Bài tập phát triển câu điều kiện loại 3 từ cơ bản đến nâng cao

Câu điều kiện loại 3

Cấu trúc câu

Giống như câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2, câu điều kiện loại 3 cũng có 2 mệnh đề: mệnh đề điều kiện và mệnh đề chính

Trong đó:

S: chủ ngữ của câu

had + V3: cấu trúc quá khứ hoàn thành của động từ để diễn tả việc gì đó không xảy ra trong quá khứ

would/could/should + have + V3: cấu trúc thể phụ thuộc của động từ để diễn tả kết quả có thể xảy ra nếu điều kiện đã xảy ra.

Ví dụ: If she had known about the party, she would have come. (Nếu cô ấy biết về bữa tiệc, cô ấy đã đến.)

Lưu ý: trong câu điều kiện loại 3, câu điều kiện và kết quả đều không có thật trong quá khứ, chỉ là giả định.

Phương pháp sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3

Câu điều kiện loại 3 thường được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:

• Diễn tả sự hối tiếc về điều gì đó đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ vì một điều kiện không đúng.

Ví dụ: If I had known that you were in town, I would have invited you to my party. (Nếu tôi biết rằng bạn đang ở thành phố này, tôi đã mời bạn đến bữa tiệc của tôi.)

• Diễn tả kết quả khác biệt nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ: If she had finished her homework, she would have gone to the movies. (Nếu cô ấy đã hoàn thành bài tập về nhà, cô ấy đã đi xem phim.)

• Diễn tả sự phê bình về hành động sai trái đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ: If he had not driven drunk, he would not have caused the accident. (Nếu anh ấy không lái xe khi say rượu, anh ấy không gây ra tai nạn.)

• Diễn tả một giả định không thực tế trong quá khứ, và sử dụng để so sánh với thực tế.

Ví dụ: If I had won the lottery, I would have retired early. (Nếu tôi đã trúng xổ số, tôi đã nghỉ hưu sớm hơn.)

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 3

Bên cạnh cấu trúc thường thấy, người học cũng có thể bắt gặp cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa hành động, tăng tính biểu cảm cho câu văn trong các tình huống trang trọng:

Đảo ngữ với động từ to be

Ví dụ:

Câu gốc: If she had not been lazy, she would have finished the exercises. ( Nếu cô ấy không lười, cô ấy đã hoàn thành bài tập)

Đảo ngữ: Had she not been lazy, she would have finished the exercises.

Đảo ngữ với động từ thường

Ví dụ:

Câu gốc: If I had known about the traffic, I would have left earlier. (Nếu tôi biết về tình trạng giao thông, tôi đã rời đi sớm hơn.)

Đảo ngữ: Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.

Bài tập thực hành câu điều kiện loại 3

Bài tập căn bản về câu điều kiện loại 3

Bài 1: Hoàn thành các từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng

1. If I (have known) that the program was canceled, I (not come) to the event.

2. If he (not follow) my instructions, the project (not succeed).

3. If they (win) the lottery, they (buy) a new house.

4. If she (have) more time, she (travel) around the world.

5. If we (be) rich, we (not worry) about money.

Bài 2: Viết lại thành câu sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 với ý nghĩa tương đương

1. If I / not / forget / my keys / I / be able to get into my apartment.

2. If we / have / more time / we / explore the city in more detail.

3. If she / not / miss / her flight / she / not have to pay for another ticket.

4. If they / not / cancel / the concert / we / have a great time.

5. If he / not / forget / to set his alarm / he / not oversleep.

Bài 3: Phát hiện và sửa lỗi sai

1. If I would have known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.

2. If they wouldn't have missed the train, they would have arrived on time.

3. If I had had more money, I would had bought a new car.

4. If we wouldn't have been stuck in traffic, we would have made it to the concert on time.

5. If he had called me back, we wouldn’t have discussed the matter further.

Bài tập nâng cao về câu điều kiện loại 3

Bài 1: Lựa chọn câu trả lời đúng

1. If John had invested in the stock market, he _____________ rich by now.

a)      would be

b)     would have been

c)      will be

d)     is

1. If I _____________ earlier, I _____________ the train.

a)      had left / would have caught

b)     left / would catch

c)      had left / would catch

d)     left / would have caught

1. If I _____________ more languages, I _____________ more job opportunities.

a)      knew / will have

b)     had known / would have

c)      know / will have

d)     had known / will have

1. If he _____________ his phone, he _____________ your message.

a)      checks / will receive

b)     had checked / would have received

c)      checks / would receive

d)     had checked / will receive

1. If the weather _____________ better, we _____________ camping this weekend.

a)      was / will go

b)     had been / would have gone

c)      is / will go

d)     had been / will go

Bài 2: Viết lại câu với câu điều kiện loại 3

1. I didn't study hard enough for the exam, so I failed it.

2. Tom didn't save any money, so he can't afford to buy a car.

3. If they had left early, they wouldn't have gotten stuck in traffic

4. I wish I had taken the job offer, then I wouldn't be struggling financially.

5. They should have hired more staff, then they wouldn't have been so busy.

Bài 3: Chọn câu trả lời phù hợp nhất

1. If she told/had told/tells me, I will collect/would collect/would have collected her from the airport.

2. Your friends hadn’t laughed/wouldn’t have laughed/won’t laugh at you if you  have combed/’d combed/’s combed your hair.

3. If the men had recharged/’d recharge/recharged the batteries, they will have had /would have had/would had enough power for their laptops.

4. He ‘d have caught/would caught/should caught the plane if he has hurried/’d hurried/’d have hurried.

5. If you turned/’d turned/have turned down the volume of your stereo, the neighbours would not have complained.

Đáp án cho phần bài tập căn bản

Bài 1:

1. If I had known that the program was canceled, I would not have come to the event.

2. If he had not followed my instructions, the project would not have succeeded.

3. If they had won the lottery, they would have bought a new house.

4. If she had had more time, she would have traveled around the world.

5. If we were rich, we would not worry about money.

Bài 2:

1. If I had not forgotten my keys, I would have been able to get into my apartment.

2. If we had had more time, we would have explored the city in more detail.

3. If she had not missed her flight, she would not have had to pay for another ticket.

4. If they had not canceled the concert, we would have had a great time.

5. If he had not forgotten to set his alarm, he would not have overslept.

Bài 3:

1. If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.

2. If they hadn't missed the train, they would have arrived on time.

3. If I had had more money, I would have bought a new car.

4. If we hadn't been stuck in traffic, we would have made it to the concert on time.

5. If he had called me back, we would have discussed the matter further.

Đáp án cho phần bài tập nâng cao

Bài 1:

1. b) would have been

2. a) had left / would have caught

3. b) had known / would have

4. b) had checked / would have received

5. b) had been / would have gone

Bài 2:

1. If I had put more effort into studying for the exam, I wouldn't have failed it.

2. If Tom had saved up some money, he would be able to afford purchasing a car.

3. If they had left early, they wouldn’t have encountered traffic congestion.

4. If I had accepted the job offer, I wouldn't be facing financial difficulties.

5. If they had recruited additional staff, they wouldn't have experienced such a heavy workload.

Bài 3:

1. Would have informed/would have gathered

2. Wouldn’t have chuckled/would have combed

3. Had refilled/would have owned

4. Would have caught/would have rushed

5. Would have turned

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