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Đề mục là gì?
Đoạn văn mẫu là một phần không thể thiếu trong bài thi IELTS Writing Task 2. Nó cung cấp thông tin và hướng dẫn cho nội dung của đoạn văn, thường được đặt ở đầu đoạn.
Ví dụ:
Hi-tech devices have revolutionised the way patients are diagnosed and treated.
(Topic sentence). Portable medical gadgets have been assets in many households, and those having health problems can observe their own blood pressure without having to go to hospital. Furthermore, nanotechnology, with miniature robots being injected into patients’ body and repairing nearly every single damaged organ, are coming into practice. Its results are very promising; optimists predict that in the near future, those cute little nanobots will be able to put an end to cancer, AIDS, diabetes and some other currently incurable diseases.
Ví dụ:
Theo tài liệu Great Paragraphs, một câu topic sentence xuất sắc sẽ là câu…
- Định hướng được nội dung của toàn bộ đoạn văn. Điều đó có nghĩa là khi bạn đọc câu topic sentence, bạn có thể biết được phần sau tác giả sẽ viết gì. Ví dụ như trong câu topic sentence ở đoạn văn trên, biết được tác giả sẽ viết về cuộc cách mạng trong việc chẩn đoán và chữa trị bệnh nhân nhờ công nghệ.
- Không phải là một sự thật hiển nhiên mà ai cũng công nhận. Ví dụ, câu “libraries have books” rõ ràng không phải là một câu topic sentence hay.
- Topic sentence cần phải cụ thể. Ví dụ như trong đoạn văn ở trên, câu “hi-tech devices are good” rõ ràng không phải là câu topic sentence tốt vì nó quá chung chung – người đọc sẽ không biết mình sẽ đọc về gì trong đoạn văn này.
- Tuy nhiên, một câu topic sentence hay cũng không nên quá cụ thể. Ví dụ, nếu ta viết “nanobots cure thousands of patients every year in the hospital near my house.” thì nội dung của đoạn văn sẽ bị giới hạn một cách khủng khiếp – lát nữa ta sẽ không biết viết gì thêm.
Cách viết câu topic sentence đơn giản
For example, we need to write a paragraph about the benefits of online learning. Step one, let's provide an overview sentence about online learning having many advantages.
Online education provides various advantages.
Next, we can add an object immediately after the benefit to expand the sentence - who benefits from this?
Online learning provides advantages specifically to students.
Additionally, we can provide additional descriptive information about this object. Additional descriptions may include (1) age (2) location (3) characteristics of the object.
Online learning offers some benefits to students of all ages. (độ tuổi)
Online learning offers some benefits to students in developing countries (nơi sống).
Online learning offers some benefits to students who are unable to afford an offline course. (đặc điểm)
Now it's your turn! Try writing a topic sentence for the paragraph about 'disadvantages of online learning'.
Common Structure of Topic Sentences
Typically, a topic sentence consists of two parts:
- Chủ đề của bài viết
- Ý chính
E.g.: The best way to reduce crime is through education.
In this topic sentence, you can see the topic part is 'the best way to reduce crime' and the main idea of the sentence is 'is through education.'
Below, Mytour lists common types of questions in IELTS Writing Task 2 and basic ways to construct a topic sentence.
Format of Causes and Solutions Essays
For the Causes and Solutions type, we encounter question types such as:
- Why is it happening? Are there any solutions to this problem?
- What are the reasons? What can be done to solve this problem?
In order to write a topic sentence, we can use the following structures:
Body paragraph 1:
- The main/leading cause of [topic] is [main idea].
- To begin with, [topic] is attributed to various factors.
Body paragraph 2:
- One possible solution to deal with the problem of [topic] could be [main idea]
- Fortunately, there are certain viable solutions to help deal with the problem of [topic].
E.g.: Global warming/Climate change is a pressing problem that every country and the world will have to deal with in the future. What are the causes of global warming? What are some possible solutions?
Body paragraph 1:
- The leading cause of global warming is the mass consumption of fossil fuels.
- To begin with, climate change is attributed to various factors.
Body paragraph 2:
- One possible solution to deal with the problem of global warming could be raising taxes on automobiles.
- Fortunately, there are certain viable solutions to help deal with the problem of climate change.
You can see in the first two examples of body paragraph 1 and body paragraph 2, we present both the topic and the main idea, but in the following two examples, we only state the topic, and the ideas will be listed in the sentences that follow. This means that when writing, you can flexibly use these structures to create your own topic sentence, rather than always being rigid and formulaic.
Format of Advantages and Disadvantages Essays
Kiểu đề Is this a positive or negative development?
Body paragraph 1:
- On the one hand, [the topic] can be disadvantageous/ advantageous in certain aspects.
- On the one hand, there are several reasons why [the topic] is beneficial/detrimental.
Body paragraph 2:
- On the other hand, some people consider [the topic] to be a positive/ negative development for various reasons.
- On the other hand, there are a number of disadvantages of [the topic] that people should take into consideration.
E.g.: Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people can study online. Is this a positive or negative development?
Body paragraph 1: On the one hand, online education can be advantageous in certain aspects.
From one perspective, there are numerous reasons why online education is advantageous.
Body paragraph 2:
Conversely, some individuals view distance learning as a negative trend for various reasons.
Alternatively, there are several drawbacks to remote learning that people should consider.
Kiểu đề Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Body paragraph 1:
- On the one hand, [the topic] may bring about a number of beneficial/ detrimental effects.
- On the one hand, the merits/demerits of [the topic] are immense.
Body paragraph 2:
- However, I would agree that the disadvantages/ advantages of [the topic] are greater due to numerous reasons.
- On the other hand, the aforementioned disadvantages/advantages of [the topic] are at the expense of greater benefits/drawbacks.
E.g.: In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move to regional areas outside the big cities. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
Body paragraph 1:
On the one hand, transferring certain industries and businesses to regional areas may result in numerous beneficial outcomes.
From one perspective, the benefits of relocating certain industries and businesses to regional areas are substantial.
Body paragraph 2:
Nevertheless, I concur that there are more drawbacks to relocating certain industries and businesses to remote areas for various reasons.
On the flip side, the aforementioned benefits of relocating certain industries and businesses to remote areas come with greater disadvantages.
Discuss Both Perspectives Essay Type
Body paragraph 1: On the one hand, there are certain explanations why people hold a belief that [1st opinion]
Body paragraph 2: On the other hand, I would argue that + [2nd opinion].
Please note, the viewpoint in body paragraph 2 will be the opinion that the writer agrees with.
E.g.: Some people think an ageing population can cause big problems. Others, however, think the ageing population has many advantages for business, government and for society in general. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Body paragraph 1:
From one perspective, there are specific reasons why some believe that an ageing population is detrimental to a country's development.
Body paragraph 2:
On the contrary, I would argue that the benefits brought by the elderly to a nation would be more substantial.
Importance of Topic Sentences in IELTS Writing
While exploring how to effectively write topic sentences in IELTS Writing, many individuals wonder about its benefits and significance. So, what is the importance of topic sentences in Writing? Let's find out right away!
- Giới thiệu về chủ đề: Topic sentence giới thiệu về chủ đề cho người đọc và cho biết nội dung mà bài viết mang lại nói về điều gì.
- Xác định hướng dẫn: Topic sentence xác định hướng dẫn cho những câu văn tiếp theo trong đoạn văn.
- Duy trì tính đồng nhất: Topic sentence giúp nội dung của đoạn văn liên kết một cách logic và cho phép người đọc dễ dàng tìm thấy chủ đề chính.
- Tạo sự rõ ràng: Topic sentence biểu đạt toàn bộ ý chính của đề tài và giúp người đọc hiểu rõ hơn về nội dung mà bài viết mang lại.
Common Errors to Avoid When Writing Topic Sentences
During the process of practicing topic sentences for IELTS Writing, many people may make the following common mistakes:- Câu chủ đề không nhắc lại chủ đề trọng tâm của bài viết.
- Câu chủ đề không đủ khái quát nội dung của đoạn văn.
- Câu chủ đề không trực tiếp phát triển quan điểm người viết ở câu luận điểm.
