Buzz
1. Outline for 'Vietnamese Language Review and Test' #4
I – VOCABULARY
1. Question 1, Page 157, Vietnamese Literature 8, Volume 1
Theory:
– The general level of meaning in words.
– Lexical fields.
– Onomatopoeic and mimetic words.
– Dialects and slang.
– Stylistic devices using vocabulary (euphemisms, softening).
2. Question 2, Page 157, Vietnamese Literature 8, Volume 1
Practice:
a) Based on your knowledge of folklore and the general meaning of words, fill in the appropriate terms in the diagram below:
Explain the narrower meanings of words in the diagram. Identify any words with a shared meaning within those explanations.
b) Find two examples of hyperbole or euphemism in Vietnamese folk poetry.
c) Write two sentences, one using mimetic words and one with onomatopoeic words.
Answer:
a) Folklore includes the following smaller genres:
– Legends: Folk tales about historical figures and events from the distant past, often with magical elements.
– Fairy tales: Folk tales about the lives of familiar characters (orphans, the ugly, the youngest sibling, the hero) with many fantastical details.
– Fables: Folk tales using animals, objects, or humans to indirectly discuss human nature.
– Jokes: Folk tales meant to entertain or criticize humorously.
These words share a broader meaning—folklore encompasses all of these types.
b) Examples of hyperbole or euphemism in Vietnamese folk poetry:
– Hyperbole:
Rumors say my parents are kind. Eating rice without breaking it, money breaks in twos.
– Euphemism:
My torn shirt is quite old, or could I borrow your help to stitch it together?
c) Sentences with mimetic and onomatopoeic words:
– Each raindrop pattered on the fresh leaves.
– My sister's new dress was as colorful as a chameleon.
II – GRAMMAR
1. Question 1, Page 158, Vietnamese Literature 8, Volume 1
Theory:
Auxiliary words, interjections, modal particles, compound sentences (main and subordinate clauses, coordinated sentences).
2. Question 2, Page 158, Vietnamese Literature 8, Volume 1
Practice:
a) Write two sentences, one using an auxiliary word and a modal particle, the other using an auxiliary word and an interjection.
b) Read the following excerpt:
France retreats, Japan surrenders, Emperor Bao Dai abdicates. Our people have overthrown colonial chains for nearly 100 years to build an independent Vietnam. We also overthrew the monarchy that lasted for many centuries to establish the Democratic Republic.
(Ho Chi Minh, Independence Declaration)
Identify the compound sentence in the excerpt. Can the compound sentence be split into simple sentences? If so, would the meaning change?
c) Identify compound sentences and their conjunctions in the following excerpt:
We cannot describe how beautiful our language is, nor can we analyze the beauty of light or nature. But to us, as Vietnamese, we naturally appreciate the beauty of our language, the people's words in folk poetry, and the works of great writers. Perhaps Vietnamese is beautiful because the soul of the Vietnamese people is beautiful, because our struggles and lives are noble and grand, and thus very beautiful.
(Pham Van Dong, Preserving the Purity of the Vietnamese Language)
Answer:
a) Sentences with auxiliary and modal particles:
– Has it already been 5 years since then?
– Oh my, she was the one who painted this picture!
b) Compound sentences in the excerpt:
– France/ retreats, Japan/ surrenders, Emperor Bao Dai/ abdicates.
– The compound sentence can be split into simple sentences, but doing so changes the meaning.
c) Compound sentences:
– Using conjunctions: We cannot say how beautiful our language is, nor can we analyze the beauty of light or nature.
– Using correlative conjunctions: Our language is beautiful because the soul of our people is beautiful, and because our life, our struggle, is noble and grand, which means it is beautiful.
2. Lesson Plan "Review and Test on Vietnamese Language" No. 5
1. Vocabulary
1.1. Theory:
The level of abstraction in the meaning of words, lexical fields; onomatopoeic words, words imitating sounds; regional dialects, social dialects; lexical rhetorical devices; auxiliary words, interjections; mood words; compound sentences. The level of abstraction in the meaning of a word: The meaning of one word can be broader (more general) than another.
- Lexical fields: A set of words sharing at least one common meaning.
- Onomatopoeic words: Words that evoke images, shapes, or states of things.
- Imitative words: Words that replicate sounds from nature or humans.
- Local dialect: Words used in one specific region.
- Social dialect: Words used in specific social classes.
- Rhetorical device - exaggeration: A rhetorical device that amplifies the extent, scale, or nature of the object to highlight, impress, or increase expressiveness.
- Rhetorical device - understatement: A rhetorical device that uses delicate, softer expressions to avoid causing unpleasant or rude feelings.
1.2. Practice
a. Using knowledge of folklore and the level of abstraction in word meanings, fill in the appropriate words in the diagram below: Explain words with more specific meanings in the diagram.
b. Find two examples from Vietnamese folk songs using rhetorical devices like exaggeration or understatement:
The rice field is busy at noon
Sweat dripping like rain on the rice paddies
(Folk song)
The nostrils are like eighteen loads of fur
The beloved husband says the dragon beard is a gift from heaven
The silkworm eats mulberry leaves
Sometimes it can consume both cows and buffaloes
Be a man worthy of being a man
Bow low to carry two sesame seeds
Wishing the river was one yard wide
Build a bridge with a scarf for him to come over
c. Write two sentences: one using an onomatopoeic word, and one using an imitative word.
Answer: Lying in the house, Thanh suddenly hears a drip on the roof tiles, tonight it’s raining again.
The buffaloes, with swollen bellies, wag their tails, grazing by the riverbank.
2. Grammar
2.1. Theory:
- Auxiliary words, interjections, mood words, compound sentences
- Auxiliary words: Words that accompany a word in a sentence to emphasize or express attitudes about the subject or object.
- Interjections: Words that express emotions, feelings, or are used for answering questions.
Interjections can be separated from the sentence, forming a special exclamation, expressing emotions.
Examples: Ah, oh, wow, etc. are interjections expressing emotion.
- Mood words: Words added to sentences to form questions, imperatives, exclamations, and express the speaker's mood.
- Compound sentences: Sentences formed by combining two or more independent clauses, each containing a subject and a verb.
2.2. Practice
a. Write two sentences: one with auxiliary and mood words, and another with auxiliary and interjection.
You only bought two notebooks for yourself, right?
Oh! I am also surprised by this incident.
b. Read the following passage: The French withdrew, the Japanese surrendered, and King Bao Dai abdicated. Our people have fought against colonial shackles for nearly a century to establish an independent Vietnam. We then overthrew the monarchy that lasted for centuries and founded a Democratic Republic. (Declaration of Independence - Ho Chi Minh)
Identify the compound sentence. Can it be split into simple sentences? If so, would the meaning change?
Answer: In the passage, the sentence: 'The French withdrew, the Japanese surrendered, and King Bao Dai abdicated' is a compound sentence.
It can be broken into three simple sentences, but doing so would disrupt the logical flow of the events and change the intended meaning.
c. Identify the compound sentence and explain how the clauses are connected in the following passage: We cannot describe how beautiful our language is, just as we cannot analyze the beauty of light or nature. But for us Vietnamese, we naturally appreciate the beauty of our language, the speech of the common people in folk songs and literature by great authors. Perhaps the beauty of our language comes from the beautiful souls of the Vietnamese, from the noble and great struggles of our people.
Answer: The passage contains three sentences. The first and third sentences are compound sentences.
The clauses are connected by conjunctions (just as, because).
3. Lesson Plan "Review and Test on Vietnamese Language" No. 6
Question 1. Section I.2.a, pages 157-158, Textbook.
Based on your knowledge of folk literature and the level of abstraction in word meanings, fill in the appropriate terms in the blanks.
Explain the narrower meanings of the terms in the diagram above. Identify any common words among these explanations.
Answer:
The narrower meanings of the terms in the diagram can be explained as follows:
- Legend: A folk story about historical characters and events from the distant past, often involving many mythical elements.
- Fairy tales: Folk tales about the life and fate of common character types (orphans, the ugly, younger siblings, heroes, etc.), often featuring imaginative and fantastical details.
- Fables: Folk tales that use animals, objects, or even humans to indirectly tell stories about human nature.
- Jokes: Folk tales designed to entertain through humor, often used to criticize or ridicule.
From this, we can deduce that the common term in the explanations above is a broader term (with a higher level of abstraction) than the terms defined above.
Question 2. Section I.2.b, page 158, Textbook.
Find two examples of hyperbole or litotes used in Vietnamese proverbs or folk sayings.
Answer:
Examples:
The rumors say his parents are so kind
That even rice can't break, and money shatters at once.
(Folk saying)
Question 3. Section I.2.c, page 158, Textbook.
Write two sentences, one using an ideophone and the other using an onomatopoeic word.
Answer:
Example: Hanoi no longer has the clanging sound of the streetcar bells.
Question 4. Section II.2.a, page 158, Textbook.
Write two sentences: one using a modal particle and a mood word, and another using a modal particle and an exclamation.
Answer:
Example: This book only costs 20,000 VND?
Question 5. Section II.2.b, page 158, Textbook.
Read the following excerpt: "The French retreated, the Japanese surrendered, and Emperor Bao Dai abdicated. Our people have overthrown the colonial chains for nearly 100 years to establish an independent Vietnam. Our people also overthrew the monarchy that had existed for many centuries to set up a Democratic Republic."
(“Declaration of Independence” - Ho Chi Minh)
Identify the compound sentence. If the identified compound sentence were broken into simple sentences, would the meaning change?
Answer:
The compound sentence in this excerpt expresses events occurring in rapid succession within a short period of time.
Question 6. Section II.2.c, page 158, Textbook.
Identify the compound sentence and the way the clauses are connected in the following passage: "We cannot describe how beautiful our language is, just as we cannot analyze the beauty of light or nature. But for us, as Vietnamese people, we feel a natural appreciation for the beauty of our language, the voice of the people in folk songs and poetry, the words of great authors. Perhaps the beauty of the Vietnamese language lies in the beauty of our people’s hearts, in the nobility and greatness of our people's struggles and lives, which is, in itself, very beautiful."
Answer:
The passage contains three sentences, two of which are compound sentences.
Question 7. Identify the rhetorical device used in the following folk saying:
"Love each other, love the whole journey."
"Hate each other, hate the whole family."
Answer:
The rhetorical device used here is hyperbole: "Love the whole journey", "Hate the whole family".
Question 8. Explain the difference in meaning between these two sentences and the means used to express the difference.
a) The boy ate only one bowl of rice.
b) The boy ate more than one bowl of rice.
Answer:
The difference in meaning between these two sentences is as follows:
- In sentence (a), the speaker (writer) implies that one bowl of rice is too little for the boy.
- In sentence (b), the speaker (writer) implies that one bowl of rice is enough for the boy.
The means used to express this difference are the modal particles "only" and "more than".
4. Study sheet "Review and Test on Vietnamese Language" number 1
I. Vocabulary
1. Theory
a. Lexical field: a collection of words that share a common characteristic. Regarding meaning (refer to Lesson 2 on pages 21 of the 8th grade Language Arts textbook)
b. Onomatopoeic words: words that evoke the shape, outline, or color of objects or phenomena. Examples: bustling, hurried, laboring, swiftly.
c. Sound-imitative words: words that evoke the sound of objects or phenomena. Examples: murmuring, stately, trickling, pattering.
d. Local dialect: words used in specific regions. Examples: "mợ" = mother (Hanoi dialect), "đọi" = bowl (Thanh Hoa dialect), "nón" = hat (Southern dialect)
e. Social jargon: terms used by certain social groups. Examples: "catching prey" (finding goods), "screaming" (setting prices), used by dishonest traders.
f. Hyperbole, euphemism: (You should search for and answer this)
2. Practice
a. Diagram:
- Legend: folk tales about ancient characters and events, with many magical elements.
- Fairy tales: folk tales about the lives and destinies of familiar characters, with many fantastical elements.
- Fables: folk tales that use animals, objects, or humans to allegorically talk about human society.
- Jokes: folk tales that use humor to entertain, criticize, or condemn flaws and vices.
→ The common term in the explanations is "folk tales".
b. Examples of hyperbole or euphemism in folk poetry:
- Hyperbole: "The nostrils are as large as eighteen loads of hay / My husband loves and says it’s the dragon’s beard"
- Euphemism:
What a pity, the eight-cornered rice grain
The rice pot goes out, and water from coffee fills it.
c. Sentence with onomatopoeia: The Vietnamese Ao Dai is graceful and elegant.
- Sentence with sound-imitative words: The machines at the construction site kept rumbling, dumping stones.
II. Grammar
1. Theory
2. Practice
a. Sentence with modal particle and mood particle:
“Oh, even the teacher is turning away from me!”
- Sentence with modal particle and interjection:
“Is it true that my mother was the one who stopped me from going to school?”
b. Compound sentence in the excerpt: “The French fled, the Japanese surrendered, King Bao Dai abdicated”
The clauses of the compound sentence can be split into simple sentences. However, when separated, the continuity of the events is not as clearly expressed as when combined.
c. The compound sentence in the excerpt is the first and third sentences. The clauses are connected by conjunctions (such as, because).
5. Lesson plan "Review and test for Vietnamese section" number 2
I. VOCABULARY
1. Theory
2. Practice
a. Based on knowledge of folk literature and the general level of meaning of words, fill in the appropriate words in the blanks according to the diagram.
b. Find two examples of hyperbole or euphemism in Vietnamese folk verses.
c. Write two sentences, one with an onomatopoeic word and one with a metaphorical word.
Answer:
a.
Folk tales include the following types:
- Legends: Folk tales about historical figures and events from ancient times, often involving elements of the supernatural.
- Fairy tales: Folk tales about the lives and destinies of familiar characters (orphans, ugly characters, the youngest sibling, or a hero) filled with magical and imaginary details.
- Fables: Folk tales that use animals, objects, or even humans to subtly comment on human nature.
- Jokes: Folk tales that use humor to entertain or criticize.
The explanation of these terms is that folk tales are a broader concept (higher level of abstraction).
When explaining terms that are more specific than another term, we often need to identify the more general word (broader meaning).
b.
- Hyperbole:
The rumors say that my parents are so kind.
It’s like breaking rice, but money breaks into two.
c.
Hanoi no longer has the sound of the tram bell ringing. Instead, there is a crowd of people on motorcycles and cars.
II. GRAMMAR
1. Theory
Auxiliary words, exclamations, modal particles, compound sentences (coordinate and subordinate clauses).
2. Practice
a. Write two sentences, one with an auxiliary word and modal particle, and the other with an auxiliary word and an exclamation.
b. Identify the compound sentences in the passage (page 158 in Vietnamese Language 8, volume 1). Can these compound sentences be broken down into simple sentences? If so, would it change the meaning?
c. Identify compound sentences and how they are connected in the passage (page 158 in Vietnamese Language 8, volume 1).
Answer:
a.
- Did Lan go on vacation for half a month? (sentence with auxiliary and modal particle)
- Oh my, it’s me who won the first prize. (sentence with auxiliary and exclamation)
b. The compound sentence in the passage:
- France/ fled, Japan/ surrendered, Emperor Bao Dai/ abdicated.
- If we split the compound sentence into simple sentences, the meaning would not change, but the expression style would change.
c. Compound sentences:
- We cannot say how beautiful our language is, nor can we analyze the beauty of light and nature.
- Perhaps our Vietnamese language is beautiful because the souls of the Vietnamese people are very beautiful, and because the lives and struggles of our people from the past until now are noble and grand, which is very beautiful.
=> Connection method: using conjunctions (in bold).
6. "Review and Test Vietnamese Language Section" Paper No. 3
I - Vocabulary
1. Theory: The level of abstraction of word meanings; lexical fields; onomatopoeic words, metaphorical words; regional dialects and jargon; lexical rhetorical devices (hyperbole, euphemism).
2. Practice:
a) Based on knowledge of folk literature and the level of abstraction of word meanings, fill in the appropriate words in the blanks according to the following diagram:
Folk tales include: Fairy tales, legends, fables, jokes
b) Find two examples of hyperbole or euphemism in Vietnamese folk verses.
- Uncle Duong, stop, it's already over.
The water and clouds float, leaving me with a wistful heart.
- The wind takes the mustard plant to the sky,
The cilantro stays behind, bearing the bitter words.
c) Write two sentences, one with an onomatopoeic word and one with a metaphorical word.
- The sparrows chirped merrily on the branches by the house.
- The sound of crickets chirping… beneath the damp ground after the rain.
- The figure of my mother swayed in the afternoon sun.
II - Grammar
1. Theory: Auxiliary words, exclamations, modal particles, compound sentences.
2. Practice:
a) Write two sentences, one with an auxiliary word and modal particle, and one with an auxiliary word and exclamation.
- Is she away for two days? (sentence with auxiliary word and modal particle)
- Wow, she is the one who revealed the secret! (sentence with auxiliary word and exclamation)
b) Compound sentences in the passage:
- France/ fled, Japan/ surrendered, Emperor Bao Dai/ abdicated.
- If we break the compound sentence into simple sentences, would it change the meaning? It would, yes.
c) Compound sentences:
- We cannot say how beautiful our language is, nor can we analyze the beauty of light and nature.
- Perhaps the beauty of the Vietnamese language comes from the beautiful soul of our people, from the noble and grand struggles our people have faced.
