Buzz
1. Tóm tắt lý thuyết về câu điều kiện
Câu điều kiện là câu dùng để nêu lên một giả thuyết về một sự việc, hiện tượng nào đó. Sự vật, hiện tượng đó chỉ xảy ra khi điều kiện xảy ra. Câu điều kiện bao gồm 2 mệnh đề: mệnh đề điều kiện (mệnh đề chứa “if”) và mệnh đề chính (mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả).
1.1. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện
Hãy cùng điểm qua từng cấu trúc và cách sử dụng của 4 loại câu điều kiện.
Câu điều kiện loại 0
Bản chất của câu điều kiện loại 0:
| If + S + V(s/es), S + V(s/es) |
Cả 2 mệnh đề đều chia ở thì hiện tại đơn.
Câu điều kiện loại 0 được dùng để biểu thị sự thật rõ ràng, sự thật luôn xảy ra.
E.g.: If the water is 0 Celsius degrees, it turns to solid form. (Nếu nước đạt 0 độ C, nó sẽ chuyển sang thể rắn).
→ Điều này là một sự thật rõ ràng xảy ra với nhiệt độ đông đặc của nước.
Câu điều kiện loại 1
Cấu trúc:
| If + S + V(s/es), S + will + V(nguyên thể) |
Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề chứa “if” chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề còn lại chia thì tương lai đơn.
Câu điều kiện loại 1 được sử dụng để giả định về một hành động có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
E.g.: If you give up bad habits, you will become a better person. (Nếu bạn tư bỏ một số thói quen xấu thì bạn sẽ trở thành người tốt hơn).
→ Hành động ‘“trở thành một người tốt hơn” có thể hoàn toàn xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Câu điều kiện loại 2
Cấu trúc:
| If + S + V-ed, S + would/should + V (nguyên thể) |
Mệnh đề chứa “if” được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề còn lại ta sử dụng cấu trúc: “would/should + V (nguyên thể).
Câu điều kiện loại 2 được sử dụng để diễn tả một điều không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc một điều vô lý.
E.g.: If I found a dinosaur, I would be so happy. (Nếu tôi tìm thấy một chú khủng long thì tôi sẽ vui lắm).
→ Điều kiện “tìm thấy một con khủng long” được coi là một việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại, gần như vô lý.
* Lưu ý: Nếu mệnh đề có động từ là “to be” thì ta sẽ dùng “were” với tất cả các ngôi.
E.g.: If I were you, I would save more money. (Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi sẽ tiết kiệm tiền nhiều hơn).
Câu điều kiện loại 3
Cấu trúc:
| If + S + had + V3, S + would/should + have + V3 |
Mệnh đề chứa “if” trong câu điều kiện loại 3 chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành, mệnh đề còn lại chia theo cấu trúc: would/should + have + V3.
Câu điều kiện loại 3 được sử dụng để nói về một sự việc trái với sự thật trong quá khứ.
E.g.: If there had been no blood these days, we wouldn’t have lost our house. (Nếu không có bão vào những ngày đó thì chúng ta đã không bị mất nhà ở).
→ Việc “không có máu” là một sự việc trái ngược với thực tế trong quá khứ rằng gần đây đã xảy ra cơn bão làm mất mát nhà cửa của nhiều người.
2. 100 bài tập câu điều kiện trắc nghiệm
2.1. Bài tập
Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. We’ll have lunch outside in the garden, provided that it’s not too cold.
- A. if
- B. unless
- C. in case
- D. should
2. James could win more races if he applied himself more in training.
- A. would
- B. will
- C. would have
- D. shall
3. If the machine malfunctions, press this button.
- A. stop
- B. stops
- C. would stop
- D. stopped
4. The lecturer didn’t know what he was talking about, but had Dr. Mason been speaking, I would have listened carefully.
- A. lectured
- B. was lecturing
- C. would lecture
- D. had been lecturing
5. I can’t understand what she sees in him! If anyone treated me like that, I would be extremely angry!
- A. am
- B. would be
- C. will be
- D. was
6. If you finish up all the peach juice from the carton, you ought to go out and buy some more.
- A. drank
- B. drinking
- C. drunk
- D. drink
7. Rachel will be happy once she passes her driving test.
- A. should
- B. will
- C. if
- D. unless
8. I would have visited you sooner had I known you were in hospital.
- A. visited
- B. visit
- C. had visited
- D. would have visited
9. If you had left the party earlier that night, you would have been able to get home.
- A. would be
- B. will be
- C. would have been
- D. would been
10. You can use my car provided that you drive carefully.
- A. unless
- B. as long as
- C. as soon as
- D. when
11. If everyone worked an extra hour a day, it would greatly increase production.
- A. work
- B. works
- C. working
- D. worked
12. If energy were inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
- A. is
- B. were
- C. will be
- D. would be
13. Don’t bother to ring me unless it’s important.
- A. unless
- B. in case
- C. if
- D. as
14. If you help me with this exercise, I will return the favor one day.
- A. will
- B. would
- C. was
- D. am
15. According to the timetable, if the train arrives on time, we will arrive at 5.30.
- A. leaves/ would
- B. left/ would
- C. leaves/ will
- D. was leaving/ would
16. If I could speak Spanish, I would spend next year studying in Mexico.
- A. will spend
- B. had spent
- C. would spend
- D. would have spent
17. The teacher won’t stop talking. Make sure you understand the lesson clearly.
- A. if
- B. as soon as
- C. providing
- D. unless
18. You’d better take a coat lest it gets cold.
- A. if
- B. in case
- C. as long as
- D. while
19. If you had listened to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
- A. listen
- B. will listen
- C. listened
- D. had listened
20. If you behave better this weekend, we will go camping.
- A. will feel
- B. felt
- C. are
- D. being
21. If you don’t get home before 10 p.m., you won’t be able to get into the dormitory.
- A. are not
- B. would not
- C. can not
- D. will not
22. You yourself could fall ill if you don’t eat properly.
- A. were to make
- B. make
- C. would make
- D. will make
23. If the ball had crossed the line, that would have been the end of the game.
- A. had crossed
- B. crossed
- C. crosses
- D. cross
24. With a bit more help, I could call my neighbor.
- A. Should I need
- B. Needed
- C. I have needed
- D. I should need
25. Come on! If we don’t hurry, we’ll miss the plane!
- A. if
- B. unless
- C. in case
- D. supposed
26. Would you like to see my coin collection?
- A. will
- B. would
- C. do
- D. have
27. I didn’t get home until after midnight last night. Otherwise, I would have answered your call.
- A. would return
- B. had returned
- C. returned
- D. would have returned
28. If Jake had decided to go on the trip, would you have gone?
- A. hadn’t agreed
- B. doesn’t agree
- C. didn’t agreed
- D. wouldn’t agree
29. If I find Rob’s phone number now, I will inform him about the change in plans.
- A. called
- B. had called
- C. could call
- D. will call
30. If I see him, I will give him this gift.
- A. give
- B. would give
- C. gave
- D. will give
31. If I had a typewriter, I would use it myself.
- A. am typing
- B. would have typed
- C. would typed
- D. typed
32. If you don’t keep quiet, you will wake the baby up.
- A. will
- B. can
- C. had
- D. would
33. If I had known that you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
- A. will visit
- B. would have visited
- C.would visit
- D. visited
34. I don’t understand this problem. I wish I understood it better.
- A. understands
- B. would understand
- C. had understood
- D. understood
35. It never stops raining here. I wish it would stop raining.
- A. stopped
- B. would stop
- C. had stopped
- D. will stop
36. If I had his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
- A. knowing
- B. knew
- C. had known
- D. know
37. If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you would have gotten a seat.
- A. arrived
- B. had arrived
- C. arrive
- D. would arrive
38. This exercise is very dull. I wish the teacher gave us some more interesting things to do.
- A. gave
- B. would give
- C. had given
- D. will give
39. I would have visited you earlier if there had not been quite a lot of people in your house.
- A. hadn’t
- B. hadn’t been
- C. wouldn’t be
- D. wasn’t
40. If you had driven to your office, you would have been late for work.
- A. wouldn’t have been
- B. would be
- C. wouldn’t be
- D. would have been
41. If I were you, I wouldn’t go with him to the club.
- A. were
- B. are
- C. be
- D. was
42. I should never have said that. I wish I hadn't said that.
- A. didn’t say
- B. wouldn’t say
- C. hadn’t said
- D. says
43. I speak terrible English. I wish I spoke English well.
- A. spoke
- B. would speak
- C. had spoken
- D. speaks
44. If she had listened as the teacher told her, she would have succeeded.
- A. she has done
- B. she does
- C. she had done
- D. she did
45. You made a mistake by telling him a lie. It would have been better if you hadn't lied to him.
- A. would be / hadn’t lied
- B. would be / didn’t lie
- C. will be / don’t lie
- D. would have been / hadn’t lied
46. John would be taking a great risk if he invested his money in that business.
- A. would invest
- B. invested
- C. had invested
- D. invests
47. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it would be quiet.
- A. kept
- B. would keep
- C. had kept
- D. will keep
48. If I had known her phone number, I would have called her last night.
- A. had known/ could have phoned
- B. knew/ could phone
- C. know/ can phone
- D. knew/would have phoned
49. The children will be happy if he teaches them English.
- A. taught
- B. teaches
- C. teach
- D. would teach
50. If she had bought a new hard disk, she would not have lost all data.
- A. hadn’t bought
- B. didn’t buy
- C. buys
- D. will not buy
51. If he told the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
- A. tells
- B. told
- C. had told
- D. would tell
52. I didn’t see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I had seen it.
- A. saw
- B. would see
- C. had seen
- D. seen
53. She says if she had known that the traffic lights were red she would have stopped.
- A. had realized / would stop
- B. realized / could have stopped
- C. has realized / stopped
- D. had realized / would have stopped
54. If I find a cheap room, I will stay for a fortnight.
- A. find
- B. found
- C. was finding
- D. would find.
55. She wouldn’t have given them all the money if they hadn’t needed it.
- A. required
- B. hadn’t required
- C. didn’t require
- D. had required
56. I am very thin. I think, if I quit smoking, I might gain weight.
- A. stop
- B. had stopped
- C. will stop
- D. stopped
57. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I had taken the earlier train.
- A. caught
- B. would catch
- C. had caught
- D. catches
58. If I had known that yesterday, I would have told them.
- A. had discovered/ would inform
- B. had discovered/ would have informed
- C. had discovered/ could inform
- D. discovered/ can inform
59. Unless he works more slowly, he will make so many mistakes.
- A. makes
- B. will make
- C. would make
- D. had made
60. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I were you.
- A. were
- B. was
- C. are
- D. have been
Bài 4:
61. If they had broken up, she would be so upset right now.
- A. broke/ would be
- B. break/ would be
- C. had broken/ would have been
- D. had broken/ would be
62. Come to me if you need help.
- A. need
- B. in need
- C. needed
- D. needing
63. If I were in London now, I could visit Buckingham Palace.
- A. would be
- B. had been
- C. have been
- D. were
64. I hope that some day I will be able to marry her.
- A. will be
- B. am
- C. would be
- D. had been
65. I wished I had enough money to buy an apartment.
- A. am having
- B. had
- C. will have
- D. have had
66. If the tree hadn’t been so high, he would have climbed it up to take his kite down.
- A. could have climbed
- B. climb
- C. is climbing
- D. climbed
67. I miss my friends. I wish my friends were here right now.
- A. were
- B. would be
- C. had been
- D. was
68. If the wall weren’t so high, he would climb it up to take his ball down.
- A. climbed
- B. could climb
- C is climbing
- D. climb
69. You would make better progress if you attended class regularly.
- A. attended
- B. would attend
- C. are attending
- D. attend
70. If you had attended the course regularly, they would have awarded a certificate last year.
- A. go/ gave
- B. go/ give
- C. had gone/ would have given
- D. went/ would give
71. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory closed down.
- A. are
- B. will be
- C. would be
- D. would have been
72. I would have had plenty of money now if I hadn't spent so much yesterday,
- A. didn’t spend
- B. hadn’t spent
- C. spend
- D. was spending
73. If someone gave you a boat, where would you go?
- A. do….go
- B. will….go
- C. would….go
- D. did…..go
74. If Columbus had not received money from Queen Isabella, he wouldn't have sailed across the Atlantic.
- A. do not receive/ could not sail
- B. had not received/ might not have sailed
- D. would not receive/ might not sail
- C. did not receive/ might not have sailed
75. Despite the storm, he would have arrived much earlier.
- A. thanks to
- B. not only
- C. but for
- D. except
76. I hope to become a doctor someday.
- A. am
- B. were
- C. had been
- D. would be
77. We've been extremely busy at work recently; otherwise, I would have visited your baby.
earlier.
- A. are / would be coming
- B. had been / will have come
- C. will be might / come
- D. have been / would have come
78. If a war were to break out between your nation and your husband's, which side would you support?
- A. has broken-did
- C. broke-would
- B. is breaking-may
- D. had broken-do
79. I'm sorry you didn't let me explain the truth.
- A. I wish you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth.
- B. I wish you gave me a chance to tell you the truth.
- C. I wish you had given me a chance to tell you the truth.
- D. I wish you hadn’t given me a chance to tell you the truth.
80. If her health improves overnight, she will go to school tomorrow.
- A. didn’t improve /isn’t going to go
- B. won’t improve / hasn’t been going
- C. doesn’t improve / won’t be able to go
- D. might not improve / doesn’t go
81. If it isn't rainy tomorrow, we will visit the zoo.
- A. is
- B. is not
- C. is going to rain
- D. will rain
82. If I had a lot of money now, I would buy a new car.
- A. have/will buy
- B. have/would buy
- C. had/will buy
- D. had/ would buy
83. If you go to the club, you will listen to loud music.
- A. listen
- B. are listen
- C. listened
- D. would listen
84. If I were given the job, I think I would accept it.
- A. take
- B. would have taken
- C. would take
- D. will take
85. I would be very surprised if he declined the invitation.
- A. refuses
- B. had refused
- C. refused
- D. would refuse.
86. If he has a fever, he visits the doctor.
- A. has
- B. having
- C. had
- D. has
87. I dislike living in England. It's cold and damp. I wish I lived in Spain.
- A. lived
- B. would live
- C. live
- D. had lived
88. If she sold her car, she would sell her house too.
- A. sells
- B. would sell
- C. will sell
- D. would have sold
89. It's unfortunate that you didn't inform us about this.
- A. I wish you told us about this.
- B. I wish you would tell us about this.
- C. I wish you have told us about this.
- D. I wish you had told us about this.
90. They would be disappointed if we didn't show up.
- A. hadn’t come
- B. wouldn’t come
- C. don’t come
- D. didn’t come.
91. He missed an exciting volleyball match on TV last night. He wishes he had watched it.
- A. watched
- B. would watch
- C. had watched
- D. watches
92. Would John be angry if we used his bicycle without asking?
- A. take
- B. took
- C. had taken
- D. would take.
93. She would be terribly upset if her husband lost this ring.
- A. will be
- B. would be
- C. were
- D. had been
94. If someone came in here with a gun, I would faint.
- A. walked
- B. walks
- C. had walked
- D. would walk
95. I’m concerned he won’t recover from his illness.
- A. I wish he will get over his illness.
- C. I wish he got over his illness.
- B. I wish he would get over his illness.
- D. I wish he had got over his illness.
96. What would occur if you ………….to your workplace tomorrow?
- A. don’t go
- B. didn’t go
- C. won’t go
- D. wouldn’t go.
97. I was in Miami for just a week. I would have liked more time there but I had to move on to New
York.
- A. had
- B. would have
- C. had had
- D. have
98. You drive too quickly. I wish you …………… more cautiously.
- A. drive
- B. drove
- C. had driven
- D. would drive
99. ……………………… more diligently last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam.
- A. if she should work
- B. she has worked
- C. Had she works
- D. Had she worked
- A. in
- B. on
- C. of
- D. for
2.2. Answer
| 1. B | 2. A | 3. B | 4. B | 5. B | 6. D | 7. C | 8. D | 9. C | 10. B |
| 11. D | 12. B | 13. B | 14. A | 15. C | 16. C | 17. D | 18. B | 19. D | 20. C |
| 21. C | 22. D | 23. A | 24. A | 25. B | 26. B | 27. D | 28. C | 29. C | 30. B |
| 31. C | 32. A | 33. B | 34. D | 35. B | 36. B | 37. B | 38. C | 39. B | 40. D |
| 41. A | 42. C | 43. A | 44. C | 45. D | 46. B | 47. B | 48. A | 49. B | 50. A |
| 51. B | 52. C | 53. D | 54. A | 55. B | 56. A | 57. C | 58. B | 59. C | 60. A |
| 61. A | 62. A | 63. D | 64. C | 65. B | 66. A | 67. A | 68. B | 69. A | 70. C |
| 71. C | 72. B | 73. C | 74. B | 75. C | 76. D | 77. D | 78. C | 79. C | 80. C |
| 81. A | 82. D | 83. A | 84. C | 85. C | 86. D | 87. A | 88. B | 89. D | 90. D |
| 91. C | 92. B | 93. B | 94. A | 95. B | 96. B | 97. C | 98. C | 99. D | 100. C |
