Top 6 Best Lesson Plans on "Text Cohesion" for 7th Grade

I. TEXTUAL COHESION AND THE MEANS OF COHESION IN WRITING

Question 1 - Page 17 in the Textbook

The cohesion of a text

a) Do you think that if Enrique's father only wrote like this, Enrique would be able to understand what his father meant?

- Read the following passage:

In front of the teacher, I was disrespectful to my mother. Father remembers, a few years ago, my mother had to stay up all night, bending over the crib, watching my labored breath, struggling with fear, crying loudly at the thought that she could lose me! Think about it, Enrique! A mother who is ready to give up a whole year of happiness to spare her child an hour of pain, who can beg for food to support her child, and who is willing to sacrifice her life to save her child! Alright, for a while, don't kiss me.

b) If Enrique still doesn't understand what his father wants to say, why is that? Consider the following reasons:

- Because the sentence is not grammatically correct;

- Because the sentence lacks clarity;

- Because the sentences are not connected, resulting in weak cohesion.

c) So, what qualities must the paragraph have to be understandable?

Answer

a) If only this paragraph were present, Enrique would not be able to understand his father's message.

b) Because the sentences are not connected, the cohesion is weak.

c) Each sentence in the paragraph is complete, with clear content. However, when the sentences are loosely connected, the meaning is not conveyed effectively. To ensure others understand your point, the writer (or speaker) must organize a strong link between the sentences.

Question 2 - Page 18 in the Textbook

Means of cohesion in writing

a) Carefully read the passage above and explain what is missing that makes it hard to understand. Then, revise the passage so that Enrique can understand his father's message.

b) Point out the lack of cohesion in the following passage and fix it:

One day, far in the future, you will know what it's like to not be able to sleep. Sleep comes to you as easily as drinking a glass of milk or eating a candy. The serene face of the child leans against the soft pillow, her lips slightly parted, occasionally pursing as if sucking on candy.

c) From these two passages, draw your own conclusions:

- What kind of text is considered cohesive?

- What means must sentences in a text use to ensure cohesion?

Answer

a) In the passage above, it is unclear because it lacks the idea of "the child's rudeness being like a knife piercing the father's heart" after Enrique's disrespectful act toward his mother and "Remembering this, the father couldn't contain his anger". To make it understandable to Enrique, these ideas should be added.

b) The passage:

One day, far in the future, you will know what it's like to not be able to sleep. Sleep comes to you as easily as drinking a glass of milk or eating a candy. The serene face of the child leans against the soft pillow, her lips slightly parted, occasionally pursing as if sucking on candy.

- This passage lacks cohesion because the sentences do not connect to one another.

- This passage is taken from the story "The Gate of the School Opens." To make it meaningful, simply add "But now" before the second sentence and replace the word "the child" with "you" in the third sentence.

c) A cohesive text must ensure that the content of sentences and paragraphs is unified and strongly connected. In addition to this, sentences must be linked by appropriate language tools (words, phrases, or connecting sentences).

EXERCISES

Question 1 - Page 18 in the Textbook

Rearrange the following sentences into a logical order to form a cohesive paragraph.

(1) A city official concluded the award ceremony with these words: (2) He pointed his hand toward the teachers seated along the hallways. (3) The teachers stood up, waved their hats, waved their scarves in response, all of them moved by the display of affection from the students. (4) "After leaving here, children, remember to send your greetings and gratitude to those who have worked tirelessly for you, those who have dedicated their intelligence and courage to you, those who have lived and died for you, and they are here!" (5) Hearing the moving call, responding to their true feelings, all the students stood up and reached out their hands toward the teachers.

Answer

The order of the sentences reflects the sequence of events. Disrupting this order will break the cohesion. The correct order is: (1) -> (4) -> (2) -> (5) -> (3).

(1) A city official concluded the award ceremony with these words:
(4) "After leaving here, children, remember to send your greetings and gratitude to those who have worked tirelessly for you, those who have dedicated their intelligence and courage to you, those who have lived and died for you, and they are here!".
(2) He pointed his hand toward the teachers seated along the hallways.
(5) Hearing the moving call, responding to their true feelings, all the students stood up and reached out their hands toward the teachers.
(3) The teachers stood up, waved their hats, waved their scarves in response, all of them moved by the display of affection from the students.

Question 2 - Page 19 in the Textbook

Does the following passage have cohesion? Why or why not?

I remember my mother "when she was alive, I was ten." My mother lovingly held my hand and led me down the narrow village road. This morning, when the teacher came to visit, I told my mother I might have spoken disrespectfully. This afternoon, my kind mother let me go out for a walk with the older son of the gatekeeper.

Answer

For the text to be cohesive, the writer must make the content of sentences and paragraphs consistent and tightly connected. The passage here lacks cohesion because in the first sentence, it mentions "when she was alive", implying that the mother has passed away. However, in sentences (2), (3), and (4), the content describes the mother as still living.

==> The content of the sentences is not logically consistent.

Question 3 - Page 19 in the Textbook

Fill in the appropriate words in the blanks of the passage below to ensure the sentences are tightly linked:

Grandmother! I often return here, go to the garden, stand under the jackfruit tree, the guava tree, hoping to find the image of … and recall the day when … planted the tree, … ran around with you. … said that whenever the tree bore fruit, … would save the biggest and sweetest fruit for …, but I said the biggest and sweetest fruit should be reserved for you. … you hugged me and kissed me loudly.

(According to Nguyễn Thị Thuỷ Tiên, "Letters that won the UPU prize")

Answer

You can refer to the following:

Grandmother! I often return here, go to the garden, stand under the jackfruit tree, the guava tree, hoping to find the image of "you", and recall the day when "you" planted the tree, "I" ran around with you. You said that whenever the tree bore fruit, "you" would save the biggest and sweetest fruit for "me", but I said the biggest and sweetest fruit should be reserved for you. "Then" you hugged me and kissed me loudly.

Question 4 - Page 19 in the Textbook

Why do the two sentences below lose their cohesion when separated from the passage?

"Tonight, mother cannot sleep. Tomorrow is the first day of school for you."

("The Gate Opens")

Answer

- The two sentences seem disconnected in content and structure, with the first sentence talking about the mother and the second about the child.

- However, in the third sentence, "Mother will take you to school", both "mother" and "you" connect the two sentences into a unified message, which is why they remain together in the passage.

Question 5 - Page 19 in the Textbook

What connection do you see between the story of "The Hundred-jointed Bamboo" and textual cohesion?

Answer

The hundred joints of bamboo, if separated, wouldn't form a single bamboo. Only with the magic of the Buddha can the bamboo joints be connected to form a real bamboo pole. Cohesion in writing works the same way. If the sections and sentences are not organized and linked, a coherent text cannot be achieved. The sections and sentences are like bamboo joints, and the text is like the bamboo pole.

I. Cohesion and Linking Devices in Texts

1. Cohesion of Texts.

Example: In front of the teacher, I had been disrespectful to my mother. Father remembers, a few years ago, mother stayed up all night, bending over the crib to monitor my labored breathing, writhing in fear, crying hysterically thinking she might lose me! Think about it, Enrico! A mother would give up an entire year of happiness to spare her child one hour of pain, she could beg for food to feed her child, and sacrifice her life to save her child! Now, for a while, don't kiss me.

a. Enrico couldn't understand what his father said.

b. Because the sentences in the paragraph lack cohesion, the ideas are scattered and unclear, making it difficult to grasp.

=> Conclusion: Cohesion is one of the most crucial characteristics of a text, making it meaningful and easy to understand.

2. Linking Devices in Texts.

Example a: Looking back at the example, we see that due to the lack of cohesion in content, the paragraph is fragmented and disconnected. To improve the clarity of the paragraph, the sentences need to be unified and closely related.

Revised paragraph:

In front of the teacher, I had been disrespectful to my mother. This is something you should never do again. Enrico, my rudeness was like a dagger to my heart! Father remembers, a few years ago, mother stayed up all night, bending over the crib to monitor my labored breathing, writhing in fear, crying hysterically thinking she might lose me! Thinking about that, father cannot suppress his anger at you.

Think about it, Enrico! How could you insult your mother? A mother would give up an entire year of happiness to spare her child one hour of pain, she could beg for food to feed her child, and sacrifice her life to save her child! Now, for a while, don't kiss me.

Example b: Textbook - Page 20, Literature 7

Revised paragraph:

One day, a long time from now, you will understand what it means to be unable to sleep. But right now, sleep comes easily to you like drinking a glass of milk or eating a piece of candy, with your innocent face resting on the soft pillow, your lips slightly parted and occasionally puckering as if sucking on a candy.

=> Conclusion: To achieve cohesion in a text, the writer or speaker must make the content of sentences and paragraphs consistent and tightly interconnected, and also connect them using appropriate linking devices.

Practice

Question 1: Arrange the following sentences in a logical order...

Arrange the following sentences to form a cohesive paragraph.

(1) A city official concluded the award ceremony as follows: (2) He then pointed to the teachers sitting in the hallway. (3) The teachers stood up, waved their hats, and responded, deeply moved by the display of affection from the students. (4) “When you leave here, my children, do not forget to send a greeting and a thank you to those who have worked tirelessly for you, those who have given their intellect and courage for you, those who have lived and died for you, and here they are!” (5) Hearing the heartfelt call and responding appropriately, all the students stood up, spread their arms toward the teachers.

Answer:

The sentences in the paragraph can be arranged logically as follows: (1) => (4) => (2) => (3) => (5)

Question 2: Do the following sentences show cohesion? Why?

Do the following sentences show cohesion? Why?

I remember my mother “when she was still alive, I was ten years old.” My mother affectionately took my hand and led me down the long village path. This morning, when the teacher came to visit, I told my mother that I might have said something disrespectful. This afternoon, my kind mother allowed me to go out with the eldest son of the gatekeeper.

(Note: In terms of form, these sentences may seem quite “cohesive”).

Answer:

Upon reading these sentences, we realize that for a text to be cohesive, the content of the sentences and paragraphs must be unified and tightly bound together both in terms of meaning and language form.

However, when reading the paragraph, the lack of cohesion makes it hard to understand, and the text becomes disjointed. A simple example is in the first sentence, the author refers to the mother as someone who has passed away. But in the following sentences, the mother is described as alive. If we think carefully, we might understand that the author is recalling memories of their mother while she was still alive. But since there is no cohesion between the sentences, the meaning of the text becomes vague.

Question 3: Fill in the appropriate words in the blanks...

Fill in the appropriate words in the blanks of the paragraph to ensure the sentences are tightly linked.

Grandmother! I often come back here, go to the garden, stand under the na tree, the guava tree, hoping to relive the warmth of ... and remembering the days when ... would plant trees ... run around playfully with me. ... would say that when the tree bears fruit ... would save the biggest, tastiest fruit for ..., but I said the biggest, tastiest fruit should be saved for grandmother. ... grandmother would hug me, kiss me on the cheek.

Answer:

Grandmother! I often come back here, go to the garden, stand under the na tree, the guava tree, hoping to relive the warmth of grandmother and remembering the days when grandmother would plant trees and I would run around playfully with her. Grandmother would say that when the tree bears fruit, she would save the biggest, tastiest fruit for me, but I would say the biggest, tastiest fruit should be saved for her. Then grandmother would hug me and kiss me on the cheek.

Question 4: “Tonight, mother cannot sleep...

“Tonight, mother cannot sleep. Tomorrow is the first day of school for you.” Some people commented that the connection between these two sentences seems weak, yet they are placed next to each other in the text The School Gate Opens. Please explain why?

Answer:

Reading these two sentences, one may feel that there is no connection between them, as the first talks about the mother being unable to sleep, while the second talks about the first day of school for the child. These two sentences are independent in meaning. However, in the third sentence, the author writes: “Mother will take you to school, hold your hand and lead you through the gate, then let go and say...” This sentence mentions both the mother and the child, which links both of the previous sentences. Thus, in the paragraph, all three sentences connect together to form a cohesive whole.

Question 5: Surely you know the folk tale about a hardworking farmer ...

Surely you know the folk tale about the hardworking farmer who chopped down a hundred bamboo shoots but could not achieve the hundred bamboo poles without the magic of the genie. Does this story help you understand more concretely the role of cohesion in texts?

Answer:

The story of the hundred bamboo poles is about a hardworking farmer who cut down a hundred bamboo shoots, but without the magic of the genie, he could not achieve the goal. This is analogous to the fact that having 100 beautiful sentences is pointless if they are not connected. Therefore, the role of cohesion in a text is extremely important. It helps unify and link the content of sentences and paragraphs, creating a cohesive text.

A. MAIN KNOWLEDGE

Cohesion is one of the most important characteristics of a text, making it meaningful and easy to understand.
To ensure textual cohesion, the writer must make sure that the content of sentences and paragraphs is consistent and closely connected; additionally, the sentences and paragraphs should be linked with appropriate linguistic tools (words, sentences, etc.).

B. EXERCISES AND SOLUTIONS

Question 1 (Page 18 – Textbook) Arrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a cohesive paragraph:

(1) A city official concluded the award ceremony as follows: (2) He pointed to the teachers sitting on the corridors. (3) The teachers stood up, waved their hats and scarves in response, all moved by the affection shown by the students. (4) "After you leave here, don’t forget to send your greetings and gratitude to those who, despite the hardships, gave their intelligence and courage for you, those who lived and died for you, and they are here!". (5) Upon hearing the touching call, the students stood up, spreading their arms towards the teachers.

Solution:
The sentences can be arranged logically as follows:
(1) => (4) => (2) => (5) => (3).
(1) A city official concluded the award ceremony as follows:
(4) "After you leave here, don’t forget to send your greetings and gratitude to those who, despite the hardships, gave their intelligence and courage for you, those who lived and died for you, and they are here!".
(2) He pointed to the teachers sitting on the corridors.
(5) Upon hearing the touching call, the students stood up, spreading their arms towards the teachers.
(3) The teachers stood up, waved their hats and scarves in response, all moved by the affection shown by the students.

Question 2 (Page 19 – Textbook) Do the following sentences exhibit cohesion? Why or why not?
(1) I remember my mother "when she was still alive and I was ten." (2) My mother affectionately held my hand and led me along the narrow village path. (3) This morning, when the teacher came to visit, I told my mother that I might have said something impolite. (4) This afternoon, my kind mother let me go for a walk with the eldest son of the gatekeeper.

Solution:
For a text to be cohesive, the sentences and paragraphs must be logically connected. The given passage lacks cohesion because sentence (1) refers to "when she was still alive," implying that the mother has passed away. However, sentences (2), (3), and (4) describe events when the mother was alive.
==> The sentences are not logically consistent with each other.

Question 3 (Page 19 – Textbook) Fill in the appropriate words in the blanks of the following passage to ensure the sentences are cohesively linked:
Grandmother, I often come here, to the garden, stand under the jackfruit and guava trees, hoping to recall your image and remember the days when ... planted the trees, ... ran around with me. ... said that when the trees bear fruit, ... will give the biggest and sweetest fruit to ..., but I said the biggest and sweetest fruit should be kept for you. ... you hugged me, kissed me loudly.

Solution:
The answers are: grandmother – grandmother – me – grandmother – grandmother – me – Thus.

Question 4 (Page 19 – Textbook) Why do the two following sentences become disjointed when removed from the paragraph?"
"Tonight, mother cannot sleep. Tomorrow is my first day at school."
(The school gate opens)

Solution:
These two sentences, when isolated from the context, lose their connection because sentence (1) talks about the mother, and sentence (2) refers to the child. To clearly understand the relationship between the two sentences, they should be placed within the context of the following sentence: "Mother will take me to school, holding my hand as we walk through the gate...". This additional sentence clarifies and links the two original sentences together.

Question 5 (Page 19 – Textbook) Surely you know the fairy tale about the farmer who chopped down exactly one hundred bamboo stalks, but without the magic of the Genie, he could not have made a hundred-jointed bamboo tree. Does this story help you better understand the role of cohesion in texts?
Solution:
The Genie’s magic helped connect the one hundred bamboo joints into a miraculous bamboo tree. Having one hundred bamboo stalks looks beautiful but doesn't create a proper bamboo tree. It was only thanks to the magic that the joints connected to form the marvelous tree. Similarly, in a text, having all the sentences and paragraphs is not enough; without cohesion between them, the text will remain disconnected and not form a proper piece of writing.

I. Cohesion and Cohesive Devices in Texts

1. Textual Cohesion

a. If Father Enrique only wrote a few sentences like this, Enrique wouldn't understand what his father intended to say.

b. Enrique doesn't understand his father's meaning because:

- Some sentences are unclear

- The sentences lack cohesion

c. For the paragraph to be understandable, the sentences must be clear and the content should be cohesive.

2. Cohesive Devices in Texts

a. The paragraph above is missing ideas:

+ The child's misbehavior feels like a knife in the father's heart.

+ Remembering that, Father can't suppress his anger towards his child.

⇒ This makes the paragraph ambiguous and hard to understand.

b. The paragraph lacks cohesion because there is nothing binding the ideas together.

- To make the paragraph coherent, the phrase “And now” should be added before the second sentence, and the word “the child” should be replaced with “my child” in the third sentence.

c. A text lacking cohesion requires: Both the speaker and the writer must ensure that the content is unified and logically connected. The sentences must follow a clear, cohesive structure.

II. Exercises

Exercise 1 (page 18, 7th Grade Literature Workbook, Volume 1)

Correct sequence: sentence (1)→ (4) → (2) → (5) → (3)

Exercise 2 (page 18, 7th Grade Literature Workbook, Volume 1)

Although it seems that the paragraph has cohesion in form, the content is completely illogical:

+ When the character “I” recalls the mother “when she was alive, I was ten years old,” it is impossible to discuss “this morning,” “this afternoon” afterward.

Exercise 3 (page 18, 7th Grade Literature Workbook, Volume 1)

Grandmother! I often come here, go to the garden, stand under the jackfruit and guava trees, hoping to find the image of Grandma again and remember the days when she planted trees, and I ran around her. She told me that whenever there were fruits, she would save the biggest and the tastiest ones for me, but I would say the biggest, most delicious fruits should be saved for her. Then she hugged me tightly and kissed me with a loud smooch.

Exercise 4 (page 18, 7th Grade Literature Workbook, Volume 1)

- The two sentences above placed next to each other create the feeling of a lack of tight cohesion between them. However, reading the following sentence: "Mother will take me to school... a magical world will open up" provides a cohesive connection to the paragraph.

Exercise 5 (page 19, 7th Grade Literature Workbook, Volume 1)

Through the story of The Bamboo Tree with a Hundred Knots, we understand the role of cohesion in a text:

Without cohesion, the sentences would be disjointed, and they would not form a complete whole.

Part I: COHESION AND LINKING MEANS IN A PARAGRAPH

Question 1. Cohesion in a text

- Read the following paragraph:

In front of the teacher, I was disrespectful to my mother. Dad remembers, a few years ago, mom had to stay up all night, bending over the crib, watching your breath struggle, suffering from anxiety, crying uncontrollably thinking she could lose you! Just think about it, Enrico! A mother who would give up a year of happiness just to save you one moment of pain, who could beg for food to feed you, and sacrifice her life to save yours! Well, for now, don’t kiss me.

a) In your opinion, if dad wrote only this, could Enrico understand what he wanted to convey?

b) If Enrico doesn’t understand, why not? Consider the following reasons:

+ Because the sentence is grammatically incorrect;

+ Because the sentences are unclear in meaning;

+ Because the sentences do not connect well, causing weak cohesion.

c) So, what qualities should the paragraph have in order for it to be understood?

Answer:

a) If only this paragraph is written, Enrico will not be able to understand what his father wants to say.

b) Because the sentences are not well connected, the cohesion is weak.

c) Each sentence in the paragraph is grammatically correct and clear in content when isolated. However, with loose connections between the sentences, the overall meaning is unclear. To ensure the message is understood, the writer (or speaker) must organize a strong connection between the sentences.

Question 2. Linking means in a text

a) Rewrite the paragraph so Enrico can understand his father's message.

Answer:

To correct the cohesion, one must understand the intent of the writer. In this paragraph, the father wants Enrico to realize his mistake in being disrespectful to his mother and also to help him understand the boundless love a mother has for her child. With this understanding, the paragraph can be rewritten as follows:

In front of the teacher, I was disrespectful to my mother. Don’t you know, a few years ago, mom had to stay up all night, bending over the crib, watching your breath struggle, suffering from anxiety, crying uncontrollably thinking she might lose you! Just think about it, Enrico! A mother who would give up a whole year of happiness just to save you one moment of pain, who could beg for food to feed you, and sacrifice her life to save yours! Is she not worthy of better treatment from you? I am deeply sad by your actions. For now, don’t kiss me.

b) Identify the lack of cohesion in the following paragraph and revise it:

One day, a long time from now, you will understand what it’s like not to sleep. Sleep comes to you as easily as drinking a glass of milk or eating a candy. The serene face of a child rests sideways on a soft pillow, their lips slightly parted, occasionally pouting as if sucking on candy.

Answer:

The paragraph (b) lacks connections between ideas and doesn’t flow cohesively.

One day, a long time from now, you will understand what it’s like not to sleep. But now, sleep comes to you as easily as drinking a glass of milk or eating a candy. Your serene face rests sideways on a soft pillow, your lips slightly parted, occasionally pouting as if sucking on candy.

c) From the two paragraphs above, reflect on:

- What makes a text cohesive?

- What linking means should be used to create cohesion in a text?

Answer:

- A text is cohesive when the parts and sections are tightly connected and unified.

- You must connect sentences and sections using appropriate language tools.

EXERCISE

Answer question 1 (page 18, 7th Grade Language Textbook):

Arrange the following sentences in a logical order to create a cohesive paragraph.

(1) A city official concluded the award ceremony as follows: (2) And he pointed to the teachers sitting along the hallways. (3) All the teachers stood up and waved their hats and scarves in response, all moved by the display of affection from the students. (4) 'After you leave here, don’t forget to send your greetings and gratitude to those who worked tirelessly for you, who gave their intelligence and courage for you, who lived and died for you, and they are here!' (5) Hearing the emotional call, responding in kind, all the students stood up and stretched their arms toward the teachers.

Solution:

The logical order of the sentences should be: (1) ⟶ (4) ⟶ (2) ⟶ (5) ⟶ (3).

Answer question 2 (page 19, 7th Grade Language Textbook):

Does the following paragraph have cohesion? Why?

I remember my mother when she was still alive, I was ten. She lovingly took my hand and led me along the narrow village path. This morning, when the teacher visited, I told my mother in case I had said something disrespectful. And this afternoon, my gentle mother let me go for a walk with the eldest son of the gatekeeper.

Solution:

A text is considered cohesive when there is a strong connection between the sentences, both in terms of meaning and language form. These two aspects of cohesion cannot be separated. On the surface, the paragraph above seems cohesive, but in reality, the sentences do not maintain a unified meaning.

Answer question 3 (page 19, 7th Grade Language Textbook):

Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph to link the sentences together:

Grandmother, I often come here, stand under the na tree, the guava tree, hoping to find the image of … and remembering the days when … planted the trees, … ran around beside grandmother. … grandmother said that when the trees bore fruit, … would save the biggest and best fruit for …, but I replied that the biggest and best fruit should be for grandmother. … grandmother hugged me tightly and kissed me on the cheek.

(According to Nguyễn Thị Thuỷ Tiên, “The Letters That Won UPU Prizes”)

Solution:

- grandmother, grandmother, me, grandmother, grandmother, me, And so.

Answer question 4 (page 19, 7th Grade Language Textbook):

Why do the following two sentences become disconnected when they are isolated from the paragraph?

'Tonight, mom can’t sleep. Tomorrow is your first day at school.'

(The school gate opens)

Solution:

- In terms of content and form, these two sentences seem disconnected, one talks about mom, the other about the child.

- But in the third sentence, 'Mom will take you to school,' both 'mom' and 'you' connect the two previous sentences into one cohesive idea, which is why they can still be placed together in the text.

Answer question 5 (page 19, 7th Grade Language Textbook):

What connection do you see between the story of the Hundred-Stick Bamboo and the cohesion of a text?

Solution:

The hundred bamboo sticks, if separated, wouldn’t form a bamboo tree. It was through the magical intervention of the Buddha that the bamboo sticks were joined together to form a true bamboo tree. Cohesion in a text works similarly. If the sections or sentences are not tightly connected, the text cannot be complete. The sections or sentences are like individual bamboo sticks, and the text is like the bamboo tree.

I. Coherence and Cohesive Devices in Texts

1. The Coherence of a Text

a. If Enrico's father only wrote the paragraph in the textbook, Enrico wouldn't understand what his father was trying to convey.

b. The reason:

Because the sentences are not cohesive.

c. To make the paragraph understandable, it needs to have cohesion.

2. Cohesive Devices in Texts

a.

- The paragraph is hard to understand due to a lack of cohesion.

- Revised: Add linking sentences: "Your rudeness is like a knife..."

b.

Revised: One day, you will be far away, and you will know what it means to lose sleep. But for now, sleep comes easily to you like drinking a glass of milk or eating a candy. Your serene face rests on the soft pillow, your lips slightly parted as if you're sucking on a candy.

c. To ensure a text is cohesive, the writer must ensure that the content of sentences and paragraphs is consistent and tightly interconnected.

Sentences in a paragraph should be linked using appropriate linguistic tools.

=> Conclusion:

- Cohesion is one of the most crucial qualities of a text, making it meaningful and comprehensible.

- To achieve cohesion, the writer (or speaker) must ensure that the content of sentences and paragraphs is unified and tightly connected, and must use linguistic tools (words, sentences...) to link the text.

II. Exercises

Question 1. Arrange the sentences from the textbook in a logical order to create a cohesive paragraph.

Arrange: (1), (4), (2), (5), (3)

Question 2. Do the sentences in the textbook show coherence? Why?

- When reading the paragraph, in terms of form, the sentences appear to be cohesive as they describe the mother.

- However, upon reading each sentence individually, the content of the sentences is unrelated:

Sentence 1: The character "I" remembers their mother when "I was ten"
Sentence 2: The character recounts their mother leading them along the village road.
Sentence 3: The character talks about an incident in the morning: they spoke disrespectfully to their mother.
Sentence 4: The character recounts an event in the afternoon: the mother lets them go play.
=> The mother in these four sentences is not connected in any meaningful way.

Question 3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.

"Grandma! I often come here, go to the garden, stand under the jackfruit tree, and the guava tree hoping to find your image and recall the time when you planted the trees, and I ran around with you. You said that when the fruits ripened, you would give me the biggest and sweetest one, but I said the biggest and sweetest fruit should be yours. Then you hugged me and kissed me on the cheek."

Question 4.

Sentence 1: Describes the mother not being able to sleep.
Sentence 2: Talks about the next day being the first day of school for the child.
- The two sentences in the "The School Gate Opens" text do not have a strong connection but still sit next to each other. Attention should be paid to the following sentence: "Mother will take me to school, she will hold my hand..." In this case, all three sentences are now linked. The mother cannot sleep because tomorrow will be the child’s first day of school, a significant day she will share with her child.

Question 5.

- Without the magic of the fairy, the bamboo tree would only be broken pieces, small and useless.

- This story helps me understand the vital role of cohesion in a text. Without cohesion, the sentences wouldn't form a complete, coherent whole.

* Review Exercise: Rearrange the sentences in the following paragraph to create a cohesive text.

(1) They shoot, it has become routine, twice a day, early morning and late afternoon, or at midday and just before dark, or in the middle of the night and near rooster crowing. (2) The entire forest of Xà Nu, with tens of thousands of trees, has no tree left unscathed. (3) Most of the artillery shells land on the Xà Nu hill next to the large stream. (4) At the wound site, resin oozes out, spilling over, fragrant, glistening in the hot sun, then gradually darkens, turning black and solidifying into large blood clots. (5) Some trees are cut off halfway through their trunks, crashing down like a storm. (6) The village is within the range of the enemy’s artillery.