Top 6 Best Lesson Plans on 'Independent Components' (Continued) for 9th Grade

A. KEY CONCEPTS

I- VOCATIVE COMPONENTS

In the following passages from Kim Lân's short story 'The Village,' identify the words used for calling and answering, then respond to the questions.

a) – Hey, do you know why the gunshots have been so loud these past few days?

b) – Where are you from, sir?

Mr. Hai placed the bowl of water down and asked. A quick-talking woman responded:

- Sir, we are from Gia Lam.

Questions:

1. Which words are used to call, and which words are used to respond?

2. Do the words used to call or respond contribute to the main meaning of the sentence?

3. Among the bolded words in the sentences, which one establishes the conversation?

Answers:

1. 'Hey' is used for calling, and 'Sir' is used for responding.

2. The words used to call or respond do not contribute to the core meaning of the sentence.

3. 'Hey' is used to initiate the conversation.

II- APPOSITIVE COMPONENTS

Read the following sentences and answer the questions:

a) When he left, his first-born daughter – also his only child – was not yet one year old.

(Nguyễn Quang Sáng, The Ivory Comb)

b) He doesn’t understand me, I think, and that makes me even sadder.

Questions:

a. If the bolded words are omitted, will the meaning of each sentence change? Why or why not?

b. In sentence (a), which phrase is added to elaborate on the noun phrase 'his first-born daughter'?

c. In sentence (b), what does the subject-predicate phrase 'I think' explain?

Answers:

a. The meaning of the sentences remains unchanged without the bolded words, as they only add extra detail to the core message without altering the overall meaning.

b. The phrase 'also his only child' elaborates on 'his first-born daughter.'

c. The phrase 'I think' indicates that the character’s belief 'He doesn’t understand me' is solely from the character's perspective and may not be true.

III- REMEMBER

The vocative and appositive components are also considered independent components.
Vocative components are used to initiate or maintain a conversation.
Appositive components add extra details to the main content of the sentence. These components are often placed between dashes, commas, parentheses, or a combination of a dash and a comma. Sometimes, appositive components are placed between colons.

B. EXERCISES AND SOLUTIONS

Exercise 1: Page 32, Literature 9, Volume 2

Identify the vocative components in the following excerpt and indicate which words are used for calling and which for responding. What kind of relationship exists between the caller and the respondent (superior or inferior, formal or informal)?

- Hey, if you have a place to hide, then go. Otherwise, just lie there. When they come for the tax collection, if they don't find it, they'll beat you, and that’s misery. If I have to get a beating after all these months of hiding, it’ll be even worse.

- Yes, I’ve thought the same as you. But let the soup cool down first, then I’ll have a little. I’ve been starving since morning.

(Ngô Tất Tố, Turning Off the Lights)

Answer:

'Hey' is the calling component.
'Yes' is the responding component.

The relationship between the caller and the respondent here is one of respect and formality.

Exercise 2: Page 3, Literature 9, Volume 2
Identify the vocative component in the following proverb and specify who it addresses:

The gourd, oh gourd, take care of the pumpkin,
Though of different types, we grow together on the same vine.

Answer:

The vocative component is 'The gourd, oh gourd.' This phrase is not directed at any specific individual but symbolically refers to the people of the same nation, sharing the same history and traditions.

Exercise 3: Page 33, Literature 9, Volume 2
Identify the appositive components in the following excerpts and explain what they add:

a) We all – even you – thought the little girl would stay still.

(Nguyễn Quang Sáng, The Ivory Comb)

b) Education means liberation. It opens the door to peace, justice, and equality. Those who hold the key to this door – teachers, parents, especially mothers – bear a tremendous responsibility, because the world we leave for future generations depends on the children we raise.

(Frederico Mayo, Education – The Key to the Future)

c) Entering the new century, to 'stand side by side with the great powers of the five continents,' we must fill our backpacks with strengths and shed weaknesses. The first crucial step is to ensure that the younger generation – the real owners of the country in the next century – understands this and becomes accustomed to good habits, even in the smallest things.

(Vũ Khoan, Preparing for the New Century)

d) The little girl next door (who would have thought)
Has joined the guerrilla forces
She still smiled when she met me
Her eyes were round (so adorable).

(Giang Nam, Homeland)

Answer:

a) The phrase 'even you' adds detail to 'everyone.'

b) The phrase 'teachers, parents, especially mothers' adds specificity to 'those who hold the key to the door.'

c) The phrase 'the real owners of the country in the next century' clarifies the role of the younger generation in the future of the nation.

d) The phrase 'who would have thought' and 'so adorable' explain the speaker’s attitude toward the event and the child.

Exercise 4: Page 33, Literature 9, Volume 2
Identify the relation of each appositive component in Exercise 3 to the preceding words:

Answer:

The phrase 'even you' relates to 'everyone.'
The phrase 'teachers, parents, especially mothers' relates to 'those who hold the key to the door.'
The phrase 'who would have thought' and 'so adorable' relate to 'the little girl next door.'

Exercise 5: Page 33, Literature 9, Volume 2
Write a short paragraph presenting your thoughts on how youth should prepare for the new century, including a sentence with an appositive component.

Answer:

Entering the new century – a century full of promise yet also challenges – individuals, especially youth, must prepare for their journey. We are entering a time of global integration and growth, requiring all individuals to be equipped with knowledge, skills, and good character traits. Vietnamese youth need to develop qualities such as diligence, precision, resilience, and the courage to speak up. Education and hands-on experience are the keys to success. By acquiring knowledge and practical skills, youth can face the challenges ahead, ensuring a brighter future for themselves and the nation.

I. Call-Response Components:
Read the following excerpts (taken from the short story *Làng* by Kim Lân) and answer the questions.

a) – Hey, do you know where the gunshots have been coming from these past few days? They sound so sharp.

b) – Where are you all from? We are from Gia Lâm.

Mr. Hai put down his bowl of water and asked. A quick-talking woman answered:

– Sir, we are from Gia Lâm. (bolded word 'Sir')
1. In the bolded words above, which words are used to call and which are used to respond?

2. Do the words used to call or respond affect the meaning of the events described in the sentence?

3. Among the bolded words, which are used to initiate the conversation, and which are used to maintain the ongoing conversation?
Answer
1. Among the bolded words, 'Sir' is used for calling, and the phrase 'Sir' is used for responding.

2. These words are used for calling and responding; they do not participate in the main event of the sentence.

3. The word 'Sir' is used to establish the conversation, while the phrase 'Sir' serves to maintain the ongoing conversation.

II. Parenthetical Components:
Read the following sentences and answer the questions.

a) When he left, his first-born daughter – and also his only daughter – was not yet one year old.
(Nguyễn Quang Sáng, *The Ivory Comb*)
b) The old man doesn’t understand me, I thought, and it made me even more sorrowful.
(Nam Cao, *Lão Hạc*)
1. If the bolded words are omitted, would the meaning of each sentence change? Why or why not?
2. In sentence (a), what do the bolded words clarify?
3. In sentence (b), what do the bolded subject-predicate components explain?
Answer
1. If the bolded words are omitted, the meaning of the sentences would remain unchanged.

2. The phrase 'and also his only daughter' clarifies the phrase 'first-born daughter'.

3. The subject-predicate phrase 'I thought' explains why the old man did not understand me.

II. Practice Exercises:

Exercise 1 – Practice - Page 32, *9th Grade Literature, Volume 2*: Find the call-response components in the following excerpt and identify which word is used for calling and which is used for responding. What is the relationship between the caller and the respondent (superior-inferior or equals, formal or informal)?

– Hey, tell him to stay where he is. If he tries to escape, they will come and tax him. If they can't find him, they'll tie him up, which will be worse. He's so weak, another beating will be unbearable. He's been in bed for months.

– Yes, I’ve thought about it, but let me feed my family first, let them eat something, we haven’t had anything since yesterday.

(Ngô Tất Tố, *Lights Out*)
Answer
– 'Hey' is used for calling – 'Yes' is used for responding. The relationship between the caller and the respondent is one of superior-inferior, yet informal and familiar.

Exercise 2 – Practice - Page 32, *9th Grade Literature, Volume 2*: Find the call-response components in the following folk verse and identify who the call-response is directed towards.
'Bầu ơi thương lấy bí cùng, Tuy rằng khác giống nhưng chung một giàn.'
Answer
– Call-response component: 'Bầu ơi.'

- This call is directed at the general public. The verse encourages the people of a country to unite for a common good, despite differences.

Exercise 3 – Practice - Page 33, *9th Grade Literature, Volume 2*: Identify the parenthetical components in the following excerpts and explain what they add.
a) We, everyone – including you – thought the child would just stand still.
(Nguyễn Quang Sáng, *The Ivory Comb*)
b) Education is liberation. It opens the door to peace, equality, and justice. Those who hold the keys to this door – teachers, parents, especially mothers – carry a tremendous responsibility, for the world we leave to future generations will depend on the children we nurture today.
(Phê-đê-ri-cô May-o, *Education – The Key to the Future*)
c) Entering the new century, to 'stand shoulder to shoulder with the great powers of the five continents,' we must arm ourselves with strengths and discard weaknesses. The first step, crucial to our success, is to prepare the youth – the true owners of the country in the coming century – to recognize this and adopt good habits, starting with the smallest actions.
(Vũ Khoan, *Preparing the Youth for the New Century*)
d) The girl next door (who would have thought) is also in the resistance. She greets me with a smile, her eyes shining (oh, how dear she is).
(Giang Nam, *Homeland*)
Answer
a. 'Including you' explains the phrase 'everyone'. b. 'Teachers, parents, especially mothers' explains those who hold the keys to education. c. 'The true owners of the country in the coming century' explains the phrase 'youth today'. d. 'Who would have thought' expresses surprise; 'Oh, how dear she is' shows affectionate feelings.

Exercise 4 – Practice - Page 33, *9th Grade Literature, Volume 2*: Identify how the parenthetical components in each sentence from Exercise 3 relate to previous words.

Answer
a. Related to the subject of the sentence

b. Related to the subject of the sentence

c. Related to the modifier

d. 'Who would have thought' relates to the two lines 'The girl next door / Is also in the resistance'; 'Oh, how dear she is' relates to 'Her eyes shining.'

Exercise 5 – Practice - Page 33, *9th Grade Literature, Volume 2*: Write a short paragraph expressing your thoughts on how young people are preparing to step into the new century, including a sentence with a parenthetical component.

Answer
Write a short paragraph expressing your thoughts on how young people are preparing to step into the new century, including a sentence with a parenthetical component.

- The youth’s preparation for the new century involves several factors.

- These include health, knowledge, and moral qualities that are essential to humanity.

- These are the social moral standards that each person needs to build a more civilized and progressive nation.

- Therefore, the youth – the true future owners of the country – must recognize their roles and responsibilities to fully prepare for the future.

I. CALL-RESPONSE COMPONENTS

Suggested Answers:

1. In the bolded terms in the excerpt, the word used for calling is 'Sir', and the phrase 'Sir' is used for responding.

2. Words used to call someone or to respond to a call do not contribute to the main event described in the sentence.

3. Among the bolded terms, the word 'Sir' is used to initiate communication, and the phrase 'Sir' helps to maintain the conversation.

II. PARENTHESES COMPONENTS

Suggested Answers:

1. Omitting the bolded words does not change the meaning of the sentences above; they remain complete.

2. In sentence (a), the bolded words clarify 'the first-born daughter'.

3. In sentence (b), the subject-predicate phrase 'I thought' refers to the author's internal thoughts, while the other subject-predicate phrases express the author’s narrative.

Note: - The call-response components and parenthetical elements are also independent components.

- The call-response component is used to initiate or maintain a communicative relationship.

- The parenthetical components are used to add details to the main content of the sentence. They are typically enclosed by dashes, commas, parentheses, or a combination of dashes and commas.

III. PRACTICE EXERCISES

1. The call-response components: 'Hey' (used to call) and 'Yes' (used to respond). The relationship between the caller and the respondent is one of superiority-subordination and informal familiarity.

2. The call-response component is 'Bầu ơi'. This call is directed at the public in general (the gourd, the pumpkin, and the trellis serve as metaphors for people in a nation who, despite differences, share a deep connection).

3. The parenthetical components are:

a) 'Including you'

b) 'Teachers, parents, especially mothers'

c) 'The true owners of the country in the coming century'

d) 'Who would have thought', 'Oh, how dear she is.'

3. a) 'Including you' (clarifies 'we, everyone').

b) 'Teachers, parents, especially mothers' (provides additional explanation for those who hold the keys to this door, specifying who they are and who holds the most important role).

c) 'The true owners of the country in the coming century' (explains who the youth of today will be in the future).

d) 'Who would have thought' (expresses surprise from the speaker – 'I') and 'Oh, how dear she is' (shows affection from the speaker – 'I').

5. Students are encouraged to write a short paragraph expressing their thoughts on how young people are preparing for the new century, including a sentence with a parenthetical component.

I. Calling and Responding Components
1. The word 'this' is used for calling, while 'sir' is used in response.
2. These words, when used for calling or responding, do not contribute to the meaning of the sentence.
3. The word 'this' initiates the conversation; 'sir' maintains it.

II. Supplemental Components
1. Removing the bolded words does not change the meaning of the sentences, as these words are additional elements providing further explanation.
2. The bolded phrase 'and also his only child' provides clarification for 'his first daughter'.
3. The phrase 'I think so' adds meaning to the subject-predicate construction 'he does not understand me.'

Practice
Exercise 1 (Page 32, 9th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2)
The calling component (calling), 'yes' (response) illustrates a hierarchical, informal relationship between the speaker and the responder.

Exercise 2 (Page 32, 9th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2)
The calling component: 'pumpkin, oh pumpkin.' This is a call directed towards everyone, metaphorically referring to people who are part of the same community, sharing a close relationship.

Exercise 3 (Page 33, 9th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2)
a. 'Including you' adds further clarification to the group being mentioned.
b. 'Teachers, parents, and especially mothers' further explains the phrase 'those holding the key to this door.'
c. 'The true leaders of the nation in the coming century' clarifies 'the younger generation.'
d. 'Who could have known' adds an element of surprise from the speaker.
'How deeply I feel for her' expresses the author's affection for the character 'the girl next door'.

Exercise 4 (Page 33, 9th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2)
Supplemental components related to previous terms or phrases:
a. 'Everyone'
b. 'Those holding the key to this door'
c. 'The younger generation'
d. 'The girl next door'
'Her round black eyes.'

Exercise 5 (Page 33, 9th Grade Literature Textbook, Volume 2)
The country is in an era of integration, as if entering a new century—a period of global economic integration. Hence, youth is the backbone and must lead the way. The essential tools are skills, knowledge, and moral character—key factors for confidently entering this new phase with a higher level of labor intensity. Only by preparing thoroughly can we lift our country out of poverty and backwardness, positioning ourselves alongside the world's greatest powers.

Part I: CALLING AND RESPONDING ELEMENTS

Answer to question 1 (page 31 of Literature 9, volume 2):

- The word 'this' is used for calling.

- The phrase 'sir' is used for responding.

Answer to question 2 (page 31 of Literature 9, volume 2):

The calling and responding elements in these sentences do not contribute to expressing the main event of the sentence.

Answer to question 3 (page 31 of Literature 9, volume 2):

- The word 'this' is used to establish a conversation.

- The phrase 'sir' is used to maintain the conversation.

Part II: EXPLANATORY ELEMENTS

Answer to question 1 (page 32 of Literature 9, volume 2):

- The meaning of the sentences does not change if the bolded words are omitted.

- This is because the main content of the sentence is not part of this element.

Answer to question 2 (page 32 of Literature 9, volume 2):

The phrase 'and also the only daughter of him' clarifies 'the firstborn daughter.'

Answer to question 3 (page 32 of Literature 9, volume 2):

The subject-predicate phrase 'I think so' explains that 'he doesn't understand me' is just my guess and may not be true for him, reflecting the speaker's attitude.

Part III: PRACTICE

Answer to question 1 (page 32 of Literature 9, volume 2):

- Calling and responding elements: 'this' (for calling), 'yes' (for responding)

- These express hierarchical and familiar relationships.

Answer to question 2 (page 32 of Literature 9, volume 2):

- Calling element: 'Hey, folks.'

- This is a call directed to everyone in general.

Answer to question 3 (page 33 of Literature 9, volume 2):

Explanatory elements:

a. Including you

b. Teachers, parents, especially mothers

c. The true owners of the country in the new century

d. Who would have guessed

- 'So pitiful' relates to the sentence 'Her round black eyes.'

Answer to question 4 (page 33 of Literature 9, volume 2):

Related terms:

a. 'Including you' refers to the subject of the sentence: Us, everyone.

b. 'Teachers, parents, especially mothers' relates to the subject of the sentence: The future leaders...

c. 'The true owners of the country in the coming century' relates to the complement of the young generation.

d. 'Who would have guessed' links to the sentences 'The neighbor girl' / 'Also a guerrilla.'

Answer to question 5 (page 33 of Literature 9, volume 2):

Preparing for the future century is a remarkable, unique text. The author stands at the forefront of the new era, with a self-reliant will to communicate with the younger generation about the strengths and weaknesses of our people, encouraging young Vietnamese to rise to fulfill historical missions. And the ones tasked with this great responsibility are none other than us – the passionate youth, and the future leaders of the country. More than anyone else, youth must swiftly acquire knowledge and apply it in the nation's industrialization and modernization efforts. Only then can the country quickly escape poverty, backwardness, and integrate with the global economy, ensuring sustainable national development.

Basic Knowledge

• The components for calling, responding, and adding extra notes are also independent elements.

• The calling-response component is used to establish or maintain a communicative relationship.

• The extra-note component is used to add details to the main content of a sentence. It is often placed between two dashes, two commas, parentheses, or between a dash and a comma. Sometimes, it appears after a colon.

1. The calling-response component (CR) is used to create or maintain communication.

2. The extra-note component (EN) is used to add more detail to the core message of the sentence (explaining words or expressing the speaker's attitude).

Calling-Response Component

Read the following excerpts (from the short story "Làng" by Kim Lân) and answer the questions.

a) - Hey, do you know where the gunshots have been fired these past few days? They sound so sharp.

b) - Where are you all from? Please tell us.

Mr. Hai put down his bowl of water and asked. A quick-talking woman responded:

- Sir, we are from Gia Lâm.

1. Which words in bold are used for calling and which are used for responding?

2. Do the words used for calling or responding contribute to the main meaning of the sentence?

3. Which of the bold words are used to initiate a conversation, and which ones are used to continue the ongoing conversation?

Answer

1: The word used for calling is "hey", and the word used for responding is "sir".

2: The calling-response words do not contribute to the main meaning of the sentence.

3: The word "hey" in sentence (a) is used to start the conversation, and the phrase "sir" in sentence (b) is used to continue the conversation.

Extra-Note Component

Read the following sentences and answer the questions.

a) When he left, his first daughter – and also his only child, was less than a year old.

(Nguyễn Quang Sáng, "Chiếc lược ngà")

b) He didn’t understand me, I thought, and I felt even sadder.

(Nam Cao, "Lão Hạc")

1. If the bold words are removed, does the meaning of the sentence change? Why or why not?

2. In sentence (a), which bold phrase adds clarification to which part of the sentence?

3. In sentence (b), which phrase adds an explanation to the subject-predicate structure?

Answer

1. If the bold components are removed, the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged, because the subject and predicate are still intact and maintain the main meaning of the sentence.

2. The phrase "and also his only child" adds clarification to "his first daughter".

3. The subject-predicate phrase "I thought" explains that the character was unsure about the phrase "he didn’t understand me" and also justifies why the speaker became sadder.

Exercises

Question 1 - Page 32 of the Textbook

Identify the calling-response components in the following excerpt and explain which word is used for calling and which is used for responding. What kind of relationship exists between the caller and the responder (hierarchical or equal, formal or informal)?

Answer

The calling-response components are: "hey" (for calling), and "yes" (for responding). The relationship between the caller and the responder is a hierarchical one, and it is informal.

Question 2 - Page 32 of the Textbook

Identify the calling-response components in the following folk verse and explain to whom the call-response is directed.

"Bầu ơi thương lấy bí cùng,

Tuy rằng khác giống, nhưng chung một giàn"

Answer

The calling-response component is "Bầu ơi". This call is directed to everyone in general (using "bầu", "bí", and "giàn" as metaphors for the people of the nation, who, although different, are connected).

Question 3 - Page 33 of the Textbook

Identify the extra-note components in the following excerpts and explain what they add.

Answer

The extra-note components are: a) "Including you" (adds information for "us, everyone").

b) "Teachers, parents, especially mothers" (explains further who holds the key to understanding this statement and emphasizes the importance of the role of mothers).

c) "The real owners of the country in the new century" (explains who the future leaders will be for the next generation).

d) "Who could have guessed" (shows the speaker's astonishment about the situation).

Question 4 - Page 33 of the Textbook

Indicate which words each extra-note component refers to from the previous exercises.

Answer

a) refers to "everyone"

b) refers to "those who hold the key to the door".

c) refers to "the younger generation".

d) refers to "the little girl" and "her round, dark eyes".

Question 5 - Page 33 of the Textbook

Write a short paragraph expressing your thoughts on how youth should prepare for the new century, incorporating a sentence that contains an extra-note component.

Sample Paragraph

We students go to school early in the morning – sometimes even in the afternoon or evening – but among a hundred students, how many are truly eager to learn and expand their knowledge?

If a student genuinely seeks to expand their knowledge, why do they wait until before the test to study? Why do they not ask the teacher when they don’t understand something in class and instead wait until the exam is near to copy from others?

Isn’t this student passionate about learning? Or is this simply an attitude of rote learning and avoidance?