Top 6 Best Lesson Plans on 'Communication, Texts, and Expression Methods' for 9th Grade

Question 1: Read and answer the following questions:

a) In life, when you have an idea, feeling, or wish that needs to be expressed to others, how would you do it?

b) When you want to convey those thoughts, feelings, or wishes completely and clearly for others to understand, how would you do it?

c) Read the following folk poem and answer the questions:

Anyone, hold on to your resolve

No matter how others change their course, stick to yours.

What do you think? What is the purpose of this folk poem? How do lines 6 and 8 connect with each other in terms of both form and meaning? Does it express a complete idea?

d) Is the principal's speech at the opening ceremony of the school year a text? Why?

e) Is the letter you write to friends or relatives a text? Why?

f) Are things like application letters, poems, folk tales, couplets, wedding invitations, etc., considered texts? Please share any other types of texts you know.

Answer:

a) In life, when I have an idea, feeling, or wish to express, I would speak or write it down.

b) To express these thoughts, feelings, or wishes completely and clearly, I must speak coherently and logically, meaning I must create a text.

c) This folk poem was created to advise people to hold on to their resolve and not be swayed by any circumstances. The theme of the text is maintaining one's resolve. The theme is introduced in line 6, and line 8 elaborates on what it means to 'hold on to your resolve' – to not waver when others change their direction. The rhyme is the linking factor (resolve – course). The connection explains and clarifies the idea from the previous line.

d) The principal's speech at the opening ceremony is a text because it consists of words with a theme. The speech often includes the achievements of the previous year, tasks for the upcoming year, and calls for encouragement for both teachers and students. This is a spoken text.

e) A letter is a written text, with structure and a central theme, usually conveying updates or concern for the recipient.

f) Invitations, application letters, poems, folk tales, and couplets are all considered texts, as they have a purpose, convey information, and have a set structure.

Some other texts: Introduction about a historical site, a literary author, a notable figure, a speech at a student congress…

Question 2: Read the six situations in the textbook on page 17 and select the appropriate text type and expression method.

Answer:

– Two football teams want to request to use the city's stadium: Administrative text – official document.

– Narrating the events of the football match: Descriptive or narrative text.

– Describing beautiful moments in the game: Descriptive text.

– Introducing the history and achievements of the two teams: Explanatory text.

– Expressing love for football: Expressive text.

– Refuting the opinion that football is an expensive sport that negatively affects education and work: Argumentative text.

Exercise for 'Communication, Texts, and Expression Methods' on page 17 of Grade 6 Textbook:

Exercise 1: Read the passages in Exercise 1 – Textbook and identify their expression methods:

Answer:

a) The excerpt from the story 'Tấm Cám' uses a narrative method.

b) The paragraph by Khuất Quang Thụy uses a descriptive method.

c) The passage from the 'Guide for Team Members' uses an argumentative method.

d) The folk poem uses an expressive method.

e) The geography sentence uses an explanatory method.

Exercise 2: The legend of the Dragon and Fairy descendants, what type of text is it? How do you know?

Answer:

The legend of the Dragon and Fairy descendants is a narrative text. This story narrates events and people, with dialogue and actions following a specific sequence that concludes with a meaning (explaining the origins of the Vietnamese people).

I. TEXTS AND MODES OF EXPRESSION

1. Text and Communication Purposes

a) In everyday life, when we have thoughts, feelings, or desires we wish to convey to others, we use language (spoken words) to communicate them.

b) To ensure that our thoughts, emotions, and desires are fully understood by others, we need a text—a sequence of spoken or written words with a unified theme, clear structure, and the appropriate mode of expression.

c) Consider the following folk verse:

"Ai ơi giữ chí cho bền"

"Dù ai xoay hướng đổi nền mặc ai."

- This verse advises perseverance and staying firm in one's convictions, regardless of external changes.

- The rhyme between the six and eight-syllable lines ("bền" and "nền") emphasizes the message of resoluteness, making it a complete expression of a single idea. Therefore, this folk verse qualifies as a text.

2. Types of Texts and Their Modes of Expression

Exercise:

For each of the following communication scenarios, identify the appropriate type of text and mode of expression:

- Two football teams request permission to use the city stadium: Use an administrative and formal type of text with an official tone.

- A football match commentary: Use a narrative text with a storytelling approach.

- Describing impressive football moments: Use a descriptive text with a vivid and detailed style.

- Expressing affection for football: Use an expressive text with an emotive tone.

- Refuting the claim that football is an expensive sport that negatively affects education and work: Use an argumentative text with a persuasive mode.

In conclusion:

A text is a sequence of words, either spoken or written, with a consistent theme, logical flow, and the right expressive modes to achieve communication objectives. There are six main types of texts: narrative, descriptive, expressive, argumentative, explanatory, and administrative/official.

II. PRACTICE EXERCISE

Question 1: Which mode of expression is used in the following excerpts?

a) "One day... Cám said to her sister: Tấm, my dear..."

→ This excerpt is in the narrative mode.

b) "The moon is rising... small waves gently lap against the shore."

→ This excerpt is in the descriptive mode.

c) "To build a prosperous nation... we need talented individuals for the future."

→ This excerpt is in the argumentative mode.

d) "The bamboo grows tall at the temple's edge... And it stands elegantly, all on its own."

→ This poem is in the expressive mode.

e) "If we push the globe... we would observe concentric circles."

→ This excerpt is in the explanatory mode.

Question 2: What type of text is the Legend of the Dragon and the Fairy? Why do you think so?

The Legend of the Dragon and the Fairy is a narrative text.

It narrates the origin story of the Vietnamese people and symbolizes the spirit of unity and the desire for national cohesion across the entire country.

Question 1: Read and answer the following questions:

a) When you have a thought, emotion, or desire that you need to share with others, what do you do?

b) To convey your thoughts, emotions, or desires fully and clearly, what must you do?

c) Read the following folk verse and answer the questions:

"Ai ơi giữ chí cho bền Dù ai xoay hướng đổi nền mặc ai."

What is the purpose of this verse? What message does it convey? How do the two lines connect with each other (in terms of rhyme and meaning)? Does it express a complete idea?

d) Is the speech given by the principal during the school opening ceremony a text? Why?

e) Is the letter you write to friends or family a text?

f) Are invitations to events, application letters, poems, fairy tales (spoken or written), couplets, and wedding invitations all texts? List other texts you know.

a) In everyday life, when you have a thought, feeling, or desire that you need to share with someone, you would speak or write it down.

b) To fully express your thoughts, feelings, or desires to someone else, you must speak coherently, logically, and in an organized manner, which means creating a text.

c) This folk verse was created to advise people to remain steadfast in their determination and not waver under any circumstances. The theme is to maintain one's resolve. The first line introduces the theme, and the second line elaborates, explaining that staying resolute means not being swayed when others change their direction. The rhyme (bền - nền) links the two lines, providing coherence and clarification.

d) The principal's speech at the opening ceremony is indeed a text because it is a sequence of words with a clear theme. The speech typically covers past achievements, outlines the tasks for the new academic year, and encourages students and teachers to succeed. This is a spoken text.

e) A letter is a written text, with a specific form and a continuous theme of informing and showing concern for the recipient.

f) Invitations, application letters, poems, fairy tales, and couplets are all texts because they serve specific purposes, convey information, and follow certain formats.

* Some other types of texts include articles about historical sites, profiles of literary authors, speeches at team meetings, etc.

Question 2: Read the six scenarios in the textbook (p. 17) and identify the appropriate text type and mode of expression:

- Two football teams want to request the use of the city's stadium: Administrative text – formal request.

- A football match commentary: Explanatory or narrative text.

- Describing beautiful football moments: Descriptive text.

- Introducing the formation and achievements of two teams: Explanatory text.

- Expressing love for football: Expressive text.

- Refuting the argument that football is an expensive sport that negatively affects education and work: Argumentative text.

Part I: Introduction to Narrative Texts and Modes of Expression

Answer to Question 1 (Page 15, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

Read and answer the following questions:

a) In everyday life, when you have thoughts, feelings, or desires that you want others to know, how do you express them?

b) When you want to express these thoughts, feelings, or desires completely and clearly so others can understand, how should you do it?

c) Read the following folk verse and answer the questions:

"Ai ơi giữ chí cho bền, Dù ai xoay hướng đổi nền mặc ai."

What is the purpose of this folk verse? What message does it convey? How do the sixth and eighth lines connect (in terms of rhyme and meaning)? Does it fully convey one idea?

d) Is the speech given by the principal during the school opening ceremony considered a text? Why?

đ) Is the letter you write to your friends or family considered a text?

e) Are invitations, application letters, folk tales (whether told orally or written), couplets, wedding invitations, etc., all considered texts? Can you think of other examples of texts?

Detailed Answer:

a) In everyday life, when you have thoughts, feelings, or desires that need to be communicated to someone, you would either speak or write them down.

b) To express those thoughts, feelings, or desires fully and clearly for someone to understand, you need to speak or write in a logical, coherent manner, essentially creating a text.

c) The folk verse is written to express the idea of maintaining personal resolve. It stresses staying firm and unwavering in any circumstance. The sixth line introduces the theme, while the eighth line elaborates on it, explaining that remaining resolute means not yielding to external changes. The rhyme links the two lines (bền - nền), and the meaning logically follows from one line to the next.

d) The principal’s speech at the school’s opening ceremony is a text because it consists of a series of words with a central theme. The theme typically involves reflecting on past achievements, outlining goals for the upcoming school year, and encouraging teachers and students to work together for success. This is an oral text.

đ) A letter is a written text that follows a structure and communicates a central theme, usually conveying updates or expressing care for the recipient.

e) Invitations, application letters, poems, folk tales, couplets, and wedding invitations are all texts because they serve a purpose, provide information, and follow specific formats.

* Other examples of texts include an introduction to a historical site, a profile of a literary figure, a speech at a club meeting, and more.

Answer to Question 2 (Page 16, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

For the following communication scenarios, choose the appropriate text type and mode of expression:

Detailed Answer:

- Two football teams wish to request permission to use the city stadium: Administrative - Official document: Application letter.

- Reporting on the events of a football match: Narrative text.

- Describing the beautiful moments in the football match: Descriptive text.

- Introducing the history and achievements of two football teams: Explanatory text.

- Expressing love for football: Expressive text.

- Refuting the argument that football is an expensive sport that negatively affects education and work: Argumentative text.

Part II: PRACTICE

Answer to Question 1 (Page 17, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

What mode of expression do the following paragraphs or verses belong to?

a) One day, Mother Cám gave Tấm and Cám each a basket and asked them to catch shrimp and fish. She promised that whoever filled their basket would receive a red sash. Tấm, being diligent and afraid of her aunt’s scolding, worked hard all day and filled her basket with both shrimp and fish. Cám, used to being spoiled, was more interested in playing and didn’t catch anything until late in the day. When she saw that Tấm had filled her basket, Cám said to her:

"Sister Tấm, oh sister Tấm!"

Your head is muddy,

You're diving too deep,

Or Auntie will scold you.

Tấm, thinking it was true, dove in, and Cám quickly switched the contents of their baskets, taking Tấm’s catch and running home.

(Tấm Cám)

b) The moon is rising. The surface of the river sparkles with golden light. The Trùm Cát Mountain stands tall beside the river, a solid mass of dark purple, majestic and quiet. Under the moonlight, the river glows brightly, and the small waves gently lap against the sandbanks.

(Khuất Quang Thụy, In the Storm)

c) To build a prosperous nation, we need many talented people. To have many talented people, students must work hard in their studies and physical training because only through education and training can they become the skilled individuals of the future.

(Excerpt from Guidebook for Team Members)

d) The bamboo is beautiful, growing at the end of the village,

And the girl is lovely, standing alone, still beautiful.

(Folk verse)

đ) If we push the globe to rotate from the left hand to the right, which we call west to east, most points on the globe’s surface will move, change position, and trace out circular paths.

(From Geography 6)

Detailed Answer:

a) The passage from the Tấm Cám story follows the narrative mode of expression.

b) The passage from Khuất Quang Thụy follows the descriptive mode of expression.

c) The excerpt from the Guidebook for Team Members follows the argumentative mode of expression.

d) The folk verse follows the expressive mode of expression.

đ) The excerpt from Geography follows the explanatory mode of expression.

Answer to Question 2 (Page 18, Vietnamese Literature 6, Volume 1):

What type of text is the Dragon and Fairy Legend? How do you know?

Detailed Answer:

The Dragon and Fairy Legend is a narrative text because it tells a story with characters, dialogue, and actions that follow a certain sequence, ultimately reaching a conclusion that conveys a meaning (explaining and venerating the origin of the Vietnamese people).

I. Understanding Texts and Modes of Expression

1. Texts and the Purpose of Communication

Example: Consider the questions on pages 15 and 16 of the textbook.

Answer:

a. When you have an idea, feeling, or desire that you need to share with someone, you will either speak or write it down.

b. To express these thoughts, feelings, or desires in a complete and clear way for someone else to understand, you must organize your words logically and coherently, meaning you need to create a text.

c. Oh, hold on to your determination

Even if others change their course, don't be swayed.

This folk rhyme was created to advise people to stay true to their convictions, no matter what happens. The main theme of the text is to maintain your determination, which is clearly explained in the following line. It encourages us not to waver even if others change their opinions.

d. The speech delivered by the principal during the opening ceremony of the school year is also considered a text because it consists of organized words around a central theme. It’s a spoken text.

e. A letter is a written text, following a certain format, with a unified theme that conveys a situation and expresses concern for the recipient.

f. Invitations, applications, poems, folktales, and couplets are all considered texts because they have a clear purpose, convey information, and follow specific structures.

Other examples of texts: Leave requests, your speech at a closing ceremony, articles, etc.

2. Types of Texts and Corresponding Modes of Expression

Example: Choose the appropriate type of text and its mode of expression:

1. Two football teams requesting permission to use the city’s stadium

2. Narrating the events of a football match

3. Describing beautiful moments in a match

4. Introducing the history and achievements of the two teams

5. Expressing love for football

6. Arguing that football is an expensive sport that negatively impacts studying and work.

Answer:

1. Administrative - Official

2. Narrative Text

3. Descriptive Text

4. Expository Text

5. Expressive Text

6. Argumentative Text

Key Takeaways:

Communication is the act of transmitting and receiving thoughts and emotions through language.

A text is a series of words—spoken or written—that has a unified theme, logical flow, and employs the appropriate mode of expression to achieve its communication purpose.

There are six common types of texts, each with its corresponding mode of expression: narrative, descriptive, expressive, argumentative, expository, and administrative. Each type serves a unique communicative purpose.

Practice

Question 1: What mode of expression does each of the following passages belong to?

a. One day, Mother Cam gave each of the sisters Tấm and Cam a basket and asked them to go catch shrimp and fish. She promised a red scarf to the one who filled their basket first. Tấm, diligent and fearful of being scolded, worked tirelessly all day and filled her basket with shrimp and fish. Cam, spoiled and playful, didn’t catch anything by evening. Seeing Tấm’s full basket, Cam tricked her sister:

Tấm, oh Tấm!

Your head is dirty,

Duck down deeper,

Or you’ll be scolded when you get home.

Tấm, thinking it was true, ducked down, and Cam took all of Tấm’s shrimp and fish and ran home first.

(The story of Tấm Cám)

b. The moon is rising. The surface of the river gleams with golden light. Mount Trum Cat stands tall beside the riverbank, casting a deep purple shadow, majestic and silent. Under the moonlight, the river shines brightly, the gentle waves ripple, caressing the sandy shores.

(Khuất Quang Thụy, In the Storm)

c. To build a prosperous nation, we need many talented people. To have talented people, students must work hard at both academics and physical training, because only through study and exercise can they become talented individuals in the future.

(From Team Guide Materials)

d. Bamboo is beautiful, growing at the head of the village

And the girl stands alone, looking even more beautiful.

(Folk Poetry)

e. If we push the globe to rotate around its axis from left to right, which we call the west-to-east direction, most points on the globe will move, change position, and trace out circles.

(From Geography 6)

Answer:

a. Mode of Expression: Narrative

b. Mode of Expression: Descriptive

c. Mode of Expression: Argumentative

d. Mode of Expression: Expressive

e. Mode of Expression: Expository

Question 2: What type of text is the Legend of the Dragon and the Fairy? Why do you think so?

Answer:

The Legend of the Dragon and the Fairy is a narrative text.

Because the events in the story unfold sequentially, with each event leading to the next, highlighting the main idea and its significance.

I. General Overview of Texts and Modes of Expression

1. Texts and Communication Purposes

Answer for question a (Page 15, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):

a. To convey thoughts and feelings to others, one must use spoken or written language.

Answer for question b (Page 16, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):

b. A sentence typically conveys a fairly complete idea, but to express a full, clear meaning, a single sentence is often not sufficient.

To fully communicate one’s thoughts, one must construct a coherent text (whether spoken or written) with a unified theme, logical connection, and appropriate mode of expression to achieve the communication goal.

Answer for question c (Page 16, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):

c. The following folk verse:

"Anyone, hold onto your resolve tightly, Though others may change their course, don’t be swayed."

- This is meant to advise people.

- The theme: maintaining firm resolve.

- These two lines of poetry (lục bát) are linked together:

+ Phonetically: 'bền' and 'nền' are elements that connect the two lines (6 – 8 syllables).

+ Semantically, the second line clarifies the meaning of 'bền' as unshaken, not swayed when others change their direction. This relationship between the two lines is one of explanation, where the latter explains the former.

- These two verses together convey a complete idea.

- This is a text.

Answer for question d (Page 16, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):

d. A speech by the principal during the opening ceremony is a text because:

- It has a theme: about the opening ceremony.

- It is coherent, with clear and logical structure.

- It uses an appropriate mode of expression, making it easy for students, teachers, and guests to understand.

Answer for question đ (Page 16, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):

đ. A letter you write to a friend or family member is a text, as it contains content and a clear theme.

Answer for question e (Page 16, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):

e.

- An application letter, a poem, and a folk tale are all texts with a communication purpose, conveying information in a specific format.

- Other examples include: a novel, a resolution, a fine payment receipt, or an application for leave.

A text is a string of spoken or written words with a unified theme, coherent structure, and an appropriate mode of expression to achieve communication goals.

2. Types of Texts and Modes of Expression

There are 6 types of texts, each corresponding to one of the 6 modes of expression:

• Narrative: Describes the sequence of events.
• Descriptive: Depicts the state of things or people.
• Expressive: Conveys emotions and feelings.
• Expository: Presents arguments or discussions.
• Informative: Introduces features, characteristics, or methods.
• Administrative: Expresses decisions or responsibilities between people.

Exercise (Page 17, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1)
Exercise: For each communication situation, choose the appropriate text type and mode of expression:
– Two soccer teams request permission to use the city’s stadium (Administrative)
– A report on the football match’s progress (Narrative)
– Describing the beautiful moments in the football game (Descriptive)
– Introducing the history and achievements of the two teams (Informative)
– Expressing love for football (Expressive)
– Debunking the claim that football is an expensive sport that negatively impacts studies and work (Expository)

III. Practice
Question 1: Communication purpose of the texts:
Answer for question a – Practice (Page 17, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):
a. Retelling the story of how Tấm was deceived by Cám and lost all her shrimp. (Narrative)
Answer for question b – Practice (Page 18, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):
b. Describing the moonlit night scene. (Descriptive)
Answer for question c – Practice (Page 18, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):
c. Encouraging students to study and practice. (Expository)
Answer for question d – Practice (Page 18, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):
d. Expressing one’s feelings. (Expressive)
Answer for question đ – Practice (Page 18, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):
đ. Explaining the Earth’s rotation. (Informative)

Answer for question 2 (Page 18, 6th Grade Vietnamese Language Textbook, Volume 1):
Answer: The myth of the Dragon and the Fairy recounts the origin of the Vietnamese people. Thus, it belongs to the narrative text type.