Bài tập chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp kèm theo đáp án & lý thuyết

Tóm tắt nội dung lý thuyết về câu trực tiếp và gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh

Khái niệm cơ bản

Câu trực tiếp (Direct speech):

• Cách dùng: Câu trực tiếp được sử dụng để truyền đạt lời nói trực tiếp từ người nói ban đầu, không thay đổi hay làm ngắn gọn ý. Khi sử dụng câu trực tiếp, lời trích dẫn thường được bỏ trong dấu ngoặc kép " ".

• Cấu trúc ngữ pháp:

• Ví dụ: She said, "I am going to the store." hoặc “I am going to the store.”, she said.

Câu gián tiếp (Indirect speech):

• Cách dùng: Câu gián tiếp được sử dụng để truyền đạt lời nói của người khác. Nó tường thuật lại ý nghĩa hoặc thông tin một cách tổng quát. Câu gián tiếp không sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép mà thường sử dụng các từ nối như “that/if/whether/…”.

• Cấu trúc ngữ pháp:

• Ví dụ: She said that she was going to the store.

Lưu ý rằng khi sử dụng câu gián tiếp, thì của động từ thường được dịch chuyển về quá khứ so với thì của câu trực tiếp. Đồng thời, các đại từ, tân ngữ và các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm cũng thường được điều chỉnh tương ứng.

Phương pháp chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

1. Biến đổi thì của động từ trong mệnh đề

Trong quá trình chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, thì của động từ trong mệnh đề thường phải thay đổi để phản ánh đúng thời gian của câu gián tiếp.

1. Biến đổi đại từ và tân ngữ

1. Biến đổi các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm

Bài tập chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp thành gián tiếp

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án chính xác

1. "I want to visit Paris next summer," John said.

   → John said he wanted to visit Paris _________.

   1. next summer

   2. the summer after

   3. last summer

   4. the following summer

2. "Can you help me with my homework?" she asked.

   → She asked if _________ with her homework.

   1. can I help her

   2. could you help her

   3. I can help her

   4. I could help her

3. "I will call you later," he promised.

   → He promised that _________ later.

   1. he will call me

   2. he would call me

   3. calling me

   4. to call me

4. "I am going to the party tonight," Tom said.

   → Tom said he was going to the party _________.

   1. tonight

   2. that night

   3. last night

   4. the following night

5. "Why did you arrive late?" the teacher asked.

   → The teacher asked _________ late.

   1. why did they arrive

   2. why they arrived

   3. why arrived

   4. why they had arrived

6. "Yes, I stole the money," he said.

   → He admitted _________ the money.

   1. stealing

   2. he steals

   3. he stole

   4. had stollen

7. "Can I borrow your pen?" he wondered.

   → He wondered _________ my pen.

   1. could he borrow

   2. can he borrow

   3. if he could borrow

   4. if could he borrow

8. "I have already seen that movie," she informed us.

   → She informed us _________ that movie.

   1. she had already seen

   2. she has already seen

   3. she already saw

   4. she saw already

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu gián tiếp dựa vào câu đã cho

1. "I am hungry", Tom said.

→ Tom said _________________________________

1. "Please close the window", Sarah asked.

→ Sarah requested _________________________________

1. "Can you help me with this math problem?" John asked his friend.

→ John asked his friend _________________________________

1. "Do you like chocolate ice cream?" Mary asked Peter.

→ Mary asked Peter _________________________________

1. "Let's go to the park this Sunday", David suggested.

→ David suggested _________________________________

1. "I need some rest", Lisa said to her colleague.

→ Lisa told her colleague _________________________________

1. "Are you free tonight?" Alex asked Kate.

→ Alex asked Kate _________________________________

1. "Please turn off the lights", mom said to the kids.

→ Mom asked the kids _________________________________

Bài tập 3: Viết lại những câu sau dưới dạng tường thuật gián tiếp

1. "If I had more money, I would buy a new car," he said.

→ _________________________________

1. "What a beautiful day it is!" she exclaimed.

→ _________________________________

1. "Please help me with my homework," he asked his brother.

→ _________________________________

1. "I wish I could speak Spanish fluently," she said.

→ _________________________________

1. "If you study hard, you will pass the exam," the teacher told the students.

→ _________________________________

1. "Be careful with that glass, it's fragile," she warned.

→ _________________________________

1. "Could you please pass me the salt?" he asked his sister.

→ _________________________________

1. "If I had listened to the weather forecast, I wouldn't have gone hiking in the rain." he said.

→ _________________________________

Bài tập 4: Tìm ra lỗi sai trong các câu gián tiếp sau đây

1. "I will meet you here tomorrow," she said.

   Indirect: She said that she would meet me there the previous day.

2. "We moved to this city two years ago," they explained.

   Indirect: They explained that they had moved to that city two years ago.

3. "Why do you prefer reading fiction over non-fiction?" he asked.

   Indirect: He asked why did I prefer reading fiction over non-fiction.

4. "I will finish the report this week," she promised.

   Indirect: She promised that she would finish the report this week.

5. "If I were in better health, I would climb Mount Everest" she said.

   Indirect: She said that if she were in better health, she would have climb Mount Everest.

6. "I am meeting my friends for lunch today," he said.

   Indirect: He said that he was meeting his friends for lunch this day.

7. "Have you finished reading the book I lent you?" she asked.

   Indirect: She asked if I have had finished reading the book she had lent me.

8. "Which university did you graduate from?" she asked.

   Indirect: She asked which university I graduated from.

Bài tập 5: Chia động từ đúng theo yêu cầu trong ngoặc

1. "What did you learn in your history class yesterday?" she asked.

→ She asked what I _________ (learn) in my history class the previous day.

1. "Have you ever been to Asia?" she asked.

→ She asked if I _________ (be) to Asia.

1. "The air quality in this city is deteriorating," she mentioned.

→ She mentioned that the air quality in that city _________ (be) deteriorating.

1. We have been living in this neighborhood since 2010," they said.

→ They said that they _________ (live) in that neighborhood since 2010.

1. "I voted for the new mayor in the last election," he said.

→ He said that he _________ (vote) for the new mayor in the previous election.

1. “If I hadn't missed my flight, I would have arrived on time for the conference", she explained.

→ She explained that if she _________ (not miss) her flight, she would have arrived on time for the conference.

1. "Why did you decide to study abroad?" he asked.

→ He asked why I _________ (decide) to study abroad.

1. "I am going to visit my grandparents next weekend," Sarah told us.

→ Sarah told us that she _________ (visit) her grandparents the following weekend.

Đáp án chi tiết

Bài tập 2:

1. Tom said he was hungry.

2. Sarah requested us to close the window.

3. John asked his friend if/whether he could help him with the math problem.

4. Mary asked Peter if/whether he liked chocolate ice cream.

5. David suggested going to the park that Sunday.

6. Lisa told her colleague that she needed some rest.

7. Alex asked Kate if/whether she was free that night.

8. Mom asked the kids to turn off the lights.

Bài tập 3:

1. He said that if he had more money, he would buy a new car.

2. She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.

3. He asked his brother to help him with his homework.

4. She wished that she could speak Spanish fluently.

5. The teacher told the students that if they studied hard, they would pass the exam.

6. She warned me to be careful with that glass as it was fragile.

7. He asked his sister if she could pass him the salt.

8. He said that if he had listened to the weather forecast, he wouldn't have gone hiking in the rain.

Bài tập 4:

1. "I will meet you here tomorrow," she said.

Indirect: She said that she would meet me there the previous day.

Đáp án: the previous day → the following day

1. "We moved to this city two years ago," they explained.

Indirect: They explained that they had moved to that city two years ago.

Đáp án: two years ago → two years before

1. "Why do you prefer reading fiction over non-fiction?" he asked.

Indirect: He asked why did I prefer reading fiction over non-fiction.

Đáp án: did I prefer → I preferred

1. "I will finish the report this week," she promised.

Indirect: She promised that she would finish the report this week.

Đáp án: this week → that week

1. "If I were in better health, I would climb Mount Everest" she said.

Indirect: She said that if she were in better health, she would have climb Mount Everest.

Đáp án: would have climb → would climb

1. "I am meeting my friends for lunch today", he said.

Indirect: He said that he was meeting his friends for lunch this day.

Đáp án: this day → that day

1. "Have you finished reading the book I lent you?" she asked.

Indirect: She asked if I have had finished reading the book she had lent me.

Đáp án: have had finished → had finished

1. "Which university did you graduate from?" she asked.

Indirect: She asked which university I graduated from.

Đáp án: graduated → had graduated

Bài tập 5:

1. had learned

2. had ever been

3. was

4. had been living

5. had voted

6. hadn't missed

7. had decided

8. was planning to visit

Tổng kết