Bài tập tiếng Anh lớp 12 - Đơn vị 5: Danh Tính Văn Hóa (chi tiết và hấp dẫn)

Chọn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra từ khác biệt về vị trí trọng âm chính trong các câu hỏi sau.

Câu 1: A. anthem        B. appear        C. attire        D. attend

Câu 2: A. unify        B. unique        C. uniqueness       D. unite

Câu 3: A. assimilate        B. diagnose       C. festival       D. scenery

Câu 4: A. diversity        B. endanger        C. geography        D. opposite

Câu 5: A. circumstance        B. considerate       C. community       D. identity

Câu 6: A. capture        B. picture        C. ensure        D. pleasure

Câu 7: A. different        B. important        C. essential        D. negation

Câu 8: A. popular        B. dangerous        C. environment        D. applicant

Câu 9: A. opportunity        B. intellectual        C. psychology        D. civilization

Câu 10: A. dormitory        B. elementary        C. beneficial        D. continental

Câu 11: A. phonetic        B. dynamic        C. climatic        D. atmospheric

Câu 12: A. commentator       B. prehistory        C. preferable        D. practicable

Câu 13: A. mandate        B. promote        C. address        D. pursue

Câu 14: A. insecure       B. scenario        C. inaccurate        D. infrequent

Câu 15: A. property       B. surgery        C. vacation        D. nitrogen

Bài 1. Chọn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra từ gần nghĩa nhất với từ gạch chân trong từng câu hỏi sau.

Câu 1: Khi nói đến sự đa dạng, ngôn ngữ có thể là cầu nối để xây dựng mối quan hệ, hoặc là công cụ để tạo ra và duy trì sự phân cách giữa các khác biệt.

A. assimilation       B. distinction

C. uniformity        D. variance

Câu 2: Tình hình trở nên căng thẳng khi các nhà tổ chức lễ hội không lường trước được rằng đám đông sẽ nổi giận vì bị ngăn cản không được nhận các phần quà.

A. challenging to finish

B. hard to manage

C. difficult to locate

D. improbable to occur

Câu 3: Một số hoạt động tại các lễ hội địa phương đã bị kiểm tra nghiêm ngặt trong những năm gần đây.

A. endorsement        B. focus

C. rejection        D. review

Question 4: The local community views the festival as a chance to impart lessons of patriotism and courage to the younger generation.

A. valor        B. fairness

C. fidelity        D. honesty

Question 5: Princess Anne, beaming with a smile, was dressed in a turquoise hat and a coordinating jacket, complemented by a white top.

A. seized        B. captured

C. uncovered        D. exhibited

Question 6: This becomes crucial in the era of globalization, where nations encounter a formidable task in safeguarding their unique cultural identities.

A. daunting       B. pleasing

C. motivating        D. compelling

Question 7: The Indigenous experience, akin to any form of belonging, is remarkably dynamic and context-dependent, which means there are innumerable examples of how such cultural diversities might manifest.

A. enumerable        B. uncountable

C. insufficient to count        D. too numerous to count

Question 8: Steve Kootenay-Jobin, the Aboriginal housing coordinator at Mount Royal University, observes that numerous Indigenous students relocating to the city for their studies face cultural adjustment challenges.

A. evade        B. tackle

C. conquer        D. eradicate

Question 9: Culture is often depicted as elements that are commonly shared and bring people together within a community.

A. separate        B. involve

C. compel        D. merge

Question 10: After being admitted as a student at the school or college, it is illegal for them to discriminate against you based on your religion or belief.

A. assess        B. ignore

C. misunderstand        D. dismiss

Bài 2. Choose the letter A, B, C or D to show the correct answer for each of the following questions.

Question 1: How long ____ Gerry been there?

A. have you been knowing

B. have you known

C. have you been knowing

D. have you known

Question 2: How many times ____ you visited New York?

A. has Charles been attending

B. has Charles gone to

C. have Charles been attending

D. have Charles gone to

Question 3: She ____ French vocabulary for hours, yet she still doesn't recall all of them.

A. has been studying

B. has been studied

C. has studied

D. have been studying

Question 4: My father ____.

A. has never tried smoking

B. have never tried smoking

C. has never been smoking

D. have never been smoking

Question 5: Oh no, the light ____ all night.

A. has been alight        B. has burned

C. has ignited        D. have been burning

Although noise, which is often considered an unwanted form of sound pollution, is widely acknowledged, measuring it proves challenging because discomfort varies greatly among individuals. While lower levels of noise may cause minor irritation, higher levels can lead to hearing damage. Especially in densely populated urban areas, the noise generated by modern technology inflicts both physical and psychological damage, diminishing the quality of life for those who encounter it.

Unlike eyes, which are protected by eyelids from intense light, the ear remains unshielded and perpetually exposed; hence, it is continuously susceptible to noise. Sounds infiltrate without any defense. The effects of noise are uncontrollable and the body never adjusts to them. Intense noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including humans. Consequently, heartbeat and respiration speed up, blood vessels constrict, skin loses its color, and muscles become tense. There is a general enhancement in bodily functions due to adrenaline released in response to fear, with some reactions lasting even after the noise has ended, sometimes for up to thirty minutes.

Given that noise is an inescapable aspect of modern industrial life, our reactions are akin to those we exhibit in danger. Recent studies suggest that noise might be more than just a nuisance; it could pose a significant risk to both physical and mental health. It may harm not just the ears and brain, but also the heart and stomach. While hearing loss has long been recognized as the leading nonfatal health issue in the U.S., it's now evident that individuals with heart conditions and ulcers might also suffer due to noise. Fetuses exposed to noise often display hyperactivity, cry frequently, and are prone to gastrointestinal issues post-birth. Moreover, the psychological impact of noise is considerable, leading to increased nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety, which negatively affect sleep quality, daytime activity efficiency, and interpersonal interactions.

Question 1: What is the primary point the author is making?

A. Hearing loss is the top nonfatal health problem in America.

B. Loud noises indicate danger.

C. Noise might represent a significant danger to our physical and mental well-being.

D. The ear differs from the eye.

Question 2: How is noise characterized in the passage?

A. A technological byproduct.

B. Harmful to both physical and mental health

C. Noise is often associated with congestion.

D. Noise refers to undesired sound.

Question 3: What makes noise challenging to quantify?

A. Different individuals react to it variably

B. It leads to hearing impairment.

C. It is undesired.

D. Individuals get used to it.

Question 4: What is the best substitute for ‘congested’ as used in paragraph 1?

A. dangerous        B. packed

C. contaminated        D. hurried

Question 5: What does the pronoun ‘it’ in the opening paragraph refer to?

A. the standard of living

B. technological progress

C. the noise

D. physical and mental damage

Question 6: As described in the passage, how do people react to loud noises similarly to their reaction to ___.

A. irritation        B. threat

C. injury        D. illness

Question 7: In paragraph 3, what is the closest synonym for the verb ‘accelerate’?

A. slow down        B. change

C. enhance        D. emit

Question 8: In paragraph 4, what is the closest meaning to the phrase ‘as well as’?

A. after everything        B. in place of

C. in addition        D. despite

Question 9: From the passage, what can be inferred about the eye?

A. reacts to fear

B. is better protected than the ear

C. enhances its functions

D. suffers from noise

In the Navajo nation, which stretches across four states in the American southwest, the native language is facing extinction. The majority of its speakers are middle-aged or older. While many students enroll in Navajo classes, education is primarily conducted in English. English dominates street signs, supermarket products, and even their local newspaper. Consequently, linguists are skeptical that any native Navajo speakers will exist in a century.

Navajo is not unique in this struggle. Approximately half of the world’s 6,800 languages are expected to disappear within two generations—equating to one language every ten days. The decline in linguistic diversity is unprecedented. Geographic isolation fosters linguistic diversity, resulting in many languages spoken by only a handful of people. Only 250 languages have over a million speakers, while at least 3,000 languages have fewer than 2,500 speakers. Not all small languages are on the brink of extinction, though. Despite having 150,000 speakers, Navajo is deemed endangered. A language’s risk of extinction is more about the age of its speakers than its number. Languages spoken by children are relatively safe, whereas those spoken only by the elderly are critically endangered, according to Michael Krauss, head of the Alaska Native Language Center in Fairbanks.

Why do individuals abandon their ancestral language? It often starts with a loss of confidence when a small community interacts with a larger, more affluent society, explains Nicholas Ostler from Britain’s Foundation for Endangered Languages in Bath. “People lose confidence in their culture,” he states. “As the next generation reaches adolescence, they may not wish to continue the old traditions.” The shift is not always voluntary. Governments frequently attempt to eradicate minority languages by prohibiting their public use or discouraging their presence in schools to foster national unity. For instance, the former US policy of operating Indian reservations in English effectively endangered languages like Navajo. However, Salikoko Mufwene, chair of the Linguistics Department at the University of Chicago, contends that economic globalization is a more potent threat than government policies. “Native Americans haven’t lost pride in their language, but they’ve had to adapt to socio-economic pressures,” he notes. “They cannot avoid speaking English when most commercial activities are conducted in it.”

Nonetheless, a growing interest in preserving cultural identity may counteract these dire predictions. ‘The key to maintaining linguistic diversity is for individuals to learn both their ancestral language and the dominant language,’ says Doug Whalen, founder and president of the Endangered Language Fund in New Haven, Connecticut. “Most of these languages will survive with a significant degree of bilingualism,” he adds.

Question 1: The passage indicates that the number of endangered languages is ____.

A. approximately 3,200        B. roughly 6,800

C. at least 3,000        D. under 2,500

Question 2: In paragraph 2, the term ‘peppered’ is most similar in meaning to ____.

A. scattered randomly

B. gradually affected

C. thinly scattered

D. accidentally managed

Question 3: As per the passage, the preservation of endangered languages requires people to

A. refrain from using their primary language

B. develop a stronger connection to cultural heritage

C. speak multiple languages

D. compose texts in their native language

Question 4: Who believes that switching languages could lead to the erosion of cultural traditions?

A. Doug Whalen B. Michael Krauss

C. Nicholas Ostler D. Salikoko Mufwene

Question 5: What does the term 'these' in paragraph 5 refer to?

A. the original language

B. the prevalent language

C. the increasing focus on cultural identity

D. the essential factor in promoting diversity

Question 6: Why is the Navajo language considered to be endangered?

A. it has a very small number of speakers today

B. it is primarily used by older generations

C. it was historically prohibited by past US policies

D. many young people choose not to learn it

Select the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the sentence that best merges the two given sentences in the following questions.

Question 1: Harry has stopped smoking heavily.

A. Harry now smokes heavily.

B. Harry used to smoke heavily.

C. Harry was not accustomed to smoking a lot.

D. Harry seldom smoked heavily.

Question 2: “I will get in touch with you once I reach the airport,” he told me.

A. He refused to contact me as soon as he reached the airport.

B. He assured me he would call as soon as he reached the airport.

C. He rejected the idea of calling me as soon as he got to the airport.

D. He asked me to get in touch with him once he reached the airport.

Question 3: It is believed that the growing number of private vehicles is causing traffic jams in the city center.

A. The increase in private cars is blamed for the traffic issues in the downtown area.

B. It is considered that the rise in private car numbers is leading to traffic congestion in the city center.

C. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is linked to the growing number of private cars.

D. It is believed that traffic jams in the downtown area are caused by the rise in private car numbers.

Question 4: The young girl boasts substantial nursing experience due to her years of volunteering at the hospital.

A. The young girl has substantial nursing experience, gained from her years of volunteering at the hospital.

B. Despite her years of volunteering at the hospital, the young girl possesses significant nursing experience.

C. The young girl, who has gained significant nursing experience through years of hospital volunteering,

D. With extensive nursing experience, the young girl has dedicated years to volunteering at the hospital.

Question 5: Peter mentioned his departure from the school when he arrived at the meeting.

A. Peter informed us of his school departure only after he reached the meeting.

B. Peter didn’t arrive at the meeting until he had told us about leaving the school.

C. Peter had scarcely told us about his school departure when he arrived at the meeting.

D. The moment Peter reached the meeting, he immediately mentioned his departure from the school.

Question 6: The issue of maintaining cultural identities in a globalized world is highly contentious.

A. The preservation of cultural identities in a global context is a major point of contention.

B. Regardless of the intense debate, it is crucial to preserve cultural identities on the international stage.

C. The debate over maintaining cultural identities in a global context is a significant issue.

D. The need to preserve cultural identities globally is a topic of considerable debate.

Question 7: Without guidance, sacred texts and ceremonies can appear bewildering.

Young individuals seek out an expert to elucidate their meaning.

A. Even though sacred texts and ceremonies may seem perplexing without guidance, young people are compelled to find an expert to clarify their significance.

B. Given that sacred texts and ceremonies may appear confusing without guidance, young people often seek an expert to clarify their significance.

C. Since sacred texts and ceremonies might be puzzling without guidance, young people may look for an expert willing to explain their significance.

D. As sacred texts and ceremonies can be confusing without proper guidance, young people are expected to find an expert to help explain their significance.

Question 8: Cultural differences, language barriers, and varying family resources impact how life experience knowledge is transferred, often through verbal instructions and daily actions.

A. Despite differences in culture, language, and family resources, life experience knowledge is often transferred through verbal instructions and actions in daily life.

B. Regardless of variations in culture, language, facilities, or economic status, life experience knowledge is transferred through vocal guidelines and daily activities.

C. Life experience knowledge is transferred through vocal guidelines and daily activities, influenced by differences in culture, language, facilities, or economic status.

D. Even with differences in culture, language, facilities, or economic status, vocal guidelines and daily actions remain key methods for transferring life experience knowledge.

Question 9: The influence of global communications on our cultural identity is undeniable and is expected to grow even stronger.

A. It is undeniable that global communications will increasingly impact our cultural identity in significant ways.

B. It is undeniable that global communications will increasingly influence our cultural identity in a more powerful way.

C. It is indisputable that global communications will have a growing impact on our cultural identity.

D. It is hard to deny that global communications will gain even more power in affecting our cultural identity.

Question 10: While we acknowledge that changes are inevitable, we will not permit everything to be eradicated, destroyed, or forgotten.

A. Recognizing that changes are inevitable does not imply that we will accept the complete erasure, destruction, or loss of everything.

B. Even though we acknowledge that changes are inevitable, we will not permit everything to be erased, destroyed, or forgotten.

C. Accepting that changes are inevitable does not mean we will allow everything to be erased, destroyed, or forgotten.

D. While we accept that changes are unavoidable, we will ensure that nothing is completely wiped out, destroyed, or forgotten.

Question 11: When individuals relinquish their heritage, traditional beliefs, and other elements of their native culture, they start to lose their sense of identity.

A. If individuals do not relinquish their heritage, traditional beliefs, and other elements of their native culture, they will maintain their sense of identity.

B. When individuals abandon their heritage, traditional beliefs, and other facets of their native culture, they completely lose their sense of self.

C. If people relinquish their heritage, traditional beliefs, and other elements of their native culture, they are likely to lose their sense of self.

D. When people discard their heritage, traditional beliefs, and other aspects of their native culture, it is expected that they will lose their sense of self.

Question 12: With many languages facing extinction, if you know one, you should teach it to others.

A. If you are familiar with any of the languages at risk of disappearing, you should make an effort to teach it to others.

B. If you are familiar with any of the thousands of languages at risk of disappearing, make sure to teach it to others.

C. Since you know one of the many languages that face extinction, you should pass it on to others.

D. Whenever you know one of the languages that are in danger of vanishing, be sure to teach it to others.

Question 13: The girl speaking with a man who has a ponytail is a friend of mine.

A. The girl who is conversing with a man sporting a ponytail is my friend.

B. The girl being spoken to by a man with a ponytail is my friend.

C. The girl conversing with a man who has a ponytail is my friend.

D. The girl who is having a conversation with a man sporting a ponytail is my friend.

Question 14: She doesn't want to attend their party, and neither do we.

A. Neither she nor us are interested in going to their party.

B. We and she both do not wish to attend their party.

C. Either we or she is not interested in going to their party.

D. We and she both are not keen on going to their party.

Question 15: Personal calls on the office phone are prohibited for workers.

A. Workers are prohibited from using the office phone for personal calls.

B. The office phone is off-limits for personal use by workers.

C. Workers are expected to use the office phone solely for work-related matters.

D. Workers are restricted from making phone calls.