1. Reference Essay 4
Mythology is one of the oldest literary genres, originating long ago to narrate stories about gods and the origins of natural phenomena. Vietnamese mythology is well-known both nationally and internationally for its vivid explanations of natural occurrences. One of the most prominent myths in Vietnamese literature is the tale of the Goddess of Rice, which explains the origins of rice cultivation in legend.
The myth of the Goddess of Rice dates back to the time of the Hung Kings, when the nation was being established, and the early stages of societal development were beginning to take shape. The story, passed down by the Hung Kings, speaks of a beautiful and graceful goddess, though quick-tempered and often sulky. It is said that the Goddess of Rice was the daughter of the Jade Emperor, and during violent floods caused by nature, many creatures perished. The gods sent her to Earth to nourish humanity.
Upon her descent to Earth, the Goddess of Rice began her task of nurturing humanity by planting seeds that quickly sprouted into crops. The rice grew into grains and ripened without requiring human effort. The crops would automatically return to the homes of the people without any need for harvesting, carrying, or drying. When people needed food, they could simply cook the rice and it would transform into meal-ready rice.
One day, a young girl in a house was busy with other chores and hadn't yet opened the rice storage. As the rice came back, she took the broom she was holding and struck the rice stalks, scolding them. The Goddess of Rice, witnessing this, became furious. After that, the rice stalks spoke and declared that only with a sickle or reaping tool could the rice be harvested. From then on, the rice would no longer return to the people automatically.
Seeing the people struggling to gather rice, the invention of the sickle helped ease their burden. However, the rice no longer transformed into meal-ready rice, and people had to thresh and grind it before it became white, usable rice. The Goddess's anger led to some crops being poorly formed. From then on, each harvest season, people would worship the Goddess of Rice, offering her the fruits of their labor in hopes of a bountiful harvest. This practice became part of a festive tradition, celebrated with various activities known as the Rice Flower Festival.
The Goddess of Rice, a benevolent deity, assisted humanity in avoiding hard labor, but her anger arose because people did not show proper appreciation. This myth represents a key example of Vietnamese mythology, explaining not only natural phenomena but also imparting the value of respecting hard work and understanding the origins of rice cultivation.

2. Reference Essay 5
In ancient mythology, the story of the 'Goddess of Rice' is one of the earliest tales that explains the custom of rice offerings and provides an explanation for the phenomenon of underdeveloped rice grains. The story's theme and artistic elements have contributed to its enduring legacy, ensuring it has been passed down through generations.
The myth of the 'Goddess of Rice' falls within the genre of mythology, which is composed of imaginary figures created by the people's imagination and creativity. These stories helped people understand natural phenomena and answer seemingly unexplainable questions. In terms of artistic elements, the 'Goddess of Rice' myth uses magical elements while constructing the image of a goddess who helps humanity. The tale also includes a story where a woman strikes rice stalks with a broom, leading to the Goddess's displeasure. These creative aspects serve to explain why humans must now harvest rice manually and the origin of underdeveloped rice grains. The narrative is not one of anger or frustration, but instead, it conveys a resigned acceptance that humans must work for their food. The myth uses vivid imagery and mystical details to captivate the reader. Characters are deified, turning them into powerful gods in line with traditional mythological structures. Thus, the 'Goddess of Rice' is a captivating myth with rich artistic values. It explains the process of harvesting rice, which is viewed as a heavenly treasure. Through this, we can also see that ancient farmers, despite their arduous work, possessed a rich imagination, constantly seeking to understand the mysteries of life.
Through the 'Goddess of Rice,' ancient people explained the process of rice cultivation and the mystery of underdeveloped grains. The story, with its distinct artistic features, reaffirms the importance and place of this myth in Vietnamese mythology.

3. Reference Essay 6
The 'Goddess of Rice' is a Vietnamese myth that tells the story of the origins of rice and some local customs. Not only does it explain the birth of rice grains, but it also carries significant artistic values from various ethnic groups in Vietnam.
The myth of the 'Goddess of Rice' has a simple yet captivating plot. It tells of a goddess, initially the daughter of the Jade Emperor, who is sent down to Earth to assist humanity. She cast a spell to make the land fertile for cultivation and taught people how to grow rice. Later, she made it so that rice stalks could return home on their own. But one day, a girl, too busy playing, forgot to clean up before the rice returned, and even struck the rice stalks with a broom. This angered the goddess, who then prohibited the rice from returning home on its own, forcing people to cut and bring the rice home. The creativity of this story explains the origins of the rice plant and the human activity of harvesting rice. Through their imagination, the ancient people elevated the rice plant, making it a sacred entity rather than just a natural product. This is a subtle way of honoring the value of rice. The goddess herself is also depicted with a backstory and personality. She is compassionate and helps humanity live well, yet when humans fail her expectations, she becomes angry. The goddess's emotions are relatable, yet she possesses extraordinary powers that the ancients admired.
The details of the story are enhanced with artistic elements, making it even more engaging and relatable. The goddess's portrayal, through the use of magical elements, deepens the connection between the myth and the people. After reading this story, we gain insights into the origins of rice, the respect people had for this essential food, and their reverence for the gods, as well as the ancient desire to conquer nature's mighty forces. In conclusion, the 'Goddess of Rice' myth successfully blends artistry with an engaging storyline to convey its core message.

4. Reference Essay 7
Since ancient times, humans have had the desire to explore the origins of the things around them. Lacking the means to verify or investigate these mysteries, they turned to storytelling. Through their imagination, people created many fascinating myths, including the story of the 'Goddess of Rice.'
The 'Goddess of Rice,' as the story goes, is the daughter of the Jade Emperor, who taught people how to grow rice for sustenance. The portrayal of the goddess is quite intriguing, as she exhibits human-like emotions, such as joy and anger, making her more relatable to people. Her actions show that she deeply cares for humanity, bringing them prosperity and good fortune. Despite her magical powers, she is depicted as having a deep love for people. The goddess had the ability to control nature and possessed vast knowledge that humans did not have. The character of the goddess is both familiar and extraordinary. The rice plant was created by the goddess, and initially, the rice stalks would return home on their own, without any effort from humans. However, after humans made a mistake, they were required to harvest the rice manually, which was much more labor-intensive. Through this story, the people subtly express their respect for this essential food that sustained them. The rice plant was not regarded the way it is today but was personified, becoming sacred and even acquiring its own personality.
The story becomes deeper when it addresses human error and the resulting punishment. However, this very punishment further emphasizes the moral of the story: only through hard work can one truly appreciate what they have and what they create. This serves as an invaluable lesson, not just about the origins of rice, but also as a reminder to future generations to honor the fruits of their labor.

5. Reference Essay 1
Vietnamese mythology, much like legends, often carries a mystical tone, yet it seeks to explain more ordinary and tangible phenomena. This makes the stories relatable, particularly for the working class. Among these, the myth of the Goddess of Rice is particularly significant for the ethnic minorities of Vietnam.
In the myth, the Goddess of Rice is portrayed as the daughter of the Jade Emperor, the supreme ruler of the heavens. After humans began to populate the Earth, the goddess descended to bless humanity. She cast spells to make seeds germinate and rice grains mature, thus providing sustenance for mankind. However, due to their ignorance and lack of respect for the goddess, humans were eventually required to work for their food.
At first, the Goddess of Rice is revered as a powerful deity, full of compassion for humanity. She grants the gift of rice, which grows effortlessly and matures on its own. People need only to place the rice in a pot, and it will turn into cooked rice. This idyllic existence is what humans dream of today—life without the burden of natural disasters, yet with abundant rice that requires no effort to harvest or process.
However, this golden era doesn't last long, and it is humanity’s own fault. In the story, a woman defies customs, neglects her chores, and even scolds the rice as it returns home. This angers the goddess, who then forbids the rice from returning by itself. From that moment on, humans must harvest, dry, and mill the rice before they can cook it.
The woman in the story is a metaphor for the feminine stereotype of the time—easily angered, meticulous, and prone to disrupting things. While many may find this portrayal problematic, it reflects the imaginative way ancient people explained why rice no longer returned on its own.
Later in the story, it is said that “Heaven sent an angel to scatter rice and grass seeds across the Earth to sustain humans and animals.” Grass, though helpful in some ways, also hindered the growth of rice. “As a result, grass grows abundantly and fiercely, while rice struggles to thrive. Without proper care, the rice is overwhelmed by the grass.”
In the same way, humans must care for the land to make rice grow, tending to it with effort and time. The process of harvesting, drying, and milling the rice is laborious and time-consuming, which reflects the hardships of life today. This myth subtly conveys that labor is required to appreciate the fruits of one’s efforts.
Interestingly, the tone of the story is not one of anger or bitterness. The people accept that they must work hard for their food. The myth uses vivid, magical imagery that captivates the reader, creating a narrative that presents gods with supernatural powers, as is typical in mythological tales.
The Goddess of Rice is a remarkable myth that carries profound artistic value. It explains the process of collecting rice—nature’s precious gift. Through this story, we also glimpse the rich imagination of ancient farmers, who, though toiling under the sun and stars, had creative minds that sought to understand the world around them.

6. Reference Essay 2
The earliest fairy tales often took the form of myths, explaining the origins of the sky, earth, rain, sun, plants, and even mankind itself. Some tales even explore the origins of familiar fruits essential to agricultural life, such as the myth of the Rice Goddess. This is a captivating and intriguing tale, drawing readers in with its fascinating storyline, rooted in the wild imagination of the people. The story of the Rice Goddess presents a character of great beauty, charm, and grace. She is said to be the daughter of the Jade Emperor, loved and cherished by him from childhood. After a great flood destroyed all life, the Emperor sent his daughter to the human world to nourish humanity. The Rice Goddess allowed the seeds sown in the earth to sprout, grow into plants, and bear fruit. The rice would return to the people without needing to be harvested or dried. All they needed to do was place the rice in a pot, and it would magically turn into cooked rice.
However, a key event in the story introduces a dramatic twist: one day, as usual, the Rice Goddess was bringing rice home when she encountered a woman sweeping the yard. The woman scolded her for bringing the rice back at the wrong time, and this angered the Goddess. In her fury, she cast a spell preventing the rice from returning on its own. From that moment, humans had to labor to harvest the rice, dry it, and process it before they could cook with it.
The woman in this story symbolizes how women were once perceived—irritable and meticulous, perhaps prone to disrupting the natural order. While this may be controversial, it reflects the ancient people’s creative explanations for why rice no longer grew effortlessly. The tale goes on to describe how harvesting rice requires a sharp sickle and hard work, and how turning rice into grains requires drying and milling. It also mentions the varying quality of rice, with good and bad grains. Despite these elements of fantasy, the Rice Goddess remains an intriguing character. The story is told in the third person, focusing on the Rice Goddess and her association with the rice plant. Folk tales typically use the third person to convey deeper meanings and give the story more space and time for development. While magical details appear throughout—such as the Rice Goddess's powers and the rice's ability to move on its own—they don’t overwhelm the narrative, but instead add a captivating touch.
This tale offers a practical explanation of the origins of rice, how it is grown, tended to, and harvested, transforming it into the staple grain we rely on. Through this story, the author imparts valuable lessons about life, hard work, and diligence: it is only through continuous effort that one can achieve success. The story encourages us to value the fruits of our labor and appreciate the rice that sustains us. At the end of the book, there are notes on rice festivals still held annually in central and mountainous regions of Vietnam, such as the Rice Flower Procession and other local traditions. These customs explain the origins of some familiar rural practices. In this way, the story of the Rice Goddess can be placed in the category of legends about the spiritual world. Ultimately, the tale of the Rice Goddess is a fascinating narrative that not only explains the origin of rice but also teaches valuable lessons about labor and appreciation for life’s resources.

7. Reference Essay 3
Vietnamese mythology is a fascinating genre, blending the mystical with legend, uniquely connecting the spiritual world with the everyday realities of life. These tales are deeply ingrained in the lives of the working class and often feature the water rice plant, symbolizing the heart of Vietnamese mythology. This reveals the inventiveness and richness of the myth-makers' artistry.
Among the notable myths, the tale of the Rice Goddess stands out, cherished by the Vietnamese people. The story recounts the Rice Goddess, the daughter of the Jade Emperor, who created seeds, especially rice, to sustain humanity. In the myth, people live with ease, no longer needing to toil for food. The rice grows and returns home on its own, without the need for harvesting or milling. This idyllic scene represents the dream of a perfect life, where food is plentiful without the struggles of nature.
However, as in many myths, such bliss cannot last forever. The disruption comes from humanity itself. In the story, a woman ignores the rules, interfering with the rice as it returns home. The Rice Goddess becomes angered, and from that point onward, the rice no longer comes home on its own. Humans must now work to harvest and process the rice to feed themselves. The woman in the myth represents the female figure, perhaps also symbolizing how ancient cultures conveyed the lesson that humans must work diligently and follow the natural laws of the world.
This tale not only reflects the realities of ancient Vietnamese life but also tells how celestial beings brought rice and grasses to nourish both humans and nature. The grass, though beneficial to life, also slows the growth of the rice. The agricultural life and the laborious efforts required to cultivate rice are portrayed vividly in this story. Despite the hardship, there is no complaining or anger. The people accept their circumstances and continue to work tirelessly. The Rice Goddess myth combines both enchanting imagery and mysticism, while showcasing a deep reverence for nature in Vietnamese culture.

