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1. Reference Example 4
Question 1, page 24, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1: Which rhetorical device is used in all three excerpts below (from the folk poem 'Farewell to a Lover')? Analyze the effect of this device.
a. I love you, it's my duty to escort you to your husband's home
Yet the sparrow high above circles, calling me to turn back, I turn back
The swallow below flies around, just as I turn away, I turn away
b. Do not leave me alone in the forest
Do not leave me in the torrent of life, the waves rising!
c. If we can't marry in summer, we will marry in winter
If we can't marry while young, we will marry when we grow old.
Answer:
a. Structural Repetition: "I turn back", "I turn away"
Effect: Expresses the emotional turmoil of the speaker, highlighting their reluctance and sadness.
b. Structural Repetition: "Do not leave me..."
Effect: By repeating the structure, the sadness and longing of the woman bidding farewell to the man are vividly conveyed.
c. Structural Repetition: "If we can't marry..."
Effect: Emphasizes the characters' deep longing to be together, no matter the passage of time.
Question 2, page 25, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1: Identify and analyze the effect of the structural repetition in the following lines.
a. The sky is ours
The mountains and forests are ours
The fragrant fields
The endless roads
The rivers filled with fertile silt.
(Nguyễn Đình Thi)
b. My spring - the spring of North Vietnam, the spring of Hanoi - is the spring with light drizzle, cool breezes, the cry of the swallows in the blue night, the sound of drums echoing from distant villages, the sweet songs of a beautiful girl like a dream...
(Vũ Bằng)
c. If I were a bird, I would be a white dove.
If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower.
If I were a cloud, I would be a warm cloud.
If I were human, I would die for my homeland.
(Trương Quốc Khánh)
d. Yet everyone blames him for the downfall. The luxurious king's reign was due to him, the suffering and loss was because of him, the common people’s despair was because of him, the foreigners' resentment was because of him. The Cửu Trùng Palace, what do they need? They raised a rebellion just to kill him, to destroy the Cửu Trùng Palace.
(Nguyễn Huy Tưởng)
Answer:
a.
- Repetition: The sky is ours... The mountains are ours...
The fields... The roads... The rivers...
- Effect: Creates a powerful, rhythmic flow that asserts national pride and the right to the country’s natural beauty.
b.
- Repetition: “Spring...”
- Effect: Intensifies the author's affection and deep admiration for the spring of Hanoi and North Vietnam, evoking nostalgia and affection.
c.
- Repetition: “If I were... I would...”
- Effect: Enhances the emotional appeal, expressing a sincere desire and heartfelt yearning for contributing to the greater good.
d.
- Repetition: “...because of him”
- Effect: Adds to the intensity and vividness of the narrative, emphasizing the blame and guilt placed on the character.
Question 3, page 25, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1: Write a 10-12 sentence paragraph analyzing the effect of structural repetition in a poem you have studied or read.
Answer:
The sky is ours
The mountains and forests are ours
The fragrant fields
The endless roads
The rivers filled with fertile silt.
(Nguyễn Đình Thi)
In this passage, Nguyễn Đình Thi uses a series of structural repetition (this is ours, these fields, these roads, these rivers) to emphasize the natural beauty of Vietnam. The poet stresses that these images belong to the Vietnamese people, a proud assertion of sovereignty. This repetition creates a rhythm that not only conveys the grandeur of nature but also reflects the pride and resilience of the people. It creates a sweeping, majestic cadence that underscores the nation's deep connection to its land, enriching the reader’s emotional response to the imagery of nature's abundance.
2. Reference Example 5
Question 1 (page 24, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1): What rhetorical device is used in the following three excerpts (from the folk poem 'Farewell to a Lover')? Analyze the effect of this device.
a) I love you, it is my duty to escort you to your husband's house
Yet the sparrow high above circles, calling me to turn back, I turn back
The swallow below flies around, urging me to turn away, I turn away
b) Do not leave me alone in the forest
Do not leave me in the torrent of rising waves?
c) If we can't marry in the summer, we will marry in the winter
If we can't marry while young, we will marry when we are old and widowed
Answer:
a) Rhetorical device of structural repetition “I turn back,” “I turn away”
Effect: Contributes to the rhythm of the poem, emphasizing the boy's emotional state as he bids farewell to his lover.
b) Rhetorical device of structural repetition “Do not leave me”
Effect: The voice becomes earnest, expressing the girl's desperate plea, highlighting the deep affection between the two.
c) Rhetorical device of structural repetition “If we can't…we will marry”
Effect: The confident tone emphasizes the unshakable bond and determination of the lovers to be together.
Question 2 (page 24, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1): Identify and analyze the effect of the structural repetition in the following lines:
a) The sky is ours
The mountains and forests are ours
The fragrant fields
The endless roads
The rivers heavy with fertile silt.
(Nguyễn Đình Thi)
b) My spring - the spring of North Vietnam, the spring of Hanoi - is the spring with gentle drizzle, cool breezes, the cry of swallows in the blue night, the sound of drums echoing from distant villages, the sweet love songs of a beautiful girl...
(Vũ Bằng)
c) If I were a bird, I would be a white dove
If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower
If I were a cloud, I would be a warm cloud
If I were a person, I would die for my homeland.
(Trương Quốc Khánh)
d) Yet everyone blames him for the downfall. The extravagant king’s reign was because of him, the depletion of the treasury was because of him, the suffering of the common people was because of him, the resentment of foreigners was because of him. The Cửu Trùng Palace, what do they need? They raised a rebellion to kill him, to destroy the Cửu Trùng Palace. (Nguyễn Huy Tưởng)
Answer:
a) Repetition of structure “is ours,” “the...”
Effect: Contributes to a fast-paced, heroic rhythm, with a rhetoric that conveys a panoramic view of a rich and beautiful homeland, reinforcing the author's strong sense of ownership and pride.
b) Repetition of structure “spring”
Effect: Highlights the sentiment and lends a melodic tone to the prose, conveying the author's deep affection and nostalgia for Hanoi’s spring.
c) Repetition of structure “if I were... I would be...”
Effect: Enhances the vividness and rhythm of the poem, emphasizing the speaker’s sincere longing and yearning to contribute to something greater.
d) Repetition of structure “…because of him”
Effect: Adds strength to the narrative, underscoring the accusations and emphasizing the wrongdoings of the character.
Question 3 (page 25, Vietnamese Literature 11, Volume 1): Write a paragraph (8-10 lines) analyzing the effect of structural repetition in a poem you have studied or read.
Answer:
Poet Xuân Diệu’s deep love for nature and beauty is unmistakable, yet within his poems, there is a sense of yearning and longing. This is clearly conveyed through the repetitive structure in his poem 'Vội vàng' (Hurry):
“I want to embrace
The fresh new life beginning to bloom
I want to feel the clouds moving and the wind swirling
I want to intoxicate myself with butterflies and love
I want to capture in a kiss everything...”
The repetitive structure of “I want” creates a rhythmic, urgent tone, urging others to cherish youth and to do everything one desires, especially in the fleeting moments of youth when it is possible. All of this urgency reflects Xuân Diệu’s desire to capture the beautiful, tender moments of life, to hold onto them before they slip away, but no matter how tightly he grasps them, they are still elusive.
3. Reference Example 6
Question 1
Which rhetorical device is used in all three excerpts below (taken from the folk story 'Farewell to the Lover')? Analyze its expressive function.
a. I love you, and I will escort you to your husband's home.
But the little bird circles high above, calling me to turn back, I turn back.
The swallow below flies around as if urging me to leave, I leave.
b. Do not leave me lonely in the forest.
Do not abandon me amidst the surging torrents!
c. If we cannot marry in the summer, we will marry in the winter.
If we cannot be together in our youth, we will reunite in our old age.
Solution:
Recall knowledge of rhetorical devices and identify the one used in each of the three excerpts.
Detailed Solution:
a. Repetition of structure: "I turn back", "I leave".
Effect: This conveys the emotional state of the speaker, vividly portraying the mixed feelings of reluctance and sadness as the lover bids farewell.
b. Repetition of the structure: "Do not leave me....".
Effect: Through the repetition of the phrase, the deep sorrow and longing of the woman, reluctant to let go of her lover, is made more poignant and genuine.
c. Repetition of structure: "If we cannot marry...".
Effect: This emphasizes the characters' determination to be together despite the passage of time and their unwavering commitment to each other.
Question 2
Find and analyze the effect of structural repetition in the following lines of poetry and prose.
a. The sky is blue, this is ours.
The mountains and forests are ours.
The fragrant fields.
The vast paths.
The rivers heavy with fertile silt.
(Nguyễn Đình Thi)
b. My spring – the spring of North Vietnam, the spring of Hanoi – is a spring with gentle rains, cool breezes, the sound of swallows at night, the drumbeats from distant villages, and the sweet love songs of beautiful girls like poetry...
(Vũ Bằng)
c. If I were a bird, I would be a white dove.
If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower.
If I were a cloud, I would be a warm cloud.
If I were human, I would die for my homeland.
(Trương Quốc Khánh)
d. Yet everyone accuses him of being the culprit. The extravagant king, the depleted treasury, the suffering people, the resentment of the barbarians, the divine reproach—all because of him. The Nine Floors Tower, did they need it? They raised a rebellion just to kill him, to destroy the Nine Floors Tower.
(Nguyễn Huy Tưởng)
Solution:
Identify the structural repetition and analyze its effect.
Detailed Solution:
a.
- Repetition of structure:
The sky is blue... The mountains and forests... The fields... The vast paths... The rivers...
- Effect: This creates a rhythmic, forceful tone, highlighting the poet's sense of national pride and the beauty of the country’s landscape.
b.
- Repetition of structure: "The spring..."
- Effect: It emphasizes the poet's deep affection for the spring of Hanoi and North Vietnam, conveying warmth and nostalgia.
c.
- Repetition of structure: "If I were... I would be...".
- Effect: This intensifies the emotional depth of the speaker's wishes and desires, enhancing the poetic rhythm and showcasing the speaker’s sincere aspirations for giving back to the homeland.
d.
- Repetition of structure: "...because of him".
- Effect: This repetition magnifies the gravity of the accusations against the character, intensifying the emotional impact and drawing attention to the weight of his actions.
Question 3
Write a 10-12 line paragraph analyzing the effect of the rhetorical device of structural repetition in a poem you have studied or read.
Solution:
Find a poem that uses structural repetition and analyze its impact in a paragraph.
Detailed Solution:
In the following lines, Nguyễn Đình Thi uses several rhetorical devices, including repetition of structure ("here is ours", "there are...") and repeated words ("ours") to emphasize ownership and pride in the natural beauty of Vietnam. The repetition gives the verse a rhythmic, rallying tone, reinforcing the connection between the people and the land they cherish. The repetition enhances the feeling of triumph and pride, suggesting a deep, almost spiritual bond with the country. The vivid imagery of fields, roads, and rivers seems to celebrate the richness and natural beauty of Vietnam, which the poet views as a precious treasure belonging to the people. This repeated structure underscores the speaker's patriotic sentiment, celebrating the country's landscape as both a personal and collective possession.
Question 1
Question 1 (Page 24, Literature Textbook 11, Volume 1):
Which rhetorical device is used in all three excerpts below (taken from the folk poem "Farewell to the Loved One")? Analyze its expressive function in each case.
a. I love you, I will escort you all the way to your husband's house.
But the small birds circle high above, calling me back, I return.
The swallows below circle, as I walk away, I leave.
b. Don't leave me lonely in the forest.
Don't leave me amidst the raging torrent!
c. If we cannot marry in summer, we will marry in winter.
If we cannot marry while young, we will marry when we are old and grey.
Solution Approach:
Recall the knowledge of artistic devices and identify the rhetorical device used in each excerpt.
Detailed Solution:
a. Repetition of structure: "I return", "I leave".
Effect: Conveys the emotions of the speaker. It vividly reflects the sentiment and deep affection of the character.
b. Repetition of structure: "Don't leave me....".
Effect: Through the repetition, the sadness and longing of the girl, who must bid farewell to her lover, are expressed more intensely and genuinely.
c. Repetition of structure: "If we cannot marry...".
Effect: It vividly portrays the image and emotions of the character, who wants to be together, no matter how long it takes.
Question 2
Question 2 (Page 25, Literature Textbook 11, Volume 1):
Identify and analyze the effect of the repetition of structure in the following poems and sentences.
a. The blue sky is ours.
The forests and mountains are ours.
The fragrant fields are ours.
The vast roads are ours.
The rivers, heavy with red silt, are ours.
(Nguyen Dinh Thi)
b. My spring – the spring of North Vietnam, the spring of Hanoi – is a spring with drizzling rain, a cold breeze, the sound of nightingales crying in the blue night, the sound of drums echoing from distant villages, and the romantic songs of beautiful girls...
(Vu Bang)
c. If I were a bird, I would be a white dove.
If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower.
If I were a cloud, I would be a warm cloud.
If I were a human, I would die for my homeland.
(Truong Quoc Khanh)
d. Yet everyone blames him as the culprit. The lavish king is because of him, the lost wealth is because of him, the suffering of the people is because of him, the hatred of the barbarians is because of him, the gods' reproach is because of him. The Cuu Trung Dai, do they need it? They have risen with the sole purpose of killing him, covering Cuu Trung Dai.
(Nguyen Huy Tuong)
Solution Approach:
Identify the structure repetition and analyze its effect.
Detailed Solution:
a.
- Repetition of structure:
The blue sky is... The forests and mountains are...
The fragrant fields... The vast roads... The rivers...
- Effect: Contributes to the rhythm of the poem, creating a bold tone, emphasizing national pride and the beauty of the land.
b.
- Repetition of structure: "Spring..."
- Effect: Highlights the author's affection for the spring of Hanoi and North Vietnam, showing admiration and fondness for this season.
c.
- Repetition of structure: "If I were... I would..."
- Effect: Adds vivid imagery and emotional resonance, emphasizing the speaker's sincere desire to serve and contribute to the nation.
d.
- Repetition of structure: "...because of him"
- Effect: Intensifies the accusation, emphasizing the character's role in the misfortune and guilt.
Question 3
Question 3 (Page 25, Literature Textbook 11, Volume 1):
Write a paragraph (about 10-12 lines) analyzing the effect of the rhetorical device of repetition of structure in a poem you have studied or read.
Solution Approach:
Select a poem that uses the repetition of structure device and analyze its effect in a paragraph.
Detailed Solution:
The blue sky is ours.
The forests and mountains are ours.
The fragrant fields are ours.
The vast roads are ours.
The rivers, heavy with red silt, are ours.
(Nguyen Dinh Thi)
In this excerpt, poet Nguyen Dinh Thi uses a series of rhetorical devices, including repetition of words (here, is, of, ours), repeated phrases (ours), and repetition of structure (The blue sky is ours / The forests and mountains are ours). By using structural repetition, the poet successfully emphasizes and affirms the beauty of Vietnam's natural landscapes as belonging to the people of Vietnam. It also reflects the pride and victorious spirit of the people after years of struggle for national independence. The imagery of the sky, mountains, fields, roads, and rivers becomes more enchanting and beloved because they now belong to the people. The repetition also contributes to the rhythm of the poem, creating a powerful, heroic tone, reinforcing the pride and sovereignty over the land.
5. Sample Answer 2
Question 1 (page 24, Literature Textbook Grade 11, Volume 1): Which literary device is used in all three excerpts below (taken from the folk poem "Tiễn dặn người yêu")? Analyze the expressive effect of that device.
a) I love you, and it is my duty to escort you to your new home.
But the little bird above flies around, calling me to turn back, I turn back.
The swallow below circles around, urging me to leave, I leave.
b) Do not leave me stranded in the forest.
Do not leave me in the midst of rushing waves.
c) If we cannot marry in the summer, we will marry in the winter.
If we cannot be together in youth, we will be together when we are old.
Answer:
a) The literary device of repetition with the structure "I turn back" and "I leave".
Effect: Helps create the rhythm of the poem and emphasizes the emotional state of the man saying goodbye to his lover as she moves to her new life.
b) The literary device of repetition with the structure "Do not leave me".
Effect: The tone becomes desperate, almost pleading, emphasizing the deep emotional bond between the two lovers.
c) The literary device of repetition with the structure "If we cannot... we will".
Effect: The tone is firm and determined, underscoring the unwavering resolve and commitment to be together no matter the obstacles or time.
6. Sample Answer 3
Question 1: Which rhetorical device is used in all three excerpts below (taken from the folk poem "Tiễn dặn người yêu")? Analyze its expressive function.
a) I love you, and it is my duty to escort you to your new home.
Yet, the little bird high above circles, calling me to turn back. I turn back.
The swallow below circles, urging me to go. I go.
b) Do not leave me stranded in the forest.
Do not leave me amid the surging waves.
c) If we cannot marry in summer, we will marry in winter.
If we cannot be together in youth, we will marry when we are old.
Answer:
a) The rhetorical device of structural repetition: "I turn back," "I go."
Effect: This creates a rhythm that emphasizes the emotional conflict of the speaker, highlighting the emotional farewell as the lover embarks on a new chapter.
b) The rhetorical device of structural repetition: "Do not leave me..."
Effect: This repetition conveys the girl's deep sorrow and desperation as she pleads with her lover, accentuating the bond and emotional depth between them.
c) The rhetorical device of structural repetition: "If we cannot... we will..."
Effect: This emphasizes the unwavering determination of the couple to be together, regardless of time and circumstance.
Question 2: Identify and analyze the effect of the structural repetition in the following verses:
a) The blue sky is ours.
The mountains and forests are ours.
The fragrant fields are ours.
The endless roads are ours.
The rivers full of fertile silt are ours. (Nguyễn Đình Thi)
b) My spring – the spring of Northern Vietnam, the spring of Hanoi – is a spring with drizzle, a cool breeze, the call of swallows in the night sky, the sound of distant drumbeats from the village, and the haunting melodies of a beautiful girl. (Vũ Bằng)
c) If I were a bird, I would be a white dove.
If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower.
If I were a cloud, I would be a warm cloud.
If I were human, I would die for my homeland. (Trương Quốc Khánh)
d) Yet everyone blames him for everything. The king’s extravagance is because of him, the treasury’s depletion is because of him, the suffering of the people is because of him, the rage of the barbarians is because of him, and the gods' anger is because of him. They have no need for the Cửu Trùng Đài. Their purpose is to kill him and destroy Cửu Trùng Đài. (Nguyễn Huy Tưởng)
Answer:
a) Repetitive structure:
+ "The sky is ours..."
+ "The mountains and forests are ours..."
+ "The fields..."
+ "The roads..."
+ "The rivers..."
Effect: This repetition generates a rhythmic, powerful tone that affirms national pride, highlighting the speaker’s deep connection to the land and its natural beauty.
b) Repetitive structure: "Spring..."
Effect: The repetition emphasizes the speaker's affection and admiration for the spring of Hanoi and Northern Vietnam, conveying a deep sense of nostalgia and love for the season.
c) Repetitive structure: "If I were... I would..."
Effect: This repetition amplifies the speaker’s heartfelt desire to give, showcasing an intense emotional longing and a willingness to sacrifice.
d) Repetitive structure: "...because of him"
Effect: The repetition underscores the speaker’s indignation, pointing out the accusations and the injustice, as well as intensifying the condemnation of the character’s wrongdoings.
Question 3: Write a paragraph (10–12 lines) analyzing the effect of structural repetition in a poem you have read or studied.
Answer 1: The sky is ours.
The mountains and forests are ours.
The fragrant fields are ours.
The endless roads are ours.
The rivers full of fertile silt are ours. (Nguyễn Đình Thi, "Đất nước")
In this excerpt, Nguyễn Đình Thi employs a series of rhetorical devices including anaphora (repeating "ours" and "is"), and structural repetition ("The sky is ours, The mountains and forests are ours"). This repetition effectively emphasizes the ownership and pride in the land, while conveying a sense of triumph and sovereignty after years of struggle. The repetition gives the poem a rhythmic, almost chant-like quality, reinforcing the nation's deep connection to its beautiful natural landscape and highlighting the collective spirit of the people.
Answer 2: The waves are a dynamic, constant symbol, which is why poets often use them to represent love. Xuân Quỳnh uses the waves to symbolize the emotional fluctuations of a woman in love, filled with yearning and change. In the stanza:
Before the vast ocean’s waves,
I think of you, I.
I think of the vast sea,
From where do the waves arise?
Seeing the waves, "I think of you, I." The repetition of "I think of" accentuates the author’s introspection. This reveals a soul yearning for a pure, deep love. Faced with the boundlessness of nature and the ocean, the speaker does not think of herself or her family, but immediately of "you." The waves, the speaker, and "you" are interconnected. The waves are the speaker’s emotions, embodying her longing for love.
