Top 6 Essays on Leaders' Reflections through 'The Edict on Relocation' and 'The General's Appeal'

Exactly one thousand years ago, in 1009, King Lý Công Uẩn ascended the throne and adopted the title Lý Thái Tổ. The following spring, in 1010, he moved the capital from Hoa Lư to Thăng Long. From then on, the Lý dynasty reigned for over 200 years in an era of peace and prosperity. Around 1231, a child was born in Kiếp Bạc, Chí Linh, Hải Dương, and a seer predicted that 'This person will one day save the country.' This was Trần Hưng Đạo, the hero and saintly figure who left behind the 'General's Appeal' and 'Military Strategy.' Let us explore the role of wise leaders through the 'Edict on Relocation' by Lý Thái Tổ and the 'General's Appeal' by Trần Hưng Đạo.

The introduction to the edict highlights the king's devotion to 'the people's will' despite his supreme power as 'the Son of Heaven.' Lý Thái Tổ writes: 'Above, I follow the will of Heaven; below, I follow the people's will. If something proves beneficial, I will make changes accordingly.'

The Đại Việt history book notes that when King Đinh Tiên Hoàng chose Hoa Lư as the capital, he did so because it was a narrow area surrounded by towering limestone mountains, with only one entry path. Despite its natural defenses, Hoa Lư proved unsuitable for national development due to its cramped space, which led to internal conflicts. These included the murder of Đinh Tiên Hoàng by his own subject and infighting among the ruling family. Lý Thái Tổ reflected on this situation, noting, 'Both the Đinh and Lê dynasties followed their own will, staying in a city that hindered progress, resulting in short reigns and suffering for the people.'

After analyzing the reasons for relocating the capital, Lý Thái Tổ extolled the benefits of Đại La, describing it as the 'central point of heaven and earth,' with a dragon-shaped land formation that was perfectly aligned with the cardinal directions. The area was spacious and fertile, offering the people relief from floods and abundant resources.

Through his analysis, it is clear that Lý Thái Tổ sought not only strategic defense but also the well-being of the people. Historian Ngô Sĩ Liên praised the location: 'The mountains serve as a protective cloak, and the rivers as a defensive barrier. With the city in this position, no place in Vietnam is better suited for the throne.'

Lý Thái Tổ's edict also reflects his desire to build a strong and lasting dynasty. He praised rulers who planned for the long term and established legacies for their descendants. 'The rulers of the Three Dynasties did not arbitrarily change their capitals for personal gain, but for the sake of a greater future,' he wrote.

Indeed, relocating the capital to Thăng Long had significant economic and military advantages. The new location provided natural defenses, such as rivers and bridges, to protect the country from invaders. If enemies attacked by water, the rivers acted as natural fortifications, and if they attacked by land, the people were ready to defend.

The role of leaders is crucial in advancing a nation. Reflecting on our history of thousands of years of nation-building and defense, we recognize the vital importance of great kings and generals who led our people toward independence. By revisiting the royal edict of King Lý Công Uẩn and the military proclamation of General Trần Hưng Đạo, we further understand how wise leadership has shaped the course of our nation, whether in times of crisis or peace and prosperity.

Both Lý Công Uẩn and Trần Hưng Đạo were remarkable leaders, highly educated and dedicated to serving their country and people. They both had the clarity to understand the state of the nation and the responsibilities of both military and civilian populations. What set them apart were their bold decisions and actions that steered the nation toward stability and growth.

Trần Hưng Đạo, a brilliant military leader, achieved his famous victories through his deep devotion to the nation. His commitment and wisdom as a general and patriot are immortalized in the legendary text “Hịch Tướng Sĩ”. In the face of imminent invasion by the Mongol Yuan forces, he wrote the “Hịch” to rally his soldiers for a fight to the death. With powerful words, he condemned the Mongol’s injustices: “They mocked our court with insulting words, bullied our officials, and demanded precious resources from our people.” In contrast, Trần Hưng Đạo was dismayed by the lack of readiness among his own troops: “They enjoy feasting while our nation faces disaster, indulging in pleasures like cockfighting, music, and gambling.” Alarmed by his soldiers’ lack of vigilance, he realized that the key to victory lay in the unity and resolve of the people. He invoked examples of historical heroes who sacrificed their lives for the country to ignite the same sense of duty in his soldiers. Deeply affected by the situation, he confided his personal pain: “I often forget my meals, lose sleep, my heart breaks, my tears flow. I feel intense anger at not yet having the opportunity to fight the enemy.” He also vowed to sacrifice his life for the nation’s survival: “Even if my body is laid on the battlefield, I will die content.” His words, full of sincerity and determination, inspired the same fierce patriotism in his troops.

Trần Hưng Đạo laid out two choices for his soldiers: either endure the downfall of the nation and the destruction of their homes, or achieve eternal glory through victory. What’s remarkable is that Trần Hưng Đạo did not force his soldiers to fight; he simply presented them with the choices. In wartime, a nation not only faces external enemies but also the morale of its people. If the nation’s will is not united, no amount of weapons will secure victory. Similarly, the period of peace between the two Mongol invasions was a hidden trap that weakened the fighting spirit of the people. As a military leader, Trần Hưng Đạo recognized this and used his heartfelt leadership to rally the people and defeat this ‘spiritual fog’, contributing significantly to the “Sát Thát” spirit that resonates in Vietnamese history. His leadership embodies the qualities essential for a wartime leader and serves as a clear testament to the critical role of a nation's ruler in facing national threats.

The role of leaders is not only crucial in times of war but even more so in periods of peace. A shining example of leadership during peace is King Lý Công Uẩn, who founded the Lý dynasty in Vietnam. He was a wise and compassionate ruler who cared deeply for his people and had grand ambitions for the prosperity of the nation. Shortly after establishing the Lý dynasty, he made a bold and visionary decision: the “Chiếu Dời Đô,” relocating the capital from Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình) to Đại La, which was later renamed Thăng Long. This move was not just significant for its geographical and political implications but also because it demonstrated the king’s foresight in ensuring the country’s long-term stability. Moving the capital to Thăng Long marked a turning point for Đại Việt. It symbolized the nation’s maturation and signaled the beginning of the Lý dynasty’s glorious reign, which would take Vietnamese civilization to new heights.

Thanks to his intelligence and vision, Lý Công Uẩn recognized that while Hoa Lư’s rugged terrain had been effective in defending the country during the reigns of the Đinh and Lê dynasties, it was no longer suitable for fostering economic and cultural development. With the country at peace, Lý Công Uẩn understood the need for bold decisions, and his decision to move the capital to Đại La was one such decision. The location was strategically ideal, situated at the center of the country with favorable land for development and economic growth. The move was also in line with his vision for the future, where the people would no longer suffer from floods and scarcity, and resources would thrive. With his brilliance and compassion, King Lý Công Uẩn made a compelling case to his officials, presenting a forward-thinking vision for the nation’s future. The “Chiếu Dời Đô” remains a masterpiece of Vietnamese prose, showcasing the eloquence and wisdom of a true ruler.

The decision to move the capital also sparked pride and a renewed sense of purpose among the people. Under the Lý dynasty, Việt Nam entered a new era of prosperity, marked by economic stability, political order, and cultural flourishing. If Lý Công Uẩn had followed the practices of the Đinh and Lê dynasties and kept the capital at Hoa Lư, Đại Việt may not have experienced the same remarkable progress.

Both the “Chiếu Dời Đô” and the “Hịch Tướng Sĩ” are part of history, but they still offer valuable lessons today. Every community needs a wise and capable leader, and every nation requires someone at the helm who can look beyond immediate concerns, plan for the future, and act with the heart and mind of a true patriot. Through these historical examples, we understand the immense importance of visionary leadership in guiding a nation toward long-term success, and we continue to need leaders with such wisdom and compassion for the future of our country.

Ly Cong Uan and Tran Quoc Tuan were both brilliant, knowledgeable leaders with a deep understanding of both ancient and modern affairs. For a nation, when we talk about national leaders, we refer to those who lead the government, military, and culture.

As leaders, their first responsibility was to have foresight, to accurately assess the state of the nation, and from there determine the nation's true tasks.

Both Ly Cong Uan and Tran Quoc Tuan were exceptional leaders, highly learned in both ancient and modern knowledge. The first king of the Ly dynasty referenced the example of King Ban Cang of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in moving the capital. Tran Quoc Tuan also cited the heroes who sacrificed for their leaders and the nation, such as Do Vu, Du Nhượng, and Ki Tín. Knowing 'the past to understand the present' is an essential trait of great leaders. Through remembering past events, these leaders skillfully displayed their ability to handle current issues.

The Dinh and Le dynasties 'did not follow the example of the Zhou and Shang,' keeping the capital at Hoa Lu, a mountainous and harsh region. This decision led to the country facing many difficulties. History proved this, as the Dinh and Le dynasties had short reigns, with the people enduring hardship. It is clear that Ly Cong Uan's critique of these two dynasties reflected his leadership vision. He realized that the country was entering a time of peace, and Hoa Lu was no longer suitable for the capital.

Tran Quoc Tuan faced similar challenges. When the Yuan-Mongols first invaded Vietnam, Tran Quoc Tuan recognized the looming threat of another invasion. The Yuan-Mongol forces had shown no remorse for their previous defeat, and their intentions for a second war of conquest were evident.

As for the condition of his own soldiers, the renowned general was deeply pained to see them neglecting their duties in the face of the threat of invasion. They were distracted by trivial pastimes like cockfighting, music, and chess. He bitterly pointed out that these distractions could never defend against the enemy: 'The rooster’s spur can't pierce the enemy’s armor,' 'a beautiful song won’t deafen the enemy,' and 'a strategy based on chess can't replace military tactics.'

From their understanding of the situation, both leaders clearly defined the mission of their people and military. The key was their correct decisions and bold actions that led the nation to peace and prosperity.

Ly Thai To identified the current need to move the capital from Hoa Lu. But where to move it? 'Thang Long... the center of heaven and earth, with the dragon curled and the tiger resting, strategically positioned between the river and the mountains, a place where people would no longer suffer from floods, and resources would be abundant. Across all of Vietnam, this is the sacred land.' Realizing the unique advantages of Thang Long for national development, Ly Thai To made the wise decision to move the capital to this cultural heartland.

Tran Quoc Tuan, as the supreme commander of the resistance against the Yuan-Mongol invasion, firmly declared the will of the entire nation and encouraged his soldiers’ fighting spirit. He urged his troops to 'be prepared for battle, for the enemy is approaching,' emphasizing the importance of training and readiness. He even authored the 'Binh Thu Yeu Luoc' (Military Strategies), a manual for his soldiers to follow in order to strengthen their skills.

Throughout history, whether in feudal or democratic capitalist societies, leadership has always been essential. A leader guides, educates, and helps others contribute to the country's progress and society's welfare. In the past, feudal states, with their ruling elites—king and ministers—held significant influence over the nation. By examining two historical documents, "The Edict of Relocation" by Lý Công Uẩn and "The Call to Arms" by Trần Hưng Đạo, we gain a deeper understanding of this leadership dynamic.

"A ruler's power is temporary, but the people endure"—meaning that while kings and ministers may lead, the true foundation of a nation lies in its people. Both enlightened rulers, Lý Công Uẩn and Trần Quốc Tuấn, understood this deeply. The Edict of Relocation, although written in the royal proclamation style to issue decrees, was crafted with care, outlining the benefits of relocating the capital to Đại La, while subtly seeking feedback from the officials and citizens: "What do you think, my ministers?" In contrast, Trần Quốc Tuấn's "Call to Arms" emphasizes a different aspect of leadership in a time of chaos, when the country was at risk. In such dire circumstances, only united military forces and the entire nation’s resolve could ensure victory. Trần Quốc Tuấn knew this better than anyone. His "Call to Arms" was a direct appeal to the hearts of the soldiers and citizens, devoid of flowery language, but full of patriotic fervor: "Not only have I lost my wealth... but your homes are at risk as well..."

The people are the backbone of the nation, and the leader’s role is to strengthen that foundation. When a leader wins the people’s trust and governs wisely, prosperity and stability follow. A wise leader prioritizes the long-term well-being of their people, not just immediate gains. Lý Công Uẩn was such a ruler. His decision to move the capital to Đại La was based on careful observation. Đại La, centrally located with access to major rivers, fertile soil, favorable climate, and a thriving population, was the ideal place to ensure the country's growth. For Lý Công Uẩn, it was worthy of being the "eternal capital of an emperor."

He chose Đại La for the people, not for defense purposes like Hoa Lư. Thanks to his foresight, the nation endured for a millennium. The city of Đại La, later renamed Thăng Long, symbolizing the rising dragon, became a lasting monument, forever intertwined with the Lý, Trần, Lê, and Nguyễn dynasties. Lý Công Uẩn, though a feudal monarch, introduced an early concept of "democracy," where the state exists to serve the people's happiness.

On the other hand, Trần Quốc Tuấn, a brilliant military strategist in times of war, exemplified both mercy and strictness. Facing the formidable Mongol forces, he knew that unity was the key to survival. He led by reconciling conflicts between himself and the king, and through this unity, "The Call to Arms" was born. This document had a profound impact as it encouraged people to stand firm against weakness and fear, showing the consequences of passivity from the perspective of a common person: "Even if my body is left to rot on the battlefield, I will remain steadfast in my resolve." Thanks to his deep understanding of the people and his compassion for them, Trần Quốc Tuấn led the country to victory against a seemingly invincible foe.

In contrast, there were rulers who were weak and self-indulgent, like Lê Ngọa Triều, who, in his decadence, attended court lying down, and Mạc Đăng Dung, who betrayed the country and sought refuge in China. These rulers threatened the nation's survival, often prioritizing their own safety over the welfare of the people. In such times, new, enlightened leaders would emerge, as part of the natural cycle: prosperity leading to decline, and decline giving way to renewal.

In modern times, the situation is no longer feudal, but leadership remains as crucial as ever. Today, the leadership of the Party and the Government continues to serve the nation, much like the wise leaders of the past. I strive to follow their example and, one day, contribute to making Vietnam a prosperous and respected country.

Reading "The Edict of Relocation" and "The Call to Arms" by Lý Công Uẩn and Trần Quốc Tuấn, respectively, has given me many insights. In conclusion, I believe that true leaders shape the nation’s destiny. They have given us the Vietnam we know today, and I am deeply grateful and proud to be Vietnamese.