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1. Tổng quan về lý thuyết thì quá khứ đơn (Simple Past Tense)
Trước khi bắt đầu luyện tập với các bài tập thì quá khứ đơn, hãy cùng TOPICA điểm qua những lý thuyết quan trọng về thì quá khứ đơn nhé!
1.1. Công thức của thì quá khứ đơn
| Thể | Động từ tobe | Động từ thường |
|---|---|---|
| Khẳng định (+) |
Trong đó: S = I/ He/ She/ It + was S= We/ You/ They + were Ví dụ: I was at my friend’s house yesterday morning. (Tôi đã ở nhà bạn tôi sáng hôm qua.) |
Ví dụ: We studied English last night. (Tối qua chúng tôi đã học tiếng Anh.) |
| Phủ định (-) |
Trong đó: was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t Ví dụ: We weren’t at home yesterday. (Hôm qua chúng tôi không ở nhà.) |
Trong thì quá khứ đơn câu phủ định ta mượn trợ động từ “did + not” (viết tắt là “didn’t), động từ theo sau ở dạng nguyên thể.) Ví dụ: He didn’t come to school last week. (Tuần trước cậu ta không đến trường.) |
| Nghi vấn (?) | Was/Were+ S + V(nguyên thể)?
Ví dụ: Was she tired of yesterday? (Cô ấy có bị mệt ngày hôm qua không?) -> Yes, she was. (Có, cô ấy có.) |
Ví dụ: Did you visit Ho Chi Minh Museum with your class last weekend? (Bạn có đi thăm bảo tàng Hồ Chí Minh với lớp của bạn cuối tuần trước hay không?) -> Yes, I did. (Có, mình có) |
1.2. Sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn
- Diễn tả một hành động hoặc sự việc đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ và đã hoàn tất hoàn toàn.
VD: My sister returned home late last night. (Chị gái tôi về nhà muộn đêm qua.)
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
VD: They used to love visiting the zoo. (Họ thường rất thích đi thăm vườn bách thú.)
- Diễn tả các hành động xảy ra liên tục trong quá khứ.
VD: Anna arrived home, had a nap, and then ate lunch. (Laura về nhà, nghỉ ngơi một chút, rồi ăn trưa.)
- Diễn tả một hành động ngắt quãng một hành động khác đang xảy ra trong quá khứ.
VD: While Jane was preparing breakfast, the power went out unexpectedly. (Khi Jane đang chuẩn bị bữa sáng thì đột ngột mất điện.)
- Diễn tả một tình huống giả định không có thực trong hiện tại trong câu điều kiện loại II.
VD: Nếu là bạn, bạn sẽ làm điều đó. (If you were me, you would do it.)
Bài tập về thì quá khứ đơn – bài tập về thì quá khứ đơn – bài tập past simple
- Sử dụng trong câu ước không có thực
Tôi ước mình đang ở Mỹ ngay bây giờ. (I wish I were in America now.)
→ việc “ở Mỹ” là điều không có thật tại thời điểm hiện tại.
- Được sử dụng trong một số cấu trúc: It’s + (high) time + S + Ved It + is + khoảng thời gian + since + thì quá khứ
Ví dụ: Đã đến lúc chúng ta nên bắt đầu học tiếng Anh một cách nghiêm túc. (It is high time we started to learn English seriously.)
- Câu hỏi có thể ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành, còn câu trả lời thì ở quá khứ
Ví dụ:
Nếu người đưa thư thường đến từ 9 giờ đến 10 giờ, ta sẽ hỏi:
→ Has the postman arrived yet/this morning?
(Người đưa thư đã đến vào sáng nay chưa?)
Nhưng sau khoảng thời gian từ 9 giờ đến 10 giờ, ta sẽ hỏi:
→ Did the postman arrive this morning?
(Vào sáng nay, người đưa thư đã tới chưa?)
- Được sử dụng để mô tả một sự kiện lịch sử.
Ví dụ:
The Chinese were the pioneers of printing. (Người Trung Quốc là những người tiên phong trong việc phát minh máy in)
- Được dùng để chỉ những hành động xảy ra rõ ràng tại một thời điểm cụ thể, dù thời điểm đó không được nêu rõ.
Ví dụ: The train was delayed by ten minutes. (Chuyến tàu đã bị trễ mười phút)
1.3. Những dấu hiệu nhận diện thì quá khứ đơn
Để xác định động từ cần chia ở thì quá khứ đơn, bạn nên chú ý đến các từ sau trong câu:
- Yesterday: Hôm qua
- Last night: Tối qua
- Last week: Tuần trước
- Last month: Tháng trước
- Last year: Năm ngoái
- Ago: Cách đây
- at, on, in… + thời điểm trong quá khứ
- When + mệnh đề sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn
2. Bài tập thực hành
Task 1. Điền dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. My sister (get) married last month.
2. Daisy (arrive) at her grandparents’ place three days ago.
3. My computer (was) not working yesterday.
4. He (got) me a large teddy bear for my birthday last week.
5. My friend (handed) me a chocolate bar when I (was) at school yesterday.
6. My kids (didn’t complete) their homework last night.
7. Did you (reside) here five years ago?
8. They (were watching) TV late last night.
9. Was your friend (at) your place last weekend?
10. They (weren’t) thrilled about the movie last night.
Task 2. Complete the sentence.
1. Linh ___________her maths assignment yesterday. (to complete)
2. Did Tuan ___________to Taiwan by plane? (travel)
3. We ___________a farm three weeks back. (visited)
4. Tuan and Tu ___________their brother. (failed to help)
5. The children ___________home last Sunday. (weren’t)
6. When ___________you ___________this beautiful dress? (to create)
7. My father ___________into the truck. (did not crash)
8. Tuan ___________the basket from his bicycle. (removed)
9. Did ___________you ___________your uncle last weekend? (call)
10. She ___________any milk during class. (did not drink)
Task 3. Apply the Past tense of the verbs
1. Yesterday, I (went)______ to the restaurant with a client.
2. We (drove) ______ around the parking lot for 20 minutes looking for a space.
3. By the time we (arrived) ______ at the restaurant, it (was) ______ already full.
4. The waitress (inquired) ______ whether we (had) reservations.
5. I respond, 'No, my assistant overlooked making them.'
6. The waitress instructed us to return in two hours.
7. My client and I gradually made our way back to the car.
8. Then we noticed a small convenience store.
9. We went into the store and picked up some sandwiches.
10. That would be preferable to waiting for two hours.
Task 4. Rephrase the sentence using the given hint.
1. Yesterday, I saw him on the way home.
2. What did you do last night? You looked tired when you came to my house this morning.
3. She didn’t eat anything because she was tired.
4. Dogs go out while she goes shopping. They appear to be happy.
5. Haven’t you studied the lesson?
Task 5. Complete the paragraph.
Last year, I spent my summer vacation with my family. We decided to visit Danang and Hoi-An since they are renowned for their beauty. On the trip's first day, we went to My-Khe beach. While my father was swimming, my sister was building a sand castle. On the second day, we rented a car near our hotel and drove to Hoi An. While we were driving, it started to rain. However, it didn’t significantly impact our trip. We visited some ancient temples and enjoyed famous local food. As we wandered around the old town, we saw numerous lanterns hanging in front of each house. We had a fantastic time on our trip.
Task 6. Conjugate the verbs in parentheses.
1. Tom was reading while Amely was watching a documentary on TV.
2. Marvin arrived home, turned on his computer, and checked his emails.
3. The thief entered the house quietly, stole the jewels, and departed without leaving any clues.
4. Nobody paid attention while the teacher was explaining the tenses.
5. While we were on a sightseeing tour, our friends were relaxing on the beach.
6. He woke up and glanced at his watch.
7. The receptionist greeted the guests and requested them to complete the form.
8. The car broke down, so we had to walk back home.
9. The boys were swimming while the girls were sunbathing.
10. My father walked in, surveyed the room, and asked me to clean up.
Task 7. Đặt động từ vào thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn.
1. While Tom was reading, Amely was watching a documentary on TV.
2. Marvin arrived home, turned on his computer, and checked his emails.
3. The thief slipped into the house, took the jewels, and left without a trace.
4. Nobody was listening while the teacher was explaining the tenses.
5. While we were on a sightseeing tour, our friends were sunbathing on the beach.
6. He woke up and checked his watch.
7. The receptionist greeted the guests and asked them to complete the form.
8. The car broke down, so we had to walk home.
9. The boys were swimming while the girls were sunbathing.
10. My father walked in, scanned the room, and instructed me to clean up my space.
Task 8. Conjugate the verbs in either the simple past or the past perfect tense.
1. By the time we showed up, nearly everyone had already left.
2. He was curious if he had forgotten his wallet at home.
3. The secretary stayed until she had completed her tasks.
4. The moment the couple entered the house, they started arguing.
5. The teacher inquired of the boy why he hadn’t completed his homework.
6. She had already sent the letter when she realized it was sent to the incorrect address.
7. The car had barely traveled a mile before it got a flat tire.
8. The weather turned out to be much worse than we had anticipated.
9. They had been married for five years before they eventually had a child.
10. As soon as they sold their car, they started regretting the decision.
Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the correct verb forms.
1. Yesterday, I went to the park with my brother.
2. The cashier instructed us to return in two hours.
3. By the time we arrived at the stadium, the entire venue was already packed.
4. Then we spotted a small shop.
5. We spent 30 minutes circling the parking lot trying to locate a parking spot.
6. I went to visit my friends last week.
7. He stayed up late last night.
8. Yesterday, I drank some wine, sang a song, and played the piano.
9. I turned off the light, went to bed, and then fell asleep.
10. While I was singing, my friends arrived.
Task 10. Conjugate the verbs correctly and rewrite the sentences
1. Were they happy during the last holiday?
2. How did you arrive there?
3. I played football last Sunday.
4. My mother baked two cakes four days ago.
5. Tyler visited his grandmother last month.
