1. Reference Essay 4

2. Reference Essay 5

3. Reference Essay 6
The intelligence and wit of people, especially hardworking farmers, have always been praised by our ancestors. In folklore, tales of clever characters abound. The clever boy from the story of the same name has left a deep impression on generations of Vietnamese children.
Born into a poor farming family in a peaceful rural village, the clever boy's quick wit and exceptional intelligence are revealed through his ability to solve riddles. His talents were discovered by an official under very unexpected circumstances. While searching for talented individuals for the court, the official encountered the father and son working in the fields and challenged the father with a riddle: 'How many furrows can your ox plow in one day?' While the father was unsure, the clever boy quickly responded by asking the official, 'How many steps can your horse take in one day?' This clever reply immediately showed the boy's sharpness and intelligence. The official was so impressed that he eagerly reported back to the king.
Once again, the boy's intelligence was showcased when he solved a riddle posed by the king. The king, who had given three male buffaloes and three baskets of rice with the impossible task of having the buffaloes produce nine calves in three years, was impressed by the boy's calm and wise response. While the villagers feared the task was impossible, the clever boy remained composed and suggested that they slaughter the buffaloes and hold a feast for the villagers. He cleverly used the situation to question the king's logic, pointing out that male buffaloes could not possibly give birth. In this moment, the boy not only demonstrated intelligence but also courage in confronting the king.
The king, pleased with the boy's abilities, presented an even harder challenge: the boy was asked to prepare a banquet with just a single sparrow. Once again, the boy responded cleverly, asking the king to provide someone to forge knives to prepare the bird. Such an unexpected challenge required a level of intelligence and resourcefulness that only the clever boy possessed.
The folk tale writer not only highlighted the intelligence of the protagonist but also structured the challenges so that they increased in difficulty. The king's tests for the clever boy escalated, and they were no longer simply his own riddles, but also those posed by foreign ambassadors. When a riddle from a neighboring country was presented, the entire court was stumped, and the clever boy solved it effortlessly. The ambassador’s riddle asked how to thread a needle through a spiral shell. With a quick wit, the boy solved it by singing a traditional rhyme:
'Tang ting tang! Tang ting tang!'
'Catch the ant, tie a thread around its waist,
One side lifts the paper, the other coats it in oil, the ant will happily cross over.'
'Tang ting tang...'
By solving the riddle with a simple rhyme, the clever boy saved not only the royal court but also the entire country. The ambassador’s challenge was meant to test if the country had any worthy talent. With his effortless solution, the boy thwarted any plans for invasion, thereby contributing to the peace and security of the nation.
In conclusion, through progressively difficult riddles, the folk tale celebrates the intelligence of the common people. The image of the clever boy and his story have become an enduring symbol of wisdom in the hearts of generations of Vietnamese people.

4. Reference Essay 7
The story of the clever boy is one of Vietnam's most beloved folk tales, celebrated for its unique charm. It honors the intelligence of the people in their everyday lives.
The central character, the clever boy, demonstrates his intelligence through four key challenges.
First, when a strange question was posed by an official: 'How many furrows can your ox plow in one day?' the boy cleverly responded with a counter-question: 'How many steps can your horse take in one day?' By turning the unanswerable into another unanswerable, the boy used a common trick in many folk tales. For example, a question might ask: 'How many hairs are on a head?' and the response might be: 'How many hairs are in a nose?'...
Second, the king ordered the boy's village to receive three baskets of rice and three male buffaloes, demanding that they produce nine calves within three years. Of course, this was absurd because male buffaloes can’t give birth. While the villagers were filled with dread, the clever boy came up with a brilliant plan: he instructed his father to slaughter two buffaloes, use two baskets of rice to make sticky rice for the villagers to feast on, and then take the remaining rice and one buffalo to sell. This would cover the costs for the boy and his father to travel to the capital to meet the king. When the boy met the king, he feigned sadness and complained that his father could not produce any more children. The boy cleverly tricked the king into admitting that a male could not give birth, and then asked: 'Why, then, are we ordered to raise three male buffaloes to give birth to nine calves?' This rhetorical use of logic effectively exposed the king’s unreasonable command.
The third challenge came when the king sent the boy a sparrow and ordered that it be made into three separate dishes. The clever boy responded by asking the king to send a needle to be forged into three knives. Given the rudimentary technology of the time, it was impossible to forge a needle into three knives, just as it was impossible to turn a sparrow into three dishes. This clever response again showed the boy’s ability to turn the impossible into a clever argument.
Lastly, the boy faced a challenge from a neighboring ambassador who posed a riddle: 'How can you thread a string through the twisted shell of a snail?' While the court and officials were stumped, the clever boy effortlessly solved the riddle by singing a traditional rhyme:
'Tang ting tang! Tang ting tang!'
'Catch the ant, tie a string around its waist,
One side lifts the paper, the other coats it in oil, the ant will happily cross over.'
'Tang ting tang...'
The boy's solution, though simple, astounded the foreign ambassador, who witnessed the ant threading the string through the spiral shell.
After these four challenges, the clever boy was honored as the highest scholar, staying close to the king and advising him. The boy’s rise to prominence, at such a young age, was an incredible testament to his wit and wisdom.
This folk tale is reminiscent of the story of Trạng Quỳnh. It’s filled with humor and cleverness, showcasing a young boy who, despite his age, becomes a trusted advisor to the emperor and earns the admiration of foreign emissaries. The story reflects the humble lives of the people, who used wit and imagination to bring joy to their lives and show their respect for intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. The folk tale champions the value of intelligence, highlighting that wit and creativity are priceless virtues that everyone should nurture.

5. Reference Essay 1
The story of the clever boy is a fascinating folk tale that stands out in Vietnamese culture. It highlights the intelligence that comes from practical life experience.
The protagonist, the clever boy, embodies the archetype of a wise character in folklore. The author places him in several challenges to emphasize his virtuous qualities. This character does not have a specific name and is referred to simply as 'the boy' or 'the child,' symbolizing that he represents the average person.
The boy’s intelligence is revealed through his ability to solve riddles. With each challenge, the difficulty increases, and the boy’s answers become more clever and convincing. In the first riddle, a royal official, tasked with finding talented people, visits the boy's village. The official sees a father and son working in the fields and asks the father, 'How many furrows can your ox plow in one day?' Before the father can respond, the son quickly asks, 'Can you tell me how many steps your horse takes in one day? If you answer that, I’ll tell you how many furrows my father’s ox plows.' This clever response shows the boy’s resourcefulness and sharp mind. The official, impressed, returns to report the discovery of talent to the king.
The next challenge comes from the king. The king sends three male buffaloes and three baskets of rice to the boy’s village, instructing the villagers to make the buffaloes produce nine calves within three years. The villagers are worried, unsure how to solve this impossible task. But the boy remains calm and suggests that his father instruct the villagers to slaughter two buffaloes, cook the rice, and hold a feast. The remaining buffalo and rice would be sold to fund the boy’s trip to the capital. When the boy arrives at the king's palace, he feigns grief, explaining that his father could no longer father children. His clever approach convinces the king that male buffaloes cannot give birth, thus exposing the king’s unreasonable order.
For the next riddle, the king presents a difficult challenge. The king orders the boy to prepare a meal using only a sparrow. The boy, ever resourceful, hands the king’s messenger a needle and asks him to take it back to the king, requesting that it be forged into three knives for preparing the bird. The king, struck by the boy’s wisdom, rewards him generously.
The final and most challenging test involves a neighboring country that seeks to determine if Vietnam has any real talent. They send an emissary with a long spiral shell and ask how to thread a string through its hollow interior. While the court’s officials are stumped, the clever boy solves the riddle with ease by singing a traditional rhyme:
'Tang ting tang! Tang ting tang!'
'Catch the ant, tie a string around its waist,
One side lifts the paper, the other coats it in oil, the ant will happily cross.'
'Tang ting tang…'
His solution, though simple, leaves the foreign emissary in awe. The boy’s answer saves the country from the threat of invasion, and he is rewarded by being named the top scholar. He is given a residence near the palace to be available for counsel, a fitting reward for his cleverness.
Though still a child, the boy’s calm demeanor and quick thinking allow him to solve problems that even adults might struggle with. This demonstrates not only his intelligence but also his bravery. His answers are based on practical knowledge, reminding us that real-life experience can be more valuable than book knowledge when facing real challenges.
The clever boy in this tale serves as an exemplary figure of wisdom in folklore, and through his character, the author conveys important lessons about the value of intelligence, creativity, and the practical application of knowledge.

6. Reference Essay 2
'The Clever Boy' is one of the most well-known folk tales in Vietnamese culture, with the central character being the clever boy himself.
The story begins with a king who, seeking wise individuals to help govern the country, sends an official to search far and wide. Everywhere the official goes, he poses tricky riddles that no one can answer.
One day, the official passes through a village and sees a father and son working in the fields. The official approaches the father and asks, 'How many furrows can your ox plow in a day?' Before the father can respond, the son quickly asks the official, 'How many steps does your horse take in a day?' Upon hearing this, the official believes he has found the talent he’s been searching for and returns to report to the king. The clever boy’s response to the official’s puzzling question is itself a riddle, cleverly turning the tables on the questioner.
After hearing the story, the official returns to the capital with good news, but the king, still curious, decides to challenge the boy once more. The king orders that the village be given three male buffaloes and three baskets of rice, instructing them to make the buffaloes produce nine calves within three years. If they fail, the entire village will be punished. The clever boy remains unfazed. He advises the villagers to slaughter two buffaloes and cook the rice for a feast, while he and his father head to the capital. Once at the royal palace, the boy causes a commotion, crying loudly, prompting the king to call for him. The boy explains that his mother passed away and that he hoped his father could marry again to have a sibling for companionship. The king laughs and tells the boy, 'To have a child, your father must marry another woman, for a male cannot bear children.' The clever boy then asks, 'If that is true, why did the king order my village to raise three male buffaloes to produce nine calves?' This question makes the king and his court laugh, and the king admits he was merely testing the boy's wit. The boy's calm, clever solution to the royal command impresses everyone.
Not content, the king presents yet another challenge. While the father and son are eating at an inn, the king orders a sparrow to be caught and prepared into three dishes. The boy asks his father for a needle and hands it to the royal messenger, instructing him to take it back to the king and have it forged into a knife to cut the bird. This clever solution further demonstrates the boy’s quick wit and earns him even more admiration from the king and his court.
Meanwhile, a neighboring country, hoping to invade, sends an emissary with a long spiral shell and challenges the boy to thread a string through its narrow opening. Once again, the boy solves the riddle, leaving the emissary from the foreign land amazed. Eventually, the boy is honored with the title of top scholar. As the challenges become harder, the boy’s answers become more convincing, proving that his intelligence is truly extraordinary. Despite his young age, the boy remains calm and resourceful, solving problems that even adults might struggle with. This not only proves his intelligence but also his courage. His solutions are grounded in practical experience, showing the value of real-world knowledge over theoretical learning.
In conclusion, the story highlights the cleverness of the boy. Thanks to his intelligence, he is rewarded, made a top scholar, and given a residence near the royal palace to continue advising the king.

7. Reference Essay 3

