Bài luận tiếng Anh - Kết cấu và các đề tài phổ biến

Bài luận tiếng Anh (essay) được hiểu như một dạng văn viết trong tiếng Anh hiện đại. Nguồn gốc của từ "essay" xuất phát từ sự ảnh hưởng của tiếng Pháp lên tiếng Anh trung đại, từ gốc là “exigere” có nghĩa "to examine, test" (để kiểm tra, thử). Vì vậy, nghĩa gốc của từ "essay" chính là khuyến khích học sinh thử hoặc kiểm tra các ý tưởng của họ về một chủ đề được mang ra bàn luận.

Bố cục của bài luận tiếng Anh

Mở bài là đoạn văn gồm 2-3 câu:

• Giới thiệu chủ đề (Background Statement)

• Trả lời câu hỏi/đưa ra định hướng bài viết (Refer to the question, give your opinion)

Thân bài thường gồm 2 đoạn:

Đoạn 1:

• Câu mở đoạn (Topic Sentence)

• Câu triển khai ý (giải thích và ví dụ) – Explanation and Example

Đoạn 2:

• Câu mở đoạn (Topic Sentence)

• Câu triển khai ý (giải thích và ví dụ) – Explanation and Example

Kết bài là đoạn văn gồm 2-3 câu:

• Tóm tắt quan điểm (Summarise opinions)

• Đưa ra nhận định tổng quan ( Fina thought)

Nội Dung Bài Tiếng Anh

• Health

• Environment

• Education

• Development

• Globalisation

• Public Transport

• Criminal Justice

• Youth Crime

• Technology

• Government Spending

Cụm Từ Thông Dụng Trong Bài Luận Tiếng Anh

Các cụm từ thường xuất hiện trong phần giới thiệu của bài luận tiếng Anh:

• It is generally/widely believed/accepted that …

• There is a public debate that …

• It goes without saying that …

• There is an ever-increasing number of …

• One of the controversial questions is …

• Recently the problem issue has been brought into focus …

• This essay will discuss ...

Các cụm từ phổ biến trong phần thân thể của bài luận tiếng Anh:

• First of all, it is worth considering that ...

• Another factor to consider is ...

• Last but not least ...

• In terms of noun/gerund ..

• Research has found that

• One reason behind this is….

• From my point of view,….

Các cụm từ phổ biến trong phần tổng kết của bài luận tiếng Anh:

• In conclusion …

• All things considered …

• The advantages of …. outweigh the disadvantages

Các Đề Tài Phổ Biến Trong Bài Luận Tiếng Anh

Many people have valued the role of local history to schoolchildren over that of world history. In my opinion, I disagree with those people as both of them are equally essential for young learners.

Studying the history of their hometown is for sure an indispensable part of school’s curriculum during students’ early education. I believe having thorough insights into what happened in the past at one’s locality develops his patriotism. For example, children of primary and secondary schools in my village are taught about how their ancestors defended their land against outside intruders and reclaimed sovereignty. Therefore, those young children would take pride in their origin and treasure the life they know as it is today. Additionally, I think it is not only students’ privilege but also their responsibility to know about their own history to understand their hometown’s traditional values and identity.

From another angle, learning about world history shares equal importance just as local one. Acquiring knowledge about the world’s past events equips students with a more well-rounded perspective of life. Lessons about the World War or Feminism protest against women’s abuse and discrimination would help those learners enhance their understanding about various aspects of the world. Furthermore, I think that being taught about the other countries’ historical backgrounds would benefit young learners in their future career. Students who accumulate knowledge of this particular field at an early age would possess a golden selling point to work for foreign enterprises, especially those who highly value company culture like Japan.

In conclusion, I believe the significance of domestic and international history cannot be brought into comparison to see which one is more necessary because they have distinctively equal meanings to children.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề:

1. Thorough insights into: /ˈθɜroʊ ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu/ Hiểu biết cặn kẽ về cái gì.

2. Patriotism: / ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm/ Lòng yêu nước.

3. Sovereignty: /ˈsɑvrənti/ Chủ quyền.

4. Take pride in their origin: /teɪk praɪd ɪn ðɛr ˈɔrəʤən/ Tự hào về lòng yêu nước.

5. Traditional values and identity: /trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈvæljuz ænd aɪˈdɛntəti/ Những giá trị truyền thống và con người.

6. Well-rounded perspective of life: /wɛl-ˈraʊndəd pərˈspɛktɪv ʌv laɪf/ Một cái nhìn quan điểm toàn diện hơn về cuộc sống.

7. Historical backgrounds: /hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈbækˌgraʊndz/ Bối cảnh lịch sử.

8. Company culture: /ˈkʌmpəni ˈkʌlʧər/ Văn hóa doanh nghiệp.

Chủ đề 2: It is better for college students to live far away from home than live at home with their parents. Do you agree or disagree?

There has been a topic of debate as to whether it is better for students to live independently away from their parents whilst studying at university. Although some people agree with this, my firm conviction is that it depends on the culture of the region where the students are from.

This practice is popular in Western-based societies, like the US or the UK. Independence from parents at a young age is largely accepted and encouraged, especially when students reach the age of eighteen and are able to earn a living on their own. A large majority of students seek temporary employment near their school to earn money orgain valuable work experience, while others will spend time participating in university clubs and activities on campus. This element, I believe, is closely linked to their further development and future success.

However, in many Asian countries such as Vietnam, where traditional values of strong family bonds play a significant role in the lives of the youth and the national ethos, I suspect that it could bring more harm than good. It is, however, common for family members to live separately when they are pursuing tertiary education because most universities in Vietnam are located in major or municipal cities. Students from other provinces have to stay in dormitory accommodation or rent a room off campus in order to complete their study. I consider this to have a detrimental impact on family relationships because it can possibly lead to the unfortunate disappearance of the country’s long-standing culture.

In conclusion, I do consider that living close to schools and universities, away from family, is beneficial for a student’s studies, though it can have a significant negative impact on family relationships depending on the student’s cultural background.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề:

1. Earn a living on their own: /ɜrn ə ˈlɪvɪŋ ɑn ðɛr oʊn/ Tự mình kiếm sống

2. Earn money or gain valuable work experience: /ɜrn ˈmʌni ɔr geɪn ˈvæljəbəl wɜrk ɪkˈspɪriəns/ Kiếm tiền hoặc kiếm kinh nghiệm làm việc quý báu

3. Pursue tertiary education: /pərˈsu ˈtɜrʃəri ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən/ Theo học đại học

4. The unfortunate disappearance of the country’s long-standing culture: /ði ənˈfɔrʧənət ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns ʌv ðə ˈkʌntriz lɔŋ-ˈstændɪŋ ˈkʌlʧər/ Sự biến mất đáng tiếc của văn hóa lâu đời của một quốc gia

5. Cultural background: /ˈkʌlʧərəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd/ Lý lịch văn hóa

Chủ đề 3: Some people think that international car-free days are an effective way of reducing air pollution, however, others think there are other ways. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

While international car-free days are thought to effectively reduce the level of air pollution, some other people believe there are alternatives that are also effective. I will discuss both of these views in my essay below.

On the one hand, it is true that exhaust fumes from cars are majorly responsible for polluting the air as they contain a relatively high proportion of pollutants such as CO2. By having some days without cars on the road, no harmful smoke will be released into the atmosphere, and this will therefore improve air quality. This policy is extremely effective in big cities around the world. Take Beijing, the city known for its dirty air and its atmosphere covered with smog, for example. Since this car-free policy was strictly operated, the air quality of the city has greatly improved.

On the other hand, local governments should encourage the use of public tranport like subways because it produces a smaller quantity of pollutants and is less likely to damage the air. Also, the disposal of waste, especially plastic waste that emits toxic fumes if burned carelessly, at landfills should be closely monitored. The final and the most effective way is to use sustainable and environmentally energy sources, for example solar or wind power, to replace fossil fuels in the long term.

In my view, those measures are all effective in addressing the problem of air pollution, but only to a certain extent. Such a problem needs to be dealt with by different approaches and I always feel that if there is only one way being implemented, it will not be enough.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề:

1. To be covered with smog: /tu bi ˈkʌvərd wɪð smɑg/ bị che phủ bởi khói

2. Car-free day: /kɑr-fri deɪ/ một ngày không xe ôtô

3. Disposal of waste: /dɪˈspoʊzəl ʌv weɪst/ việc thải rác

4. Emit toxic fumes: /ɪˈmɪt ˈtɑksɪk fjumz/ thải khí độc hại

5. Be closely monitored: /bi ˈkloʊsli ˈmɑnətərd/ được theo dõi, kiểm tra sát

Chủ đề 4: People think that countries should produce foods their population eats and import less food as much as possible.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that countries should produce their own food for their citizens and reduce the amount of food that is imported. Personally, I totally agree with this point of view.

There are several reasons why a country should produce its own food for its population, one of which is the creation of more jobs. When the demand for domestically produced food grows within a country, there will be more job opportunities available for local people in farming and food processing industries, leading to a reduction in unemployment rates. Secondly, it may be easier to control food quality when it is produced domestically, as authorities can easily monitor farms and food processing plants, in order to maintain safe, hygienic food standards.

Additionally, food imports should be reduced due to a number of reasons. Firstly, putting barriers on importing food can help to boost a country’s economy by eliminating the competition that local companies face with foreign products, allowing them to be more profitable and contribute to the national economy. Furthermore, food importation can have negative environmental impacts due to the large amounts of carbon emissions released from the transportation of products all around the world via planes, trucks, and ships. By reducing food imports, countries can play their part in helping to protect the environment, rather than contributing to environmental issues such as climate change.

In conclusion, I believe that each country should invest in the development of its agricultural industry to provide food for the population itself, and import as little as possible.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề

1. The demand for domestically produced food: /ðə dɪˈmænd fɔr dəˈmɛstɪkli prəˈdust fud/ nhu cầu cho thực phẩm được sản xuất trong nước

2. A reduction in unemployment rates: /ə rəˈdʌkʃən ɪn ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪts/ sự giảm của tỷ lệ thất nghiệp

3. Safe, hygienic food standards: /seɪf, hygienic fud ˈstændərdz/ tiêu chuẩn thức ăn an toàn và sạch

4. Putting barriers on importing food: /ˈpʌtɪŋ ˈbæriərz ɑn ɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ fud/ đặt rào cản cho việc nhập khẩu thức ăn

5. Countries can play their part in: /ˈkʌntriz kæn pleɪ ðɛr pɑrt ɪn/ các nước đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc

Chủ đề 5: Many young people now know more about international pop and movie stars than famous people in the history of their countries.

What are the causes? Give solutions to increase the number of people to know about famous people in history.

These days, young people tend to have more interests in international celebrities than historical figures in their country. This essay will present possible causes of this trend as well as the appropriate solutions to improve the situation.

There are several reasons why the young nowadays know more about famous movie and music stars instead of having knowledge of the history in their country. To begin with, social media contributes to the increasing interest of young people in celebrities. It is common to notice that famous people’s lives are grabbing the headlines of the majority of newspapers, especially the online ones. Since teenagers now spend most of their spare time surfing the Internet, they are likely to be exposed to ubiquitous posts or articles about actors or singers more frequently, thus becoming more fascinated about such topics. In addition, another cause of this trend is the tedious teaching method of history at high school. It seems that history itself is not attractive, leading to the fact that students will suffer from utter boredom if their teachers fail to make history lessons more interesting.

Various solutions can be adopted to make young people more interested in history and historical people. First of all, film makers should be encouraged to produce movies based on key historical events. Young people will be eager to watch such movies, especially when their idols are chosen for the starring role. As a result, they will gain more knowledge about a particular historical period by watching those films. Second, the teaching method in history classroom should be tailored in order to arouse students’ interests. Instead of teaching merely a long list of names and dates in textbooks, teachers can add motion images and vivid sound effects to create more appealing lessons.

In conclusion, although young people these days do not pay as much attention to history as they do to celebrities, this problem can be dealt with by several suggested solutions.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề

1. Grab the headlines: /græb ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz/ là tiêu điểm của báo chí

2. Ubiquitous (a): /juˈbɪkwɪtəs/ có ở khắp nơi, tràn lan

3. Tedious teaching method (noun phrase): /ˈtidiəs ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈmɛθəd/ phương pháp giảng dạy nhàm chán

4. To be eager to do something: /tu bi ˈigər tu du ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ hào hứng, thích thú làm gì

5. Starring role: /ˈstɑrɪŋ roʊl/ vai chính

6. Tailor (v): /ˈteɪlər/ thay đổi, chỉnh sửa để phù hợp

7. Arouse someone’s interest: /əˈraʊz ˈsʌmˌwʌnz ˈɪntrəst/ khơi gợi sự hứng thú

8. Motion image: /ˈmoʊʃən ˈɪməʤ/ hình ảnh động

9. Vivid sound effect: /ˈvɪvəd saʊnd ɪˈfɛkt/ hiệu ứng âm thanh sống động

10. Appealing (a): /əˈpilɪŋ/ thu hút, hấp dẫn

Chủ đề 6: International travel is becoming cheaper, and countries are opening their doors to more and more tourists. Do the advantages of increased tourism outweigh disadvantages?

Travelling abroad is becoming more affordable than ever before, and many nations are implementing new approaches to attract more tourists. Although there are still drawbacks of international travel, I think its values are more significant.

On the one hand, the downsides of welcoming foreign visitors are varied. First, the local environment can be adversely affected due to facility and infrastructural development. For example, in Vietnam, many tourism companies are permitted to chop down a great area of forests to construct modern commodities such as hotels and golf courses, exerting dire consequences on natural habitats. As for the countries that play host to international tourists, the rise in costs of living may lay much pressure on local people and be a detriment to domestic travel. This is because the growth in the number of tourists from abroad would encourage costs of hotel rooms and other services to increase. People in the neighborhood and domestic visitors would suffer in comparison.

On the other hand, I suppose the benefits of international travel would eclipse those analyzed disadvantages. First, the regional economy can enormously benefit from the burgeoning tourism industry as more occupations will be created to accommodate the needs of tourists. Local people can have more job opportunities in hotels or restaurants and therefore earn more money to improve their living standards. Second, the increased number of foreign people coming to visit another country would evidently enhance tourism industries, contributing greatly to the wealth of that country. If tourists enjoy their trips, they will recommend the destination to their friends or perhaps they will come back in the future.

In conclusion, it appears to me that the merits of international tourism are more notable than its drawbacks.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề

1. Facility and infrastructural development: /fəˈsɪlɪti ænd ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌkʧərəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ phát triển về mặt cơ sở vật chất và hạ tầng

2. Exerting dire consequences on natural habitats: /ɪgˈzɜrtɪŋ daɪr ˈkɑnsəˌkwɛnsəz ɑn ˈnæʧərəl ˈhæbəˌtæts/ tạo ra ảnh hưởng xấu lên môi trường sống tự nhiên.

3. Lay much pressure on local people: /leɪ mʌʧ ˈprɛʃər ɑn ˈloʊkəl ˈpipəl/ Đặt nhiều áp lực lên người dân trong vùng

4. A detriment to domestic travel: /ə ˈdɛtrəmənt tu dəˈmɛstɪk ˈtrævəl/ Ngăn cản du lịch trong nước

5. Costs of hotel rooms and other services: /kɑsts ʌv hoʊˈtɛl rumz ænd ˈʌðər ˈsɜrvəsəz/ Giá cả của phòng khách sạn và những loại dịch vụ khác

6. Enhance tourism industries: /ɛnˈhæns ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ˈɪndəstriz/ Phát triển ngành du lịch

7. Enormously benefit from the burgeoning tourism industry: /ɪˈnɔrməsli ˈbɛnəfɪt frʌm ðə ˈbɜrʤənɪŋ ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ˈɪndəstri/ được hưởng lợi to lớn từ ngành công nghiệp du lịch đang bùng nổ

Chủ đề 7: In many countries, imprisonment is the most common solution to crimes. However, some people believe that better education will be a more effective solution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Despite the popularity of prison sentences as the way to control illegalities, improvements on education have gained social endorsement as a means to eliminate the problem from its root. In my opinion, I disagree that education is the better one as it is rather impossible to compare these two methods’ effectiveness owing to their distinct impacts.

On the one hand, the reasons why prisons are of indispensable necessity for social security are varied. They are the place to keep people who have broken the law contained, ensuring the safety of other citizens. Especially, dangerous criminals such as murderers or rapists have to be imprisoned for their heinous actions. Furthermore, severe prison sentences act as a deterrent against crimes. Knowing there might be a chance of getting caught and condemned to jail, which also means losing freedom and living a miserable life in a cell, ones who are having the intention of committing illegalities would reconsider going down the path.

On the other hand, education serves as a remedy for the origin of crimes. Education contributes greatly to heighten people’s intellect and to form a civilized society. With access to better educational services, citizens would be well-informed about the damage that committing crimes would cause to their community and themselves, which eventually leads to the decline in crime rates. Additionally, the possession of certain qualifications through fundamental education like vocational training could secure a person’s stable life, which would dispel any ideas of committing crimes.

In conclusion, I believe there is no absolute way to deduce whether imprisonment policies or better education would take the dominant role in dealing with crimes as they both tackle the problem just in different ways.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề

1. Illegality: /ˌɪliˈgælɪti/ Hành động bất hợp pháp

2. Social endorsement: /ˈsoʊʃəl ɛnˈdɔrsmənt/ Sự ủng hộ từ xã hội

3. Eliminate the problem from its root: /ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə ˈprɑbləm frʌm ɪts rut/ Loại bỏ nguồn góc của vấn đề

4. To be of necessity: /tu bi ʌv nəˈsɛsəti/ Là một sự cần thiết không thể thiếu (nhấn mạnh)

5. Social security: /ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti/ An ninh xã hội

6. To be imprisoned: /tu bi ɪmˈprɪzənd/ Bị bỏ tù

7. Heinous actions: /ˈheɪnəs ˈækʃənz/ Hành động tội ác

8. To be a deterrent against sth: /tu bi ə dɪˈtɜrrənt əˈgɛnst/ Là một rào cản chống lại cái gì đó

9. To be condemned to jail: /tu bi kənˈdɛmd tu ʤeɪl/ Bị tống vào tù

10. To serve as a remedy for the origin of crimes: /tu sɜrv æz ə ˈrɛmədi fɔr ði ˈɔrəʤən ʌv kraɪmz/ Như là một liều thuốc cho nguồn gốc của tội phạm

11. To heighten people’s intellect: /tu ˈhaɪtən ˈpipəlz ˈɪntəˌlɛkt/ Nâng cao dân trí

12. A civilized society: /ə ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd səˈsaɪəti/ Một xã hội văn minh

13. Vocational training: /voʊˈkeɪʃənəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ/ Học nghề

14. To dispel any ideas of committing crimes: /tu dɪˈspɛl ˈɛni aɪˈdiəz ʌv kəˈmɪtɪŋ kraɪmz/ Loại bỏ bất kì ý định muốn phạm tội

Chủ đề 8: Although more and more people read the news on the Internet, newspapers will remain the most important source of news for the majority of people. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that despite the spreading popularity of the online media, traditional newspaper will still hold the most vital position among news readers. In my opinion, this idea is rather absurd as the Internet has become increasingly dominant due to the benefits it offers.

The first thing that attracts people to reading news on the online sources is their easy access. With the presence of the Internet around almost every corner of the world, people with a portable device such as a mobile phone can access huge storage of news. In fact, latest events, for example IS Terrorist attacks, would be updated immediately on CNN or New York Times. By contrast, with prolonging procedures including editting and printing, traditional newspaper might not be able to compete with the Internet in terms of the updating speed.

Another benefit with which the Internet can, from my point of view, take over the position of printed newspaper is the new experience it brings to readers. One limitation of newspaper is that it cannot convey visual messages to the people who read news on a regular basis. Meanwhile, non-stop progress of the technology industry has unfolded the possibility to upload videos and voice records on various online websites. For instance, soccer fans these days can rewatch their favorite matches anytime they want with only a laptop connected to the Internet, which a mere paper cannot do.

In conclusion, I disagree that printed newspaper would continue to be the most crucial source of information because more and more people will be drawn to use the Internet.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề

1. To hold the most vital position: /tu hoʊld ðə moʊst ˈvaɪtəl pəˈzɪʃən/ Giữ vai trò thiết yếu

2. To access huge storage of news: /tu ˈækˌsɛs hjuʤ ˈstɔrəʤ ʌv nuz/ Tiếp cận trữ lượng thông tin lớn

3. To take over the position of printed newspaper: /tu teɪk ˈoʊvər ðə pəˈzɪʃən ʌv ˈprɪntəd ˈnuzˌpeɪpər/ Chiếm lấy vị trí của báo in

4. To unfold the possibility to upload videos and voice records: /tu ənˈfoʊld ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləti tu ˈʌploʊd ˈvɪdioʊz ænd vɔɪs rəˈkɔrdz/ Mở ra khả năng đăng tải video và băng ghi âm

5. The most crucial source of information: /ðə moʊst ˈkruʃəl sɔrs ʌv ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ Nguồn thông tin quan trọng nhất

Chủ đề 9: Many people are now spending more and more time travelling to work or school. Some people believe that this is a negative development while others think there are some benefits. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

These days, many people are spending an increasing amount of time commuting to their workplace or school. Although there may be some benefits to this development, I believe it is mostly negative.

There are only a couple of benefits that people could possibly gain from having to spend large amounts of time travelling to and from work or school, which are mostly related to those who commute via public transport. Firstly, travelling on public transport can allow people time to get things done that they have been too busy to complete. For example, some school kids have to spend up to one hour travelling by bus every day and this is a great opportunity for them to get their homework done. Likewise, some adults may use this time to catch up on some unfinished work on their laptop, or plan their work schedule for the day. Furthermore, sitting on a bus or train is also a great time to relax and read a book.

However, not all people can take advantage of these benefits. For example, in Vietnam, only a small percentage of people use public transport and therefore have no opportunity to read or catch up on work. Instead, most people are stuck in traffic jams during rush hours, sitting on a motorbike breathing in toxic fumes from other vehicles, which in the long term can lead to a number of serious health issues. Additionally, spending more and more time commuting leaves less time for other more important activities, like spending time with loved ones, or pursuing one’s hobbies. And lastly, from my observations, when travelling on public transport these days, the majority of people are not reading or working, but keep their eyes glued to their smartphone browsing social media, which could be considered as an unhealthy waste of time.

Overall, I believe this is a negative development, however it really depends upon how people spend their time while travelling.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề:

1. Catch up on some unfinished work: /kæʧ ʌp ɑn sʌm ənˈfɪnɪʃt wɜrk/ Hoàn thành nốt những công việc chưa xong.

2. Plan their work schedule: /plæn ðɛr wɜrk ˈskɛʤʊl/ Lên kế hoạch cho công việc.

3. Be stuck in traffic jams during rush hours: /bi stʌk ɪn ˈtræfɪk ʤæmz ˈdʊrɪŋ rʌʃ ˈaʊərz/ Mắc kẹt do tắc đường vào giờ cao điểm.

4. Breathing in toxic fumes: /ˈbriðɪŋ ɪn ˈtɑksɪk fjumz/ Hít phải những khí thải độc hại.

5. Lead to a number of serious health issues: /lid tu ə ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈsɪriəs hɛlθ ˈɪʃuz/ Dẫn đến nhiều vấn đề nghiêm trọng về sức khoẻ.

6. Leaves less time for other more important activities: /livz lɛs taɪm fɔr ˈʌðər mɔr ɪmˈpɔrtənt ækˈtɪvətiz/ Dẫn đến ít thời gian cho các hoạt động khác quan trọng hơn.

7. Spending time with loved ones: /ˈspɛndɪŋ taɪm wɪð lʌvd wʌnz/ Dành thời gian với những người yêu thương.

8. Pursuing one’s hobbies: /pərˈsuɪŋ wʌnz ˈhɑbiz/ Theo đuổi sở thích của một ai đó.

9. Keep their eyes glued to their smartphone: /kip ðɛr aɪz glud tu ðɛr smartphone/ Dán mắt vào màn hình điện thoại.

10. An unhealthy waste of time: /ən ənˈhɛlθi weɪst ʌv taɪm/ Một cách đốt thời gian không tốt cho sức khoẻ.

Chủ đề 10: Some people say that it is necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it is cruel and unnecessary. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

People have different views about whether animal testing for medical research is necessary or not. From my perspective, animal testing plays an integral role in the medicine industry, in spite of the drawbacks it brings.

There are two major reasons why some people oppose the idea of using animals for medical experiments. Firstly, it is believed that such experiments are cruel and inhumane, and therefore should be prohibited. Every year, many animals are subjectible to medical experimentation and have to suffer physical pain and even deprivation of food and water. Additionally, in order to implement research on animals, large amounts of money are expended on the establishment of facilities and human resources. This can be a burden on a country’s national budget, preventing the government from investing in other more important aspects like education and housing.

Despite the above mentioned disadvantages, in my opinion, animal testing is necessary. Humans are still reliant on animal testing for many purposes, including developing new medications and checking the safety of medical products. In fact, the most powerful supercomputers are currently unable to understand the workings of the human body, and complex organs such as the brain and heart, which is crucial for medical research and development. More importantly, due to biological similarities, medical research needs to be implemented on animals, which will bring about better outcomes in medical research compared to other methods. Over many years, chimpanzees, the closest relatives of humans, have been used to investigate advanced treatments for cancer and heart disease, and until now, there is still no better alternative.

To summarize, despite the potential cruelty and considerable financial expenses, it is still necessary to carry out animal testing due to its unique advantages.

Từ vựng theo chủ đề

1. Plays a pivotal role in: /pleɪz ən ˈpɪvətəl roʊl ɪn/ Assumes a crucial function in

2. Object to the notion of utilizing animals in medical experiments: /əˈbʤɛkt tu ðə ˈnoʊʃən ʌv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈænəməlz ɪn ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɛkˈspɛrəmənts/ Express opposition to the concept of employing animals in medical experiments

3. Animals which are subjected to medical experiments: /ˈænəməlz wɪʧ ɑr səbˈʤɛktɪd tu ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˈspɛrəmənts/ Creatures undergoing medical experiments

4. Be susceptible to: /bi səˈsɛptəbəl tu/ Prone to be influenced by

5. Conduct research on animals: /ˈkɑndʌkt ˈriˌsɜrtʃ ɑn ˈænəməlz/ Undertake investigations on animals

6. National budget will be expended on: /ˈnæʃənəl ˈbʌʤɪt wɪl bi ɪkˈspɛndɪd ɑn/ The national budget needs to be allocated for

7. Biological similarities: /ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz/ The resemblance in biological terms

8. The above mentioned disadvantages: /ði əˈbʌv ˈmɛnʃənd ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪʤɪz/ The previously mentioned drawbacks

Summary