills.
Scholars and educated individuals were too busy with governmental duties and exams to focus on poetry.
Time and war destroyed many books.
Government printing policies were limited.
* The author's reasoning techniques: The argument is clear, well-structured, and to the point:

Using inductive reasoning.
Using metaphors to compare poetry to joy, fine fabrics, etc.
Rhetorical questions: 'How could one possibly preserve this… without…?'

Question 2:

Hoàng Đức Lương collected the poetry of previous generations in the following ways:

He asked around and gathered poetry from his predecessors.
He selected the best works and organized them into categories.
He included some of his own works at the end of the collection.

Question 3:

* What motivated Hoàng Đức Lương to overcome difficulties in compiling this poetry collection?

His pride in the nation’s cultural heritage.
His sense of responsibility for preserving the lost works of his ancestors.
His spirit of independence and self-reliance in literature.
His desire to pass down this culture for future generations to study and preserve.

In my opinion, the task of collecting and compiling the poetry was not an easy one. It was fraught with challenges and difficulties, but it is a task deserving of great admiration and respect. Therefore, we should all learn from the author’s sense of responsibility and self-reliance.

Question 4:

Before "Trích Diễm Thi Tập", Nguyễn Trãi also wrote about the nation’s cultural heritage:

"Our Đại Việt has, from the past, been known for its cultural heritage."

This reflects the growing national consciousness and pride in the heritage of the Vietnamese people.

Question 1 (Page 30 of Grade 10 Literature Textbook, Volume 2)

According to Hoàng Đức Lương, what are the reasons that ancient literary works were not fully preserved for future generations? Also, explain the author’s reasoning technique.

Detailed answer:

a. Four reasons why literature has not been fully passed down:

- The first reason: Only poets can appreciate the beauty and value of poetry. This can be termed as the "Limited Understanding".

- The second reason: Educated people are often busy with government duties or exams, leaving little time for poetry. This can be termed as "Busy Scholars".

- The third reason: Some people cared about poetry but lacked the necessary skills and perseverance. This can be termed as "Lack of Passion".

- The fourth reason: The court did not pay attention. This can be termed as "No Royal Decree".

Besides these four subjective reasons, the author also mentions an objective reason. The next section from "Because of these four reasons..." to "... no longer intact" reflects the fifth reason: Time and war destroy books. The passage ends with a rhetorical question that expresses the author’s sorrow: "How can it be preserved without falling apart?". This question conveys the author’s deep regret, which motivates the creation of the 'Trích Diễm Thi Tập' collection.

b. Art of reasoning:

- Using metaphors and analogies, comparing poetry to pleasure, fine fabrics, beauty beyond beauty...

- Inductive reasoning method.

- Rhetorical questions: How can it be preserved... without...

The preface blends tight reasoning with poetic emotion. The author presents arguments clearly and coherently, with a deep love for the nation reflected in his respect for the cultural heritage and his sorrow over its loss. Through the preface, readers also sense the atmosphere of the era and the author’s feelings.

Question 2 (Page 30 of Grade 10 Literature Textbook, Volume 2)

What did Hoàng Đức Lương do to collect the works of past poets?

Detailed answer:

- To complete the "Trích Diễm Thi Tập", Hoàng Đức Lương did the following:

+ He "searched and inquired" to gather poetry from previous generations.

+ He also "collected poems from officials currently serving in the court".

+ He then titled the book "Trích Diễm", consisting of 6 volumes.

=> This required a significant amount of time and effort, and only someone truly passionate could undertake such a task.

Question 3 (Page 30 of Grade 10 Literature Textbook, Volume 2)

What motivated Hoàng Đức Lương to overcome difficulties in compiling this poetry collection? What are your thoughts on his work of collecting and compiling poetry?

Detailed answer:

To answer this, we need to emphasize the following points:

- Pride in the nation’s cultural heritage.

- A sense of responsibility toward the lost literary treasures of our ancestors.

- A spirit of independence, self-reliance, and determination in literature.

* My thoughts on Hoàng Đức Lương’s work:

- It was a highly challenging task, full of obstacles.

- It demonstrates a deep sense of responsibility in preserving and promoting the nation’s cultural values.

- The work has great spiritual significance and is truly worthy of admiration and respect.

Question 4 (Page 30 of Grade 10 Literature Textbook, Volume 2)

Before "Trích Diễm Thi Tập", were there other works that discussed the cultural heritage of the nation?

Detailed answer:

- Before Hoàng Đức Lương, Nguyễn Trãi in his "Bình Ngô Đại Cáo" also mentioned the nation’s cultural heritage:

"Our Đại Việt has, from the past, been known for its cultural heritage."

...

=> Both opinions reflect the growing national consciousness and pride in the Vietnamese cultural heritage.

Practice Exercise

Question (Page 30 of Grade 10 Literature Textbook, Volume 2)

Find examples that show how ancient writers and poets were proud of the nation’s cultural heritage. (Hint: review the first part of the work "Đại Cáo Bình Ngô").

Detailed answer:

Besides the preface of Hoàng Đức Lương, Nguyễn Trãi’s "Đại Cáo Bình Ngô" and works by other authors such as "Nam Quốc Sơn Hà" by Lý Thường Kiệt (albeit indirectly), "Đại Việt Sử Ký" by Lê Văn Hưu, "Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư" by Ngô Sĩ Liên, and "Hiền Tài Là Nguyên Khí Quốc Gia" (inscribed on the doctoral stelae of the 3rd year of Đại Bảo) by Thân Nhân Trung are examples that demonstrate the pride poets and writers of the past had in the nation’s cultural heritage.

Structure

Structure: 2 parts

- Part 1: From the beginning to "falling apart"? - The causes of the loss of literary works.

- Part 2: The remaining part - The author’s pride and sense of responsibility toward the national poetry heritage.

Main Content

"Trích Diễm Thi Tập" reflects a deep sense of pride, respect, and responsibility in preserving the cultural heritage of the nation.