Top 6 Best Interpretations of "Thơ duyên" in the Chân trời sáng tạo Textbook - Vietnamese Literature 10

I. Author of the text Thơ duyên

• Xuân Diệu (1916 - 1985), full name Ngô Xuân Diệu.
• Hometown: Maternal side from Hà Tĩnh, Paternal side from Bình Định.
• He began writing poetry at a very young age, gaining fame with the New Poetry movement.
• Artistic style: Overflowing with fresh emotions, full of love, a strong desire to connect with life.
• Main works: Thơ thơ, Gửi hương cho gió,…

II. Understanding the work Thơ duyên

• Genre: New Poetry with 7 syllables per line.
• Origin and context of creation: Published in Xuân Diệu's poetry anthology.

III. Mode of expression: Expressive

IV. Structure:

• Section 1: First 6 verses: A landscape of nature.
• Section 2: Next 6 verses: A kingdom of love.
• Section 3: Following 4 verses: A scene of separation in nature.
• Section 4: Last 4 verses: The poet's interpretation of love.

V. Content value:

• Emotional response to the miraculous union of all things in this world,
• The fusion of three primary connections: nature with nature, humans with nature, and humans with each other.

VI. Artistic value:

• Musicality in poetry
• Prose-like qualities in the poetry
• Surreal symbolism

VII. Detailed analysis of the work Thơ duyên

Nature's painting

• From the very first line, Xuân Diệu is ready to “lose a bit of clarity to gain a lot of poetic beauty” - a technique of making things vague.
• The wild branch leans toward the sunlight, while the sunlight seems hesitant, unwilling to embrace the branch’s graceful gesture, as the poet delicately describes the “sun turning into evening.”
• The kingdom of love
• The phrase “that day” marks a transformation in the soul.
• The dignified form of address between lovers begins to take over: Ta - Bạn changes to Anh - Em.

=> In this poetic harmony of life, “he” and “she” are like a pair of rhymes.

Scenes of separation in nature

• The birds chirp suggestively, but only one lonely stork evokes sadness.

=> The nature of couples gives way to the nature of separation and distance.

• Deliberate division between two landscapes: a romantic garden and a desolate wasteland.

=> In emptiness, people seek support; in coldness, they yearn for warmth; in loneliness, they long for companionship.

Last four verses: The poet’s interpretation of love

• The word “stop” implies something irreversible, a fait accompli.
• The word “marriage” suggests an implicit commitment, a secret union of two souls.

=> It expresses the delicate state of love that, though pure inside, remains shy and hesitant on the outside, like lovers who are cautious yet deeply bound.

* Before reading:

Question 1 (page 68, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo):

Share your personal feelings or interesting observations about the nature around us.

Answer:

The nature around us has many interesting aspects, from the hot summer days to the cool and gentle autumn weather, snowy and cold winter days, and the fresh spring with trees sprouting new leaves.

Question 2 (page 68, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 – Chân trời sáng tạo):

In your mind, what images, colors, and shapes are characteristic of an autumn landscape?

Answer:

• In my mind, an autumn landscape is characterized by the following:
  • Images: falling yellow leaves, gently.
  • Colors: yellow dominates the autumn landscape.
  • Shapes and space: A quiet and fresh autumn atmosphere, soft and soothing.

* Reading the text

Pay attention to the words that describe the relationships between objects in the first stanza. What kind of relationship is it?

Answer:

Words that describe the relationship: “Pair of birds.” This represents a relationship of togetherness, an inseparable bond.

Inference: In stanza 4, how does the scenery change compared to stanzas 1 and 2?

Answer: Compared to stanzas 1 and 2, the scenery in stanza 4 adopts a more somber tone and feels more hurried, almost as if time is pressing forward. The term “hastily” conveys a sense of urgency, unlike the peaceful ambiance of the previous stanzas.

* After reading

Main idea: The poem portrays the beautiful, poetic, pure, and vibrant autumn scene, as seen through the eyes of young people brimming with passion, love for life, and for one another.

Answer the questions:

Question 1 (page 69, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 – Chân trời sáng tạo):

What do you understand by the word “duyên” in the title “Thơ duyên”?

Answer:

• The meaning of “duyên”: The word “duyên” has many meanings: it refers to the relationship between husband and wife, encounters in life, natural and harmonious bonds, grace, etc.
• The meaning of “duyên” in Thơ duyên: The autumn scene here represents a natural union, like the spontaneous connection between nature and nature, between humans and nature, and between humans. Thơ duyên speaks about these beautiful, destined connections.

Question 2 (page 69, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 – Chân trời sáng tạo):

Analyze and compare the effects of vocabulary, imagery, rhyme, rhythm, etc., in evoking the autumn scenery in stanzas 1 and 4.

Answer:

• Similarities: Both describe nature’s beauty and the emotional depth of autumn, subtly invoking a longing for love between pairs.
• Differences:
  • Stanza 1: The autumn scene is lively, pure, dreamy with images of birds chirping under a clear sky, light streaming through leaves, and the harmonious melody of nature, like the soft sound of music flowing in the air.
  • Stanza 4: The autumn scene shifts to a different moment: “The evening recedes” with “mist descending gradually.” The imagery here is solitary, with images of clouds, birds in flight, all hurrying to find their places as evening coldly descends.

Question 3 (page 69, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo):

How does the love between “he” and “she” change across the stanzas, according to the changing autumn scenery? You can answer with the table below (fill in your notebook):

Stanza

Autumn landscape

Love between “he” and “she”

Stanza...

Stanza...

...

Answer:

Stanza

Autumn landscape

Love between “he” and “she”

1

• The autumn evening is lively, bright, and charming.
• The time and space evoke a sense of romance.

2 and 3

• The narrow autumn path, the trees swaying gently in the breeze... inviting the steps of a couple.
• The hearts of “he” and “she” resonate in unison, and their bond is naturally formed, as they become like “a pair of rhymes.”

4

• The evening autumn cools down, the lone cloud, the lone bird... all search for their places.
• The shift of life in the late afternoon, just before sunset.
• A stirring of the soul, prompting the desire to unite.

5

• Autumn arrives gently, “quiet autumn,” “gentle autumn”; the space is filled with autumn colors, autumn love.
• Autumn evening: quiet, calm, dazed.
• The irresistible pull: “binding fate.”
• Watching the autumn evening, the heart of “he” is moved to “marry” her heart.

Question 4 (page 69, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo):

What role does the emotion of “he”/“she” before the autumn evening play in forming and deepening their bond?

Answer:

• “He” and “she” are both emotional souls, stirred and moved by the beauty of the autumn evening.
• The enchanting autumn evening makes all things pair up, urging people to long for companionship. As evening cools, the lonely beings yearn to find their places.

=> The feelings of “he” and “she” before the autumn evening help guide and connect their bond.

Question 5 (page 69, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo):

Identify the lyrical subject and the main inspiration of the poem.

Answer:

• The lyrical subject in Thơ duyên has two forms:
  • Implicit subject: Does not appear directly, but the reader senses someone observing and expressing emotions.
  • Explicit subject: “he”

=> Thus, the two subjects appear alternately in the poem, sometimes separately, sometimes blending together.

Question 6 (page 69, Textbook of Vietnamese Literature, Grade 10, Volume 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo):

Identify the unique qualities in Xuân Diệu's portrayal of the autumn landscape in Thơ duyên (you can compare with a few other poems to highlight these unique qualities).

Answer:

• Highlight the unique features of Xuân Diệu’s depiction of autumn nature in the poem Thơ duyên (you can compare with other poems to clarify these qualities).
• Observe the lines describing the autumn scene.
• Analyze the imagery that left a deep impression on you, and point out the uniqueness of Xuân Diệu’s style in portraying nature.
• You can refer to the following excerpt:

“The narrow path sways in the breeze

The wild branch leans as the sun turns to dusk

…

Where do the blue clouds go, hastily flying?

The stork on the field, its wings uncertain”

• The cheerful autumn scene is portrayed in a lively, fresh, and enchanting manner.
• The autumn path is described as narrow, with branches swaying gently in the wind, inviting the steps of lovers.
• In stanza four, the evening autumn scene shifts, with mist cooling the air, solitary clouds, and lonely birds all hurrying to their destinations.
• The use of onomatopoeic words like “xiêu xiêu,” “nho nhỏ,” “gấp gấp,” “phân vân” creates a rhythmic flow that gives the poem a soft and ethereal feel.

Author and Work: Thơ Duyên - Vietnamese Literature 10

I. The Author

1. Biography

• Xuân Diệu (1916-1985), born as Ngô Xuân Diệu.
• Hometown: Can Lộc, Hà Tĩnh, but raised by his mother in Quy Nhơn.
• In 1937, Xuân Diệu moved to Hanoi to study Law and started writing for newspapers, joining the Tự Lực Văn Đoàn (Self-Reliant Literary Group).
• At the end of 1940, he moved to Mỹ Tho (now Tiền Giang) to work as an assistant in trade.
• In 1942, Xuân Diệu returned to Hanoi and earned a living as a writer.
• In 1944, he joined the Việt Minh movement.
• During the resistance war, he relocated to the Việt Bắc war zone, engaging in revolutionary cultural activities.
• After peace was restored, Xuân Diệu returned to Hanoi, where he lived and worked until his passing.

2. Literary Career

Writing Style

• Xuân Diệu infused contemporary poetry with a fresh vitality, bringing new emotions and ideas to his works, along with innovative artistic techniques.
• He is the poet of love, spring, and youth, with a passionate, exuberant voice that is deeply in love with life.
• Literary Legacy
• Notable works include: Thơ Thơ (1938), Gửi Hương Cho Gió (1945), Riêng Chung (1960)... Besides poetry, he also wrote prose, essays, and literary criticism.

3. Influence and Reputation

• Regarded as one of the most innovative poets among the new generation of poets.
• Xuân Diệu was a highly creative and prolific writer, making significant contributions across various fields of modern Vietnamese literature.
• He earned his place as a great poet, artist, and cultural figure.
• In 1996, he was awarded the Hồ Chí Minh Prize for Literature and Arts.

II. The Work: Thơ Duyên

• Genre: Seven-character verses (7 syllables)
• Origin: The poem is published in the anthology Tuyển Tập Xuân Diệu (Poetry) - Văn Học Publishing House, Hanoi, 1986, pp. 100-101)
• Mode of Expression: Narrative + Emotional
• Summary of Thơ Duyên
• The poem is about love, but in this case, it refers to love for life, people, nature, beauty, and harmony with the world—these elements together create the unique charm of Xuân Diệu's Thơ Duyên.
• Structure of Thơ Duyên

Three parts

• Part 1: Stanzas 1 and 2: The scene of an autumn afternoon
• Part 2: Stanza 3: The harmony within the poet's soul
• Part 3: Stanzas 4 and 5: Everything in Thơ Duyên takes on a spiritual essence.

III. In-depth Analysis of Thơ Duyên

The Scene of an Autumn Afternoon

• The poet perceives a unique beauty in the autumn afternoon.
• It is a serene afternoon where poetry intertwines with fate.
• There are chirping birds, greener leaves, and a stunning sky. These elements blend together, forming a beautiful, lovable, and graceful charm.
• At this moment, the entire space appears in its purest beauty.
• It is like a sound that cannot be heard but is incredibly mystical. In this way, the ordinary becomes extraordinary and more beautiful.
• The Harmony in the Poet’s Soul
• The narrow path becomes more beautiful, and the evening breeze becomes softer. Petals fall gently, swayed by the wind. There is harmony within the poet’s own soul.
• From this deep affection, the poet is driven to explore his feelings to the fullest—this is both strange and surprising.
• The final line of the poem features a rhyming pair, symbolizing the complete harmony between language and sound, which creates the magical effect in poetry.
• Everything in Thơ Duyên Becomes Alive
• Upon realizing the changes within himself, the poet looks around and notices the transformation in nature.
• Everything is altered, as if captured by a miraculous power. Now, the world is no longer lifeless but imbued with spirit.
• These elements—clouds, storks, birds, and flowers—all experience an inner turmoil.
• This line of poetry reflects the eager, uncertain emotions of the new generation of poets, the modern poets.

Đọc văn bản

Câu 1: Lưu ý các từ ngữ chỉ mối quan hệ giữa các sự vật trong khổ 1. Đó là mối quan hệ như thế nào?

Trả lời:

Từ ngữ chỉ mối quan hệ: ''Cặp chim chuyền''. Đây là mối quan hệ có đôi có cặp, gắn bó với nhau

Câu 2: Trong khổ 4, cảnh vật hiện có sự thay đổi như thế nào so với khổ 1,2 ?

Trả lời

So với khổ 1,2, cảnh vật ở khổ 4 mang một màu sắc trầm hơn và có vẻ dồn dập, nhanh chóng hơn. Qua từ ''gấp gáp'', ta thấy được sự hối hả, thúc giục chứ không yên bình như ở khổ 1 và khổ 2

B. Bài tập và hướng dẫn giải

Sau khi đọc

Câu 1: Bạn hiểu thế nào về từ ''duyên'' trong nhan đề ''Thơ duyên'' ?

Bài giải:

Từ ''duyên'' hiểu theo lẽ thường là chỉ một mối nhân duyên giữa người với người, vật với vật. Trong bối cảnh bài thơ Thơ duyên của Xuân Diệu, ta có thể hiểu chữ duyên ở đây là chỉ sự gắn kết, gắn bó, hòa hợp giữa vạn vật

Câu 2: Phân tích, so sánh tác dụng của từ ngữ, hình ảnh, vần, nhịp,..trong việc gợi tả cảnh sắc thiên nhiên chiều thu ở khổ 1 và khổ 4.

Bài giải:

1."Chiều mộng hòa thơ trên nhánh duyên,

Cây me ríu rít cặp chim chuyền

Đổ trời xanh ngọc qua muôn lá,

Thu đến - nơi nơi động tiếng huyền."

• Cách gieo vần ở vần ''uyên'' : duyên, chuyền, huyền. Đây là vần bằng. Cách gieo vần tạo co khổ thơ nhịp điệu nhẹ nhàng, êm ái
  
• Các từ láy được sử dụng như '' ríu rít'',''nơi nơi'' diễn tả một không bừng sáng, vui vẻ muôn nơi
• Không gian ''chiều mộng'' nên thơ trữ tình. Hình ảnh '' ríu rít cạp chim chuyên'','' trời xanh ngọc'', miêu tả một khung cảnh vui vẻ, rộn rã với ''tiếng huyền''.Màu sắc gợi lên cảm giác trong xanh cùng với động từ "đổ" tạo cảm giác dứt khoát, lan tràn
• Cụm từ "thu đến" như một tiếng reo vui mừng, phấn khích cho mơ ước bấy lâu giờ đã thành hiện thực.

2."Mây biếc về đâu bay gấp gấp,

Con cò trên ruộng cánh phân vân.

Chim nghe trời rộng giang thêm cánh,

Hoa lạnh chiều thưa sương xuống dần."

• Khổ thơ nhiều vần trắc , thể hiện sự hối hả, gấp gáp hơn so với khổ 1
• Khổ bốn mang đến cho độc giả cảnh thu trên không gian rộng lớn. Hoạt động của thiên nhiên cũng dần dồn dập, nhanh chóng hơn. Từ láy "gấp gấp" tạo cảm giác hối hả, thúc giục

''Chim ngang trời rộng'', chiều thu tàn , bầu trời như mở rộng hơn

• Càng chìm dần vào chiều thu, sương càng rơi xuống nhiều. "Hoa lạnh" vì có thể do "đẫm sương" hoặc do cơn gió nào đó. Chiều mùa thu bắt đầu lạnh làm cho người đọc cũng mang chút gì xao xuyến, bâng khuâng.

Câu 3: Trước những sắc thái và thời khắc khác nhau của bức tranh thiên nhiên chiều thu, duyên tình giữa ''anh'' và ''em'' có sự thay đổi như thế nào theo các khổ thơ? Có thể trả lời dựa vào bảng sau ( làm vào vở)

Bài giải:

Khổ thơ

Sắc thái thiên nhiên

Duyên tình ‘’anh’’-‘’em’’

1

• Không gian là buổi "chiều mộng" - lãng mạn, êm ái hòa vào đó "thơ trên nhánh duyên" gợi nên khung cảnh trữ tình.
• Màu sắc là một mày xanh tươi vui, rộn rã
• Hài hòa, tuyệt đẹp

2

• Cảnh nắng chiều ở đây mang nét mạnh mẽ hơn cảnh nắng ở khổ 1

"Con đường nhỏ nhỏ gió xiêu xiêu,

Lả lả cành hoang nắng trở chiều.’’

• Có một sự rung động đến từ trái tim. Trên con đường đó, mọi rung động nhỏ nhất của cảm xúc bị phát hiện, bất kể người ta có cố gắng giấu chúng bằng cách nào đi nữa

4

• Chiều thu tàn, không gian mở rộng, bắt đầu trở nên gấp gáp hơn. Trời trở nên lạnh hơn
• Xao xuyến, bâng khuâng, có chút lo lắng trước sự giá lạnh, cô đơn

5

• Sự êm ả của mùa thu, tĩnh lặng như chẳng có gì đặc biệt
• Hòa hợp tự nhiên, cảm nhận về hạnh phúc với mức độ cao nhất

Câu 4: Cảm xúc của ‘’anh’’/’’em’’ trước thiên nhiên chiều thu giữ vai trò như thế nào trong việc hình thành,phát triển duyên tình giữa ‘’anh’’ và ‘’em’’ ?

Bài giải:

Cảm xúc của ''anh'' và ''em ''trước thiên nhiên chiều thu như giúp phát triển mối duyên tình giữa ''anh'' và ''em''. Từ những cảm xúc lâng lâng, rạo rực trước nuổi ắng chiều chiều thu cho đến bâng khuâng, lo lắng, bồi hồi trước cảnh chiều tà kèm gió se se lạnh, mối duyên tình như được vẽ theo từng khu bậ cảm xúc để bước tới sự hòa hợp, gắn kết nhất ''Lòng anh thôi đã cưới lòng em''. Sự hòa hợp từ thiên nhiên cho đến con người làm chữ duyên của bài thơ trở nên đặc sắc hơn.

Câu 5: Xác định chủ thể trữ tình và nêu cảm hứng chủ đạo của bài thơ

Bài giải:

• Chủ thể trữ tình xuyên suốt bài thơ chính là ''anh''. Từng khổ thơ là những cảm xúc của nhân vật trữ tình đối với tình yêu, được miêu tả qua khung cảnh thiên nhiên chiều thu. Tình yêu, rung động trong tình yêu chính là cảm hứng chủ đạo mà Xuân Diệu đưa vào. Chữ duyên, chữ tình được khắc họa dựa trên những thay đổi của thiên nhiên, từ lúc nắng lên cho tới lúc chiều tàn

Câu 6: Chỉ ra nét độc đáo trong cách cảm nhận và miêu tả thiên nhiên mùa thu của Xuân Diệu qua Thơ duyên ( Có thể so sánh với một vài bài thơ khác để làm rõ nét độc đáo ây)

Bài giải:

Nét độc đáo trong của Xuân Diệu trong việc miêu tả mùa thu ở Thơ Duyên chính là việc nhìn, tả cảnh vật qua con mắt của một tâm hồn dạt dào cảm xúc, biết rung động trước tình yêu. Thiên nhiên, vốn dĩ không phải là hiện tượng mới mẻ trong thơ, nếu không nói đã là thi liệu có từ rất lâu đời trong văn học. Các nhà thơ trung đại cũng đã có thủ pháp tả cảnh ngụ tình, hoặc đều hướng lòng mình vào vạn vật để soi rọi, để tỏ bày. Nguyễn Trãi, Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Khuyến, Tú Xương, Hồ Xuân Hương, Bà huyện Thanh Quan..., đều đã có nhiều bài thơ hay trong đó mượn cảnh để nói tình rất đặc sắc. Tuy nhiên, đến với Thơ duyên của Xuân Diệu, ta lại cảm nhận được thiên nhiên với những sắc màu khác nhau, những tâm trạng với niềm vui và nỗi buồn đều mới, mang một nét gì đó trẻ trung, sôi nổi nhưng vẫn có một nét trầm lặng.

Như cảnh chiều thu sinh động tràn ngập âm thanh và sắc màu sự sống ở khổ đầu

''Chiều mộng hoà thơ trên nhánh duyên

Cây me ríu rít cặp chim chuyền

Đổ trời xanh ngọc qua muôn lá

Thu đến - nơi nơi động tiếng huyền.''

Dường như thi nhân không nhìn trời thu bằng mắt mà đang nhìn bằng hồn vía say sưa, nên cảnh vật cứ lung linh trong vẻ duyên dáng đa tình mà lâng lâng cảm xúc: "con đường nhỏ nhỏ, gió xiêu xiêu; lả lả cành hoang, nắng trở chiều", để từ "cái cớ" thiên nhiên ấy, nhà thơ dẫn người đọc vào câu chuyện tình tứ rất duyên, dẫu chưa phải là chuyện tình yêu đôi lứa. Hay như cảnh chiều tà ở khổ bốn:

"Mây biếc về đâu bay gấp gấp

Con cò trên ruộng cánh phân vân

Chim nghe trời rộng giang thêm cánh

Hoa lạnh chiều thưa sương xuống dần"

Đến khổ thơ này Xuân Diệu lại bày tỏ một nỗi bồi hồi, thương nhớ, xao xuyến. Mây bay gấp gấp, chim sải cách rộng bay. Tất cả tạo nên một bức tranh chiều ta qua rung cảnh của nhà thơ: hối hả nhưng vẫn mang màu sắc của mùa thu. Chỉ la xao xuyến, bồi hồi hơn

Structure of the poem 'Thơ duyên' - Vietnamese Literature 10, Chân trời sáng tạo

• Part 1: Stanzas 1-2: The scene of a fall afternoon
• Part 2: Stanza 3: The harmony within the poet's soul
• Part 3: Stanzas 4-5: The living essence of all things in 'Thơ duyên'.

Summary of 'Thơ duyên': The poem explores love, but not in the typical sense—rather, it conveys love for life, people, nature, and the harmony with the world. This is what makes Xuân Diệu's 'Thơ duyên' so distinctive.

Main content of 'Thơ duyên'

The poem expresses deep emotions towards the mysterious union of the entire world. It reflects the intertwining of three main threads of fate: nature with nature, humans with nature, and humans with each other.

Author - Work: 'Thơ duyên'

I. Author of 'Thơ duyên'

• Xuân Diệu (1916 - 1985), full name Ngô Xuân Diệu.
• Origin: Paternal roots from Hà Tĩnh, maternal roots from Bình Định.
• Began writing poetry at a young age, famous for being a part of the New Poetry movement.
• Artistic style: Full of fresh emotions, overflowing with love, and a desire for connection with life.
• Notable works: 'Thơ thơ', 'Gửi hương cho gió', etc.

II. Exploring 'Thơ duyên'

• Genre: New poetry with 7 syllables
• Origin and context: Featured in Xuân Diệu's poetry anthology
• Mode of expression: Expressive

Structure:

• Part 1: The first 6 lines: The portrait of nature
• Part 2: The following 6 lines: The realm of love
• Part 3: The next 4 lines: The separation of nature's beauty
• Part 4: The final 4 lines: The poet’s interpretation of love

Value of content:

• Emotion evoked by the mystical union of the world
• The blending of three threads of fate: nature with nature, humans with nature, and humans with each other.

Artistic value:

• The musicality in the poetry
• The prose-like quality in the verse
• Surreal symbolism

Before reading

Question 1 (page 68, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: Share your special feelings or interesting observations about nature around us.

Method of solution: Share your personal impressions and thoughts about the surrounding nature.

Detailed solution:

While some of us may not have visited every beautiful place in our beloved S-shaped Vietnam, we can still affirm through books and media that Vietnam is stunning. This beauty comes from the simplest, most familiar things to humans, like fields and bamboo groves. When traveling, we often admire the endless green fields and orderly maize fields, so simple, yet they make the passing observer pause and admire their beauty. When I pass by them, I look back and quietly admire the farmers—why do such ordinary things hold such strange beauty? Our homeland is developing, and nature is also evolving, but it still retains a beauty that blends tradition with modernity, creating a vibrant Vietnam.

Question 2 (page 68, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: In your imagination, what are the defining images, colors, and lines of a fall scene?

Method of solution: Envision the fall scene, focusing on its features.

Detailed solution:

Fall is the most romantic season of the year. In my imagination, the fall scene paints a picture of leaves falling, with soft, graceful lines symbolizing the gentle movement of the leaves. The dominant colors are yellow and red. This is the most romantic and peaceful fall scene I envision.

Reading the text

Question 1 (page 68, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: Pay attention to the words describing the relationships between objects in Stanza 1. What relationships do these suggest?

Method of solution:

• Read Stanza 1 carefully.
• Focus on the words describing the relationships between objects in the stanza.

Detailed solution:

• Words that describe relationships between objects in Stanza 1:
  • 'The dreamy afternoon harmonizes with the branches of fate.'
  • 'The tamarind tree – a pair of birds flying.' (The tamarind tree rustles as a pair of birds fly.)
  • 'The blue sky – the leaves (The blue sky pours through countless leaves).'

=> From the poet Xuân Diệu’s use of language, we can see the intimate and intertwined relationships between the elements in Stanza 1.

Question 2 (page 68, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: How does the scenery change in Stanza 4 compared to Stanzas 1 and 2?

Method of solution: Read Stanzas 1, 2, and 4 carefully to identify how the scenery has changed.

Detailed solution:

In Stanza 4, the scenery becomes more hurried, almost signaling a separation between the elements. This contrasts with the intimate, close-knit relationships of nature in Stanzas 1 and 2.

After reading

Question 1 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: What do you understand by the word 'duyên' in the title 'Thơ duyên'?

Method of solution:

• Read the entire poem carefully.
• Express your personal understanding of the word 'duyên' in the title 'Thơ duyên'.

Detailed solution:

'Duyên' means a natural connection, something that happens without being planned. In my interpretation, the word 'duyên' in the title 'Thơ duyên' refers to the serendipitous encounters between the elements of nature around us. It symbolizes the connection between 'him' and 'her'.

Question 2 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: Analyze and compare the effects of words, images, rhyme, and rhythm in describing the fall scenery in Stanzas 1 and 4.

Method of solution:

• Read Stanzas 1 and 4 carefully.
• Focus on the special words, images, rhyme, and rhythm in these two stanzas.

Detailed solution:

• Stanza 1:
  • Poet Xuân Diệu uses words to describe the relationships between nature’s elements, like 'harmonizes,' 'rustles,' and 'pours through.' These words evoke a sense of closeness and harmony.
  • The poet uses various images, especially the tamarind tree, a familiar sight in Hanoi's autumn streets, creating a nostalgic and intimate atmosphere.
  • The rhyme 'uyên' (duyên, chuyền, huyền) gives a gentle, tranquil feel, reflecting the calmness of the autumn afternoon.

=> The images harmonizing with the sound of 'the twilight echo' further highlight the scene of a serene autumn evening.

• Stanza 4:
  • The poet uses reduplicative words (like 'hurried,' 'uncertain') to create a sense of distance and change in the emotional landscape.
  • The rhyme 'ân' and the quicker rhythm suggest a faster pace.
  • The familiar image of the countryside (the crane) also reflects the changed mood.

=> The scene feels more distant compared to Stanza 1. The autumn setting becomes melancholic and solitary, set against the vast sky.

Question 3 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: How does the relationship between 'him' and 'her' change in each stanza as the fall scenery evolves? You can refer to the following table:

Method of solution:

• Read the entire poem carefully.
• Pay attention to the changes in nature’s scenery and the relationship between 'him' and 'her.'

Detailed solution:

Stanza

Nature's characteristics

Relationship between 'him' and 'her'

Stanza 1

• Bright and harmonious, with a close, intertwined connection.
• They meet for the first time.

Stanza 2

• Still joyful
• They feel a mutual affection.

Stanza 3

• No mention of nature’s scenery.
• They walk together; 'she' is natural and graceful, while 'he' is captivated by the earth and sky. Their connection seems predestined.

Stanza 4

• Lonely scene in the vast sky.
• Their relationship begins to drift apart.

Stanza 5

• Calm, wandering atmosphere.
• 'He' is lost in thought, realizing he might have fallen for 'her.'

Question 4 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: How does the poet use the fall scene to shape the emotional development between 'him' and 'her'?

Method of solution:

Detailed solution:

The fall scenery plays a crucial role in shaping the developing connection between 'him' and 'her.' The meeting in the autumn afternoon sets the tone for their blossoming feelings, and the changing fall atmosphere mirrors the evolving emotions between them.

Question 5 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: Identify the lyrical subject and the central emotion in the poem.

Method of solution:

• The lyrical subject in the poem is 'him' and 'her.'
• The central emotion is love.

Question 6 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, volume one)

Task: Point out the unique way Xuân Diệu portrays and perceives the autumn nature in 'Thơ duyên' (you may compare it to other autumn poems to highlight this uniqueness).

Method of solution:

Detailed solution:

• Xuân Diệu’s portrayal of the autumn nature in 'Thơ duyên' is both unique and evocative. For instance, in the poem’s closing line 'My heart has already married your heart,' the poet uses 'heart' in place of 'falling in love' or 'marrying'—this is a distinct expression of love.
• While autumn is often associated with melancholy, Xuân Diệu’s poem brings a fresh, youthful energy to the season. Unlike other autumn poems like 'Thu điếu' by Nguyễn Khuyến, 'Thơ duyên' conveys love and vitality, making it the only joyful autumn poem by Xuân Diệu.

Before reading the poem Thơ duyên

Question 1 (page 68, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: Share your unique emotions or interesting observations about the nature around us.

Answer

Nature is full of surprises and wonders. You may enjoy the cool breeze, the large drops of dew resting on the edges of leaves, but by midday, a new feeling arises as the blazing sun shines down. Sometimes, while walking along the street, playing with friends, a sudden downpour surprises you. The sky turns gray, the rain pours heavily, hitting your face, and the wind howls as if a storm is approaching. We quickly seek shelter under the corrugated roof of an old house, watching the rain fall rhythmically, feeling the coolness seep into our bodies... Nature around us offers endless fascinating moments. All you need is to pay attention, to pause for a moment, and you'll feel so much more.

Question 2 (page 68, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: In your imagination, what images, colors, and features define a typical autumn scene?

Answer

In my mind, autumn appears as a season of sweetness. Gone are the scorching, sweltering heat of summer, replaced by the cool, fresh weather, and the clear, expansive skies. As autumn arrives, leaves on the branches turn from green to golden. Every path is bathed in soft, romantic yellow hues, gentle and serene.

Understanding the poem Thơ duyên

Question 1 (page 68, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: Pay attention to the words that show the relationships between objects in the first stanza. What is the relationship between them?

Answer

• Note:
  • Chiều mộng - nhánh duyên.
  • Cây me - cặp chim chuyền.
  • Trời xanh - lá.
• This is a harmonious, intimate relationship. These objects are closely connected, inseparable from one another.

Question 2 (page 68, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: How does the scene in the fourth stanza differ from those in the first and second stanzas?

Answer

• Change: There is a sense of urgency, a quick pace, as if anticipating something ominous. While the previous stanzas conveyed a sense of connection and lasting affection between the objects, in the fourth stanza, there is a sense of impending separation.
• After reading the poem Thơ duyên

Question 1 (page 69, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: What do you understand by the word “duyên” in the title “Thơ duyên”?

Answer

In my opinion, “duyên” here refers to a serendipitous connection, something that happens naturally without planning or arrangement. It symbolizes the destined meeting between objects or individuals.

Question 2 (page 69, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: Analyze and compare the effects of the words, images, rhyme, and rhythm in evoking the autumn evening nature scene in stanzas 1 and 4.

Answer

• Stanza 1: The autumn scene on a dreamy afternoon is filled with emotion.
  • Several words that show connection, such as “hòa,” “cặp,” and “đổ…qua,” illustrate the bond between the elements as autumn arrives. Additionally, the onomatopoeic pair “ríu rít” enhances the intimacy and closeness.
  • The familiar image of the tamarind tree, which many of us recognize on the streets of old Hanoi during autumn, brings us a sense of warmth, nostalgia, and tranquility, conveying a sense of timelessness.
  • Three out of four lines in the stanza use the rhyme “uyên” (duyên, chuyền, huyền), evoking a deep, gentle, and poetic atmosphere.
• Stanza 4: The scene is placed within the vastness of space, no longer as lively as in the first stanza, now portraying a sad, lonely mood.
  • The image of a rice field with herons flying is a familiar, expansive setting, adding to the sense of openness.
  • The reduplicative word “gấp gấp” suggests rapid movement, an urgency, while the word “phân vân” shows indecisiveness, evoking a feeling of hesitation, torn between leaving and staying.
  • Two out of four lines in this stanza use the rhyme “ân” (vân, dần) combined with a faster rhythm, unlike the earlier slower pace, conveying a sense of urgency and suffocating tension.

Question 3 (page 69, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: Considering the different moods and moments in the autumn nature scene, how does the relationship between “him” and “her” evolve through the stanzas? You may refer to the following table (write your answer in your notebook):

Question 4 (page 69, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: What role does the emotion of “him”/“her” towards the autumn evening nature play in shaping and developing their bond?

Answer:

Role: It acts as a catalyst in developing the relationship between “him” and “her.” They meet in an autumn evening, sharing emotions together.

Question 5 (page 69, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: Identify the lyrical subject and the main theme of the poem.

Answer

• Lyrical subject: “him” and “her.”
• Main theme: Love.

Question 6 (page 69, SGK Vietnamese Literature 10, volume 1)

Task: Point out the distinctive features in Xuân Diệu's perception and description of autumn nature in the poem Thơ duyên (you may compare it with other poems to highlight these unique features).

Answer

Distinctive feature: After studying the poet Xuân Diệu and reading his works, it can be affirmed that among all his poems about autumn, this is the only one that does not carry a heavy sense of sadness. The romantic bond in this poem, despite the eventual separation, does not feel overwhelmingly sorrowful; instead, because it is “duyên,” their meeting seems destined, almost as if they have been connected for a long time. In other words, it is fate at play. Moreover, the ending uses the phrase “lòng anh thôi đã cưới lòng em,” which is playful but also full of romance. “He” realizes he has already fallen for “her.” The autumn nature appears with familiar, ordinary images, yet through the careful selection of imagery, choice of words, rhyme, and rhythm, the poem’s soul becomes vibrant and captivating. The elements are closely connected, just like the relationship between the lyrical subjects. This contrasts with the poem “Thu điếu” by Nguyễn Khuyến, where autumn, though beautiful, is filled with melancholy. The space is portrayed from various angles, and the stillness of the scene reflects the quiet sadness within both the setting and emotions.

* Before Reading:

Question 1 (page 68, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): Share any special feelings, observations, or discoveries you have had about the nature around us.

Answer:

• Nature around us holds countless fascinating and surprising elements:
• The moment of seasonal transition.
• The bright yellow of autumn leaves.
• The morning mist draping over tree branches.

Question 2 (page 68, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): In your imagination, what images, colors, and shapes characterize an autumn scene?

Answer:

• The “clear” surface of the water: representing the gentle, pure nature of autumn.
• The blue waves: evoking not only an image but also a cool, gentle shade, possibly reflecting the blue autumn sky.
• The yellow leaves in the wind: a quintessential image and color of autumn in Vietnam.
• The image of the clear blue sky: an intense shade of blue, stretching widely, not the soft cool blue of earlier, but a solid color covering the entire sky.

* During Reading:

Observe: Pay attention to the words that describe the relationships between elements in the first stanza. What kind of relationship is depicted?

Answer:

The word that indicates a relationship: “The pair of birds.” This shows a dual relationship, suggesting closeness and an inseparable bond.

Inference: In the fourth stanza, how does the scene differ from the first and second stanzas?

Answer:

Compared to the first and second stanzas, the scene in the fourth stanza is darker and more rushed. The word “hastily” gives a sense of urgency, in contrast to the calmness of the first two stanzas.

* After Reading:

Main idea: The poem is a serene and beautiful depiction of autumn, mixed with the poet’s emotional response to romantic love.

Answer the question:

Question 1 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): How do you understand the word “duyên” in the title “Thơ duyên”?

Answer:

The word “duyên” generally refers to a connection or fate between people. In the context of Xuân Diệu’s poem “Thơ duyên,” it can be understood as the bond, harmony, and interconnectedness between all things in the universe.

Question 2 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): Analyze and compare the impact of vocabulary, imagery, rhyme, and rhythm in describing the autumn landscape in stanzas 1 and 4.

Answer:

1.

“The dreamy afternoon blends poetry on the branch of fate,

The tamarind tree chimes with the birds flying,

The sky pours emerald blue through countless leaves,

Autumn arrives – everywhere the sound of melody.”

• Content: The imagery of “chiming birds” and “emerald sky” describes a lively, cheerful scene with the “sound of melody” giving a sense of rhythm and life. The color evokes feelings of clarity, while the verb “pour” suggests an abundant, sweeping scene. The phrase “autumn arrives” conveys excitement and joy, like a long-awaited wish come true.
• The rhyme “uyên” in words like “duyên,” “chuyền,” and “huyền” is a perfect rhyme, adding a soft, melodious rhythm to the stanza.
• The use of reduplicative words such as “ríu rít” and “nơi nơi” conveys a sense of brightness, joy, and liveliness.

“The blue clouds rush somewhere,

The stork on the field hesitates.

The bird hears the vast sky, spreading its wings,

The flowers chill as evening mist descends.”

Content: As the evening autumn deepens, the mist thickens. “Chilled flowers” may refer to those dampened by mist or an autumn breeze. The scene grows colder, evoking a sense of melancholy and longing for the reader.

• The fourth stanza uses more “trắc” rhymes, indicating a faster, more hurried tone compared to the first stanza.
• The stanza evokes a broader, more expansive view of autumn, where nature's actions feel quicker, as symbolized by the word “gấp gấp” suggesting urgency.

Question 3 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1):

How do the different moments and moods in the autumn landscape influence the changing relationship between “him” and “her” in the stanzas? Refer to the table below (to be written in your notebook):

Stanza

Autumn Scene

The Bond between “Him” and “Her”

Stanza...

Stanza...

...

Answer:

Stanza

Autumn Scene

The Bond between “Him” and “Her”

1

• The setting is a “dreamy afternoon” – romantic and peaceful, blending with the “poetry on the branch of fate,” evoking a lyrical atmosphere.
• The colors are a bright, joyful green.
• The bond is harmonious and beautiful.

2

• The sunset scene is more intense than in the first stanza.
• “The small winding path, the wind sways,

  The branches faintly bend as the sunlight fades.”

  There is a heart-to-heart connection. In this path, even the smallest emotions are revealed, no matter how much one tries to hide them.

4

• The sunset deepens, the scene becomes broader, and the pace picks up, as the air turns cooler.
• Feelings of restlessness, melancholy, and concern about the coming chill and loneliness.

5

• The stillness of autumn, quiet as if nothing is out of the ordinary.
• Natural harmony and a heightened sense of happiness.

Question 4 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): What role do “his”/“her” feelings toward the autumn scene play in the formation and development of the bond between “him” and “her”?

Answer:

• The autumn scene encourages and harmonizes the emotions between “him” and “her.”
• The connection between nature and people enhances the specialness of the poem’s theme of “duyên.”
• From the uplifting and excited emotions in the peaceful autumn to the uncertainty and hesitation before the evening chill, the relationship unfolds in stages, matching the changing emotional tones of the landscape.
• The final, most harmonious connection is symbolized by “His heart has already wed hers.”

Question 5 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): Identify the lyrical subject and the central inspiration of the poem.

Answer:

• The lyrical subject throughout the poem is “him.” Each stanza expresses the emotions of the lyrical character toward love, described through the autumn landscape.
• Love and emotional responses in love are the central themes that Xuân Diệu conveys.
• The themes of “duyên” and “tình” are developed based on the changes in nature, from dawn to dusk.

Question 6 (page 69, Vietnamese Literature 10, Volume 1): Point out the uniqueness in Xuân Diệu’s depiction of autumn in “Thơ duyên” (you may compare it with other poems to highlight this uniqueness).

Answer:

The uniqueness of Xuân Diệu’s portrayal of autumn in “Thơ duyên” lies in how he describes the scene through the eyes of a soul full of emotion, capable of feeling deeply in love. Nature, which is not new in poetry, has long been a literary device in Vietnamese literature. Poets from the past have used nature to express feelings or to reflect on the world. However, in “Thơ duyên,” Xuân Diệu presents nature with different shades of meaning, where joy and sorrow both manifest in fresh, youthful, and vibrant tones, while still maintaining an underlying tranquility.

The lively autumn scene, full of sound and color, is evident in the first stanza:

“The dreamy afternoon blends poetry on the branch of fate,

The tamarind tree chimes with the birds flying,

The sky pours emerald blue through countless leaves,

Autumn arrives – everywhere the sound of melody.”

It feels as though the poet is not looking at the autumn sky with his eyes but through the passion in his soul, making the scene shimmer with charm and emotion, almost like a love story, though not quite one of romantic love.

In the fourth stanza:

“The blue clouds rush somewhere,

The stork on the field hesitates.

The bird hears the vast sky, spreading its wings,

The flowers chill as evening mist descends.”

By this stanza, Xuân Diệu conveys a sense of nostalgia, longing, and unease. The rushing clouds and the stork’s hesitation create a picture of twilight, filled with the colors of autumn but increasingly poignant.