Top 6 Best Lesson Plans on 'The Development of Vocabulary' (Continued) for Grade 9

I. Creating New Words:
Question 1, page 72, Literature 9, Volume 1: Please identify the new words recently formed based on the following words: telephone, economy, mobile, ownership, knowledge, special zone, intellect. Explain the meaning of these newly formed words.
Example: mobile phone, intellectual property.
Answers:
- Mobile phone: A small wireless telephone carried by a person, used within the coverage area of the service provider.
- Knowledge economy: An economy based primarily on the production, circulation, and distribution of high-intellectual property goods.
- Intellectual property: The ownership rights to products created through intellectual activities, protected by laws such as copyright, patent rights, etc.
- Special economic zone: An area set aside to attract foreign investment and technology, offering preferential policies.

Question 2, page 73, Literature 9, Volume 1: In Vietnamese, there are words formed following the pattern x + tặc (e.g., air pirate, sea pirate...). Find some new words formed using this pattern.
Answers:
Words formed with the pattern x + tặc: timber pirate, hacker, nail pirate...

II. Borrowed Words from Foreign Languages:
Question 1, page 73, Literature 9, Volume 1: Find the Sino-Vietnamese words in the two excerpts below:
a) 'Thanh minh trong tiết tháng ba,
Lễ là tảo mộ hội là đạp thanh.
Gần xa nô nức yến anh,
Chị em sắm sửa bộ hành chơi xuân.
Dập dìu tài tử giai nhân,
Ngựa xe như nước áo quần như nêm.
(Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều)
b) Kẻ bạc mệnh này duyên phận hẩm hiu, chồng con rẫy bỏ, điều đâu bay buộc, tiếng chịu nhuốc nhơ, thần sông có linh, xin ngài chứng giám. Thiếp nếu đoan trang giữ tiết, trinh bạch gìn lòng, vào nước xin làm ngọc Mỵ Nương, xuống đất xin làm cỏ Ngu mĩ. Nhược bằng lòng chim dạ cá, lừa chồng dối con, dưới xin làm mồi cho cá tôm, trên xin làm cơm cho diều quạ, và xin chịu khắp mọi người phỉ nhổ.
(Nguyễn Dữ, Chuyện người con gái Nam Xương)
Answers: Some Sino-Vietnamese words in the two excerpts: a. thanh minh, tiết, lễ, tảo mộ, hội, đạp thanh, yến anh, bộ hành, xuân, tài tử, giai nhân. b. bạc mệnh, duyên, phận, đoan trang, thần linh, chứng giám, thiếp, đoan trang, tiết, trinh bạch, ngọc (excluding proper nouns in the excerpt)

Question 2, page 73, Literature 9, Volume 1: In Vietnamese, which words refer to the following concepts?
a) A disease that causes immune deficiency, leading to death;
b) The systematic study of the conditions for selling goods (such as analyzing customer demand, preferences, etc.). Where do these words come from?
Answers:
Words referring to the concepts:
- A disease causing immune deficiency leading to death: AIDS
- Systematic study of conditions for selling goods: Marketing
* These words come from foreign languages. In many cases, borrowing words from foreign languages to express newly emerging concepts in the native language is the best method.

III. Practice:
Question 1, page 74, Literature 9, Volume 1: Find two patterns that can create new words like the x + tặc pattern above (Section I.2).
Answers:
x + trường: battlefield, construction site, farm, fishing ground, business district...
x + hóa: aging, industrialization, commercialization, electrification, oxygenation, rejuvenation...
x + electronics: email, e-commerce, e-learning, electronic diary....

Question 2, page 74, Literature 9, Volume 1: Find five new commonly used words and explain their meanings.
Answers:
- Golden hand: A person with exceptional skills in performing a specific labor or technical task.
- Television link: A form of live television broadcast that involves direct communication through cameras between distant locations.
- Street food: Affordable meals typically sold in small, temporary stalls.
- High-tech: Technology based on modern scientific research with high precision and effectiveness.
- Water park: A park featuring water-based activities such as water slides, boat rides, and artificial beach swimming...

Question 3, page 74, Literature 9, Volume 1: Based on knowledge from Grade 6 (lesson Borrowed Words, Literature 6, Volume 1, page 24) and Grade 7 (lesson Sino-Vietnamese Words, Literature 7, Volume 1, pages 69 and 81), identify which of the following words are borrowed from Chinese and which are borrowed from European languages: snake, soap, border police, automobile, embezzlement, tax, radio, oxygen, coffee, criticism, condemn, canoe, singer, slave.
Answers:
- Borrowed from Chinese: snake, border police, embezzlement, tax, criticism, condemn, slave.
- Borrowed from European languages: soap, automobile, radio, oxygen, coffee, canoe.

Question 4, page 74, Literature 9, Volume 1: Briefly state the methods of vocabulary development and discuss the issue: Can the vocabulary of a language remain unchanged?
Answers:
- Methods of vocabulary development:
+ Developing the meaning of words.
+ Expanding the vocabulary through two methods: creating new words and borrowing foreign words.
- The vocabulary of a language cannot remain unchanged. The natural world and society are constantly evolving, and human understanding of the world evolves as well. Therefore, if vocabulary did not change, it would fail to meet the communication and cognitive needs of its speakers.

A. KEY CONCEPTS

I. Creating New Vocabulary

1. Recently, new words have been formed based on the following terms: telephone, economy, mobile, ownership, knowledge, special zones, intelligence. Please explain the meanings of these new terms.

Recently, new terms have emerged from words such as telephone, economy, mobile, ownership, knowledge, special zones, and intelligence: intellectual property, knowledge economy, economic zones, mobile phone.
Mobile phone refers to a wireless device that transmits voice over a distance, not fixed to one location, used within the coverage area of a cellular provider.
Intellectual property refers to the legal rights over products created through intellectual efforts, protected by laws such as copyright, patents, and inventions.
Market economy is an economic system primarily focused on the production, distribution, and circulation of products with high knowledge content.
Special economic zones are areas designated to attract foreign investment and technology, with preferential policies compared to other regions.
Knowledge economy: an economic system that relies heavily on producing, circulating, and distributing products with high knowledge content.
2. In Vietnamese, there are words formed using the pattern X + tặc. Find examples of such words. New terms following the pattern + tặc include: skyjacker, pirate, wood thief, hacker...

II. Borrowing Vocabulary from Foreign Languages

Question 1. Identify the Chinese-Vietnamese terms in the two excerpts below:

a. The spring day of the third month, the ritual is tomb sweeping and the festival is walking in the fields. From near and far, the crowd gathers for a feast, Sisters prepare for a spring outing. The noble scholars and beautiful women stroll together, horses and carriages flow like water, clothing sharp as a needle.

(Nguyễn Du, Truyện Kiều)

b. The fateful soul of this unfortunate one, abandoned by spouse and children, bound by destiny, suffering from disgrace, the river god, all-powerful, please bear witness. If I remain pure and faithful, as a lady, I pledge to remain loyal. Entering the river, I will become a jewel of Mị Nương; descending to earth, I will be a blade of Ngu Mĩ grass. If I were to deceive my husband or betray my children, let me be the prey for fish and shrimp, the food for vultures and crows, enduring all the scorn of people.

(Nguyễn Dữ, Chuyện người con gái Nam Xương)

Chinese-Vietnamese terms:

a. thanh minh, tiết, lễ, tảo mộ, đạp thanh, yến anh, bộ hành, xuân, tài tử, giai nhân; bạc mệnh, duyên, phận, thần, linh, chứng giám, thiếp, đoan trang, tiết, trinh bạch, ngọc.

b. bạc mệnh, duyên phận, thần, linh, chứng giám, thiếp, đoan trang, tiết, trinh bạch, ngọc, Mị Nương, Ngu mĩ, nhược.

Question 2. What terms does Vietnamese use to describe the following concepts?

a. A disease that causes the loss of immunity and leads to death.

b. A systematic study of the conditions for goods consumption (such as research on customer needs, preferences…). Where do these terms come from?

a. AIDS: A disease that causes the loss of immunity, leading to death.

b. Marketing: Systematic research on the conditions for goods consumption, including studying customer needs, preferences, etc. These terms originate from foreign languages. As society develops in all aspects and international exchange continues to expand, when new concepts emerge and there are no corresponding terms in the native language, borrowing the original terms from foreign languages is one of the most effective ways to express them. This method fits well with the context of current international exchanges.

Question 3. Remember

Creating new words to expand the vocabulary is one way to develop the Vietnamese language.
Borrowing words from foreign languages is also a way to develop the Vietnamese vocabulary. The most important foreign loanwords in Vietnamese are those borrowed from Chinese.

B. EXERCISES AND SOLUTIONS

Question 1 (Page 74, Textbook) Find two patterns that can create new words similar to the X + tặc pattern above (section 1.2).

Solution:
X + viên: teacher, student, member, staff, ...
X + học: biology, anthropology, chemistry, history, literature, geography, economics...
X + hoá: oxidation, industrialization, solidification, modernization, urbanization...
X + nghiệp: industry, agriculture, forestry, fishery...
X + điện tử: email, e-commerce…
X + trường: construction site, fishing grounds, farmland...

Question 2 (Page 74, Textbook) Find 5 new words that have become popular recently, explain their origin, structure, and meaning.
Solution:
Transit: the time between stops used to refuel the plane or take on passengers and cargo.
Cheap rice: inexpensive rice, sold in makeshift shops, often catering to students and workers.
Biological diversity: the variety in genetic material, species, and ecosystems in nature.
Expired: (goods) past the expiration date.
High-tech: technology based on advanced scientific and technical achievements, with high precision and economic effectiveness.
Brand: the name of a product or service brand on the market.

Question 3 (Page 74, Textbook) Based on what you have learned in grades 6 and 7, identify which of the following terms are borrowed from Chinese and which from European languages: python, soap, border patrol, car, embezzlement, tax, radio, oxygen, coffee, criticism, condemnation, canoe, singer, slave.
Solution:
Borrowed from Chinese: python, border patrol, embezzlement, tax, criticism, condemnation, singer, slave.
Borrowed from European languages: soap, car, oxygen, radio, coffee, canoe.

Question 4 (Page 74, Textbook) Summarize the ways vocabulary can develop and discuss whether the vocabulary of a language can remain unchanged.

Solution:
As nature and society are constantly evolving, so too is human understanding of the world. If the vocabulary of a language remains static, it would fail to meet the communication and cognitive needs of its speakers.

Question 1: Find two patterns that can generate new terms similar to the X + tặc structure mentioned above (section 1.2). Answer: X + viên: teacher, student, learner, …
X + học: biology, chemistry, literature, …
X + hóa: industrialization, modernization, oxidation, …
X + nghiệp: profession, factory, industry, agriculture, …
X + điện tử: e-commerce, electronics industry, electronic technology, …
X + trường: forest management, agricultural fields, magnetic field, …

Question 2: Identify 5 newly popular terms, explaining their origin, formation, and meaning. Answer: Electronic signature: a signature widely used in online documents and notifications.
Transit: the time when an airplane stops at an airport to refuel or pick up more passengers.
Schedule: to set a specific time in advance for doing something.
Broker: an intermediary who introduces a product or service.
Expired: no longer valid or usable after a specified time.

Question 3: Based on your knowledge from grades 6 and 7, identify which of the following terms are borrowed from Chinese and which are borrowed from European languages: python, soap, border patrol, car, embezzlement, tax, radio, oxygen, coffee, criticism, condemnation, canoe, singer, slave. Answer: Borrowed from Chinese: border patrol, python, embezzlement, tax, condemnation, singer, criticism, slave.
Borrowed from European languages: car, soap, radio, oxygen, coffee, canoe.

Question 4: Briefly describe the ways vocabulary can develop and discuss whether the vocabulary of a language can remain unchanged. Answer: In my opinion, vocabulary development occurs mainly through two methods: by expanding the meanings of existing words and by increasing the number of words. Expanding meanings involves deriving new uses from original terms, while increasing vocabulary may involve creating new words or borrowing terms from foreign languages.
Vocabulary always changes to meet the needs of social communication today.

I. Creating New Terms

Question 1:

- Mobile phone: A small, wireless phone used in areas covered by the service provider’s network.

- Intellectual property: The legal right to ownership of intellectual products.

- Special economic zones: Areas designated with economic advantages to attract foreign investment.

Question 2:

Words formed using the X + Tặc pattern: hacker, skyjacker, wood thief, pirate…

II. Borrowing Foreign Terms

1. Chinese-Vietnamese terms used:

a. Thanh minh, tiết, tảo mộ, hội, đạp thanh, yên thanh, bộ hành, tài tử, giai nhân.

b. Bạc mệnh, duyên phận, thần, linh, chứng giám, thiếp, đoan trang, tiết, trinh bạch, ngọc.

2.

a. AIDS

b. Marketing

→ These terms originate from foreign languages. As the economy grows and global integration advances, it is necessary to adopt the appropriate vocabulary to express new concepts.

III. Practice

Exercise 1 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1)

Some patterns:

- X + sĩ

- X + học

- X + hóa

- X + hiệu

Exercise 2 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1)

Brand: The name of a product recognized by consumers in the market.

- Framework agreement: A general agreement on a major issue, signed between two governments.

- Industry 4.0: A revolution built on three main pillars: digital technology, biotechnology, and physics.

- Biodiversity: The variety of genes and species in the natural world.

Exercise 3 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1)

- Borrowed from Chinese: python, border patrol, embezzlement, tax, criticism, condemnation, singer, slave.

- Borrowed from European languages: soap, car, oxygen, radio, coffee, canoe.

Exercise 4 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1)

- Vocabulary develops in two ways:

+ Expanding the meanings of words

+ Increasing the number of words: creating new terms or borrowing from foreign languages.

- The vocabulary of a language is always changing.

- This change is driven by the ongoing development of society.

- Human understanding of the world also evolves and changes.

- If the vocabulary of a language doesn’t change, it will not meet the needs of communication and understanding for native speakers.

Part I: CREATING NEW TERMS

Answer to Question 1 (page 72, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Identify any new terms recently created from the following words: "telephone, economy, mobile, ownership, knowledge, special zone, intellectual". Provide explanations for the newly formed terms.

Answer:

- Mobile phone: A small, wireless phone that can be carried by the user within the service coverage area.

- Knowledge-based economy: An economy primarily based on the production, circulation, and distribution of products with a high knowledge content.

- Special economic zone: A region specifically set up to attract foreign investment with favorable policies.

- Intellectual property: The legal right to ownership over products derived from intellectual activities, protected by law, such as copyrights, patents, etc.

Answer to Question 2 (page 73, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

New terms created using the pattern "tặc" such as skyjacker, pirate. This pattern can lead to the creation of similar new terms.

Answer:

- Logger: A person who illegally exploits forest resources.

- Hacker: A person who uses technology to illegally access data on someone else's computer for exploitation or destruction purposes.

Part II: BORROWING FOREIGN TERMS

Answer to Question 1 (page 73, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Identify the Chinese-Vietnamese words in the following excerpts:

Answer:

The Chinese-Vietnamese terms are:

a) Thanh minh, tiết, lễ, tảo mộ, hội, đạp thanh, yến anh, bộ hành, xuân, tài tử, giai nhân.

b) Bạc mệnh, duyên, phận, thần, linh, chứng giám, thiếp, đoan trang, tiết, trinh bạch, ngọc (excluding proper nouns).

Answer to Question 2 (page 73, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Which Vietnamese terms are used to refer to the following concepts?

Answer:

a) Immunodeficiency disease that causes death: AIDS.

b) The systematic study of conditions for goods consumption, such as analyzing customer demand and preferences: Marketing.

AIDS and Marketing are terms borrowed from foreign languages. Borrowing foreign terms is often the best way to express new concepts that arise in the lives of native speakers.

Part III: PRACTICE

Answer to Question 1 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Find two patterns that can generate new terms in the "x + tặc" model.

Detailed answer:

"x + hóa": aging, mechanization, electrification, industrialization, oxidation..

"x + trường": farm, construction, fishing, market, battlefield...

Answer to Question 2 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Find five new terms that have recently become popular and explain their meanings.

Detailed answer:

- Golden hands: A highly skilled individual who excels in performing a labor or technical task with outstanding results.

- Cheap rice: Low-cost rice, often sold in small, temporary rice shops.

- High-tech: Technology based on advanced scientific and engineering knowledge, offering high precision and economic efficiency.

- Framework agreement: An agreement that sets general principles for a major issue, typically signed between two governments, and can serve as a basis for specific agreements.

- Biodiversity: The variety of genes and species in nature.

Answer to Question 3 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Based on your knowledge, identify which terms are borrowed from Chinese and which are from European languages: python, soap, border patrol, car, embezzlement, tax, radio, oxygen, coffee, criticism, singer, slave.

Detailed answer:

- Borrowed from Chinese: python, border patrol, embezzlement, tax, criticism, condemnation, singer, slave.

- Borrowed from European languages: soap, car, radio, oxygen, coffee, canoe.

Answer to Question 4 (page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Summarize the ways vocabulary develops and discuss whether vocabulary in a language can change or not.

Detailed answer:

* Vocabulary development occurs through the expansion of word meanings and the increase in word quantity. This increase can happen in two ways: by creating new words or borrowing terms from foreign languages (see Vietnamese Language - Lessons 5, 6).

* Discussion: Can the vocabulary of a language change?

- It must be affirmed: The vocabulary of a language is always changing.

- Why? Natural and social phenomena are constantly changing and developing. Human perception also evolves and changes over time. Vocabulary changes and develops to meet the needs of societal growth, as well as to support human communication needs. For example, as science and technology progress, leading to high precision and economic efficiency, the term "high-tech" is used to describe the technology based on that foundation...

Creating New Terminology

Exercise 1 (Page 72, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

List any recently coined terms that have emerged from the following root words: "telephone, economy, mobile, ownership, knowledge, special zone, intellect." Provide explanations for each new term formed.

Answer:

- Wireless phone: A telephone that operates without wired connections.

- Mobile phone: A small, portable wireless telephone.

- Hotline: A phone line set aside for urgent matters, available at all times.

- Knowledge-based economy: An economy reliant on producing, distributing, and exchanging high-information products.

- Special economic zone: A designated area with incentives to attract foreign investment and technology.

- Intellectual property: Legal ownership of creations resulting from intellectual activity, protected by law.

Exercise 2 (Page 72, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

In Vietnamese, certain terms follow the "X + tặc" structure (such as hijacker, pirate, etc.). Identify other new terms following this structure.

Answer:

- Hacker: A person who uses computer skills to unlawfully access, exploit, or destroy data.

- Logger: A person who illegally exploits forest resources.

Loanwords from Foreign Languages

Exercise 1 (Page 73, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Find Sino-Vietnamese terms in the following excerpts:

Answer:

a) From "The Tale of Kiều": Tomb sweeping, walking, talented youth, beautiful women.

b) Fatal fate, destiny, modesty, purity.

Exercise 2 (Page 73, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Which Vietnamese terms express the following concepts? Where do these terms originate?

Answer:

a) AIDS

b) Marketing

- These are terms borrowed from other languages to describe new concepts that have emerged in modern life.

Practice

Exercise 1 (Page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Identify two structures capable of creating new terms similar to the "X + tặc" format above.

Answer:

The two patterns that can create new terms like "X + tặc" are:

- "Bất + X", such as: unexpected, unlawful, unwritten, uncooperative...

- "Vô + X", such as: heartless, indifferent...

- "X + hoá", such as: oxidation, aging, mechanization...

Exercise 2 (Page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Find five new terms that have recently gained popularity and explain their meanings.

Answer:

- Framework Agreement: A broad, principle-based agreement on a major issue that can be used as a foundation for further detailed agreements, typically signed by governments or political-economic organizations.

- Brand: A well-established and verified product label in the market.

- High-tech: Technology grounded in modern scientific principles with high accuracy.

- Video conference: A real-time broadcast connecting different locations using cameras and broadcast systems.

- Pop music star: A singer who stands out in fame compared to other musical celebrities.

- Street food: Inexpensive meals served in small, temporary eateries.

- Water park: An amusement park mainly focused on water-based activities.

Exercise 3 (Page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Based on what you've learned, determine which terms are borrowed from Chinese and which from European languages: python, soap, border patrol, car, embezzlement, tax, radio, oxygen, coffee, criticism, singer, slave.

Answer:

- Borrowed from Chinese: python, border patrol, embezzlement, tax, criticism, singer, slave.

- Borrowed from European languages: soap, car, radio, oxygen, coffee, canoe.

Exercise 4 (Page 74, Vietnamese Language 9, Volume 1):

Summarize the methods of vocabulary development and discuss whether a language's vocabulary can evolve over time.

Answer:

Vocabulary can grow in both meaning and in the number of words.

Two main ways vocabulary expands are by creating new words and borrowing terms from other languages.

As a result, a language's vocabulary must evolve alongside societal and global progress. Without growth in vocabulary, a language would fail to meet the communication and cognitive needs of its speakers.