Buzz
Key Takeaways |
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1. Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ:
2. Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ:
3. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
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Tổng quan về lý thuyết mệnh đề quan hệ cho lớp 11
Các dạng mệnh đề quan hệ khác nhau
Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clauses) có vai trò bổ sung thông tin cho danh từ hoặc đại từ đứng trước, trong đó bao gồm: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Clauses)
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định cung cấp thông tin thêm để xác định đối tượng được nói đến một cách đầy đủ.
Đại từ quan hệ thường dùng: who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where
Who: dùng cho người, làm chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ: The man who teaches us English is very kind. (Người đàn ông dạy chúng tôi tiếng Anh rất tử tế.)
Whom: dùng cho người, làm tân ngữ.
Ví dụ: The woman whom I met yesterday is my aunt. (Người phụ nữ tôi gặp hôm qua là dì của tôi.)
Which: dùng cho vật, có thể làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ.
Ví dụ: The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (Cuốn sách tôi mượn từ thư viện rất thú vị.)
That: dùng thay thế cho “who” và “which” trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
Ví dụ: Harry works for a shop that sells flowers and plants. (Harry làm việc cho một cửa hàng bán hoa và cây cảnh.)
Whose: chỉ sở hữu, thường đi chung với danh từ ở sau.
Ví dụ: The man whose car was stolen is my neighbor. (Người đàn ông có chiếc xe bị mất là hàng xóm của tôi.)
When: chỉ thời gian.
Ví dụ: I remember the day when we first met. (Tôi nhớ ngày chúng tôi gặp nhau lần đầu.)
Where: chỉ nơi chốn.
Ví dụ: This is the house where I grew up. (Đây là ngôi nhà nơi tôi lớn lên.)
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-Defining Relative Clauses)
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định không bắt buộc trong câu, nó chỉ cung cấp thêm thông tin về đối tượng. Mệnh đề này thường được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.
Đại từ quan hệ thường dùng: who, whom, which, whose, when, where (không có “that”)
Ví dụ:
My teacher, who is from Canada, speaks three languages. (Giáo viên của tôi, người đến từ Canada, nói ba thứ tiếng.)
This car, which I bought last year, is very expensive. (Chiếc xe này, tôi đã mua năm ngoái, rất đắt.)
Dạng Rút Gọn của Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ
Trong một số trường hợp, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn để câu văn ngắn gọn và súc tích hơn. Trong đó, học sinh có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng participles (phân từ)
Rút gọn thông qua Cụm Phân Từ (Participle Phrases)
Phương pháp rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm phân từ hiện tại (V-ing)
Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ ở thể chủ động (active voice), dùng cụm phân từ hiện tại để rút gọn: bỏ đi đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ (nếu có), giữ lại động từ chính và thêm đuôi "-ing".
Ví dụ:
The woman who is walking in the park is my teacher.
→ The woman walking in the park is my teacher.
The students who are not studying in the classroom have gone to the library.
→ The students not studying in the library have gone to the library.
Phương pháp rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm phân từ quá khứ (V3/ed)
Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ ở thể bị động (passive voice), dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ để rút gọn: bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ to-be và trợ động từ (nếu có), giữ nguyên động từ chính ở dạng V3/ed.
Ví dụ:
The car which was repaired yesterday is ready.
→ The car repaired yesterday is ready.
The house which has been built for 3 years year belongs to my uncle.
Bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 11 với đáp án
Bài tập 1: Điền các đại từ quan hệ who, which, whose, whom vào chỗ trống
This is the book __________ I borrowed from the library.
The man __________ you met yesterday is my uncle.
I have a friend __________ dog is very friendly.
The girl __________ won the contest is my cousin.
The restaurant __________ we had dinner at last night was excellent.
He is the person __________ helped me with my homework.
The movie __________ we watched last night was really good.
The teacher __________ teaches us math is very strict.
Do you know the woman __________ car was stolen last week?
The house __________ we are living in is over 100 years old.
The students __________ we met at the conference are from Japan.
That’s the artist __________ paintings are on display at the gallery.
The doctor __________ you spoke to will see you now.
The man __________ laptop was found is waiting for you.
The letter __________ I received yesterday made me really happy.
Bài tập 2: Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ để viết câu dựa trên các từ đã cho
A Scot is a person (live in Scotland) ___________
Nessie is a monster (live in Loch Ness) ___________
July is the month (we have summer vacation) _____________
The teacher (you like the most) ___________
A library is a place (you can borrow books) __________
This is the man (house is near the park) ___________
A smartphone is a device (we use to make calls) _________
The day (I first met you) _______
The woman (you spoke to yesterday) ________
A mechanic is someone (fixes cars) ___________
The movie (I watched last night) __________
That’s the boy (parents work abroad) _________
A hospital is a place (people go when they are sick) ________
The restaurant (we went to last weekend) ________
That’s the time (he usually arrives) __________
Bài tập 3: Kết hợp hai câu bằng mệnh đề quan hệ
Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709.Samuel Johnson ___________
In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford.In 1728, he went ____________
Oxford is a city. It is famous for its university.Oxford ____________
Johnson wrote many essays. His essays are still read today.Johnson wrote many essays ___________
A dictionary is a book. It explains the meanings of words.A dictionary _____________
He was a famous writer. His works have inspired many people.He was a famous writer __________
London is the city. Samuel Johnson spent most of his life there.London is the city ___________
I visited the museum. It contains Johnson’s original works.I visited the museum ____________
There are many people. They admire Johnson’s writings.There are many people ____________
The house is now a museum. Johnson was born in this house.The house ___________
The year was 1709. Johnson was born in that year.The year __________
Pembroke College is a university. Johnson attended this university.Pembroke College __________
The essay was well-received. Johnson wrote this essay.The essay ___________
The statue honors Johnson. It stands in the center of the square.The statue ___________
The man is my teacher. You met him yesterday.The man _____________
Bài tập 4: Rút gọn các mệnh đề quan hệ thích hợp
The man who is talking to John is my uncle.The man ____________
The book which was written by J.K. Rowling became a bestseller.The book ____________
The boy who is playing the piano is my cousin.The boy __________
The vegetables that are sold in this market are fresh.The vegetables ___________
The woman who is sitting next to me is my teacher.The woman _____________
The houses that were damaged by the storm have been repaired.The houses _____________
The girl who is studying in the library is my friend.The girl ____________
The articles that were published in the newspaper were well-written.The articles ____________
The people who were invited to the party didn’t come.The people ____________
The road which leads to the village is very narrow.The road ___________
The boy who is waiting for the bus is my neighbor.The boy ___________
The pictures that were painted by Picasso are expensive.The pictures _________
The man who is carrying the suitcase is my father.The man _______
The dog that is barking loudly is mine.The dog _______
The trees which were planted last year are growing well.The trees ____________
Bài tập 5: Lựa chọn câu trả lời chính xác
She is talking about the author ________ book is one of the best-sellers this year.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. who
The man ________ next to me kept talking during the film, ________ really annoyed me.A. having sat / thatB. sitting / whichC. to sit / whatD. sitting / who
The building ________ was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. who
The woman ________ to the principal is my mother.A. talkedB. talksC. talkingD. to talk
The boy ________ by the teacher is now sitting quietly.A. being scoldedB. scoldC. to scoldD. scolding
The girl ________ with her friend is very beautiful.A. to danceB. dancingC. dancesD. danced
The house ________ by the river is my grandmother’s.A. buildsB. builtC. to buildD. building
The books ________ on the table belong to my sister.A. placingB. placedC. to placeD. place
The film ________ by the critics is now playing in the cinema.A. being praisedB. praisedC. to praiseD. praising
The students ________ their homework are very responsible.A. doingB. to doC. didD. done
The project ________ by the company was a success.A. to completeB. completedC. completingD. completes
The report ________ yesterday was very informative.A. to writeB. writingC. writtenD. writes
The dog ________ at the door is mine.A. barkingB. barksC. barkedD. to bark
The students ________ for the exam were nervous.A. preparingB. preparedC. to prepareD. prepares
The man ________ a book was so focused that he didn't hear me.A. to readB. readingC. readsD. read
Bài tập 6: Hoàn thành các câu bằng cách sử dụng các động từ ở dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thích hợp
The man ________ (stand) at the corner is my uncle.
The letter ________ (write) by her father was very touching.
People ________ (wait) in the queue were getting impatient.
The documents ________ (send) yesterday have not arrived yet.
The boy ________ (play) football in the park is my brother.
The house ________ (destroy) by the fire has been rebuilt.
Students ________ (study) in the library are preparing for their exams.
The car ________ (repair) last week is running smoothly now.
The woman ________ (carry) a baby was smiling happily.
The bridge ________ (build) last year connects two towns.
The song ________ (play) on the radio is my favorite.
The room ________ (decorate) for the wedding looked stunning.
The children ________ (swim) in the pool are from my neighborhood.
The flowers ________ (pick) this morning are for the ceremony.
The teacher ________ (explain) the lesson is very knowledgeable.
Đáp án cho Bài tập Mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 11
This is the book which I borrowed from the library.
The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.
I have a friend whose dog is very friendly.
The girl who won the contest is my cousin.
The restaurant which we had dinner at last night was excellent.
He is the person who helped me with my homework.
The movie which we watched last night was really good.
The teacher who teaches us math is very strict.
Do you know the woman whose car was stolen last week?
The house which we are living in is over 100 years old.
The students whom we met at the conference are from Japan.
That’s the artist whose paintings are on display at the gallery.
The doctor whom you spoke to will see you now.
The man whose laptop was found is waiting for you.
The letter which I received yesterday made me really happy.
Bài 2:
A Scot is a person who lives in Scotland.
Nessie is a monster which lives in Loch Ness.
July is the month when we have summer vacation.
The teacher whom you like the most is very kind.
A library is a place where you can borrow books.
This is the man whose house is near the park.
A smartphone is a device which we use to make calls.
The day when I first met you was unforgettable.
The woman whom you spoke to yesterday is my aunt.
A mechanic is someone who fixes cars.
The movie which I watched last night was amazing.
That’s the boy whose parents work abroad.
A hospital is a place where people go when they are sick.
The restaurant where we went to last weekend was expensive.
That’s the time when he usually arrives.
Bài 3:
Samuel Johnson who was born in 1709 was the son of a bookseller.
In 1728, he went to Oxford where he studied at Pembroke College.
Oxford which is famous for its university is a city.
Johnson wrote many essays which are still read today.
A dictionary which explains the meanings of words is a book.
He was a famous writer whose works have inspired many people.
London is the city where Samuel Johnson spent most of his life.
I visited the museum which contains Johnson’s original works.
There are many people who admire Johnson’s writings.
The house where Johnson was born is now a museum.
The year when Johnson was born was 1709.
Pembroke College which Johnson attended is a university.
The essay which Johnson wrote was well-received.
The statue which stands in the center of the square honors Johnson.
The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher.
Bài 4:
The man talking to John is my uncle.
The book written by J.K. Rowling became a bestseller.
The boy playing the piano is my cousin.
The vegetables sold in this market are fresh.
The woman sitting next to me is my teacher.
The houses damaged by the storm have been repaired.
The girl studying in the library is my friend.
The articles published in the newspaper were well-written.
The people invited to the party didn’t come.
The road leading to the village is very narrow.
The boy waiting for the bus is my neighbor.
The pictures painted by Picasso are expensive.
The man carrying the suitcase is my father.
The dog barking loudly is mine.
The trees planted last year are growing well.
Bài 5:
B. whose
B. sitting / which
A. which
C. talking
A. being scolded
B. dancing
B. built
B. placed
B. praised
A. doing
B. completed
C. written
A. barking
A. preparing
B. reading
Bài 6:
standing
written
waiting
sent
playing
destroyed
studying
repaired
carrying
built
playing
decorated
swimming
picked
explaining
