Câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh: Lý thuyết và bài tập áp dụng

Tuy nhiên, nhiều bạn học tiếng Anh vẫn chưa hiểu rõ về loại câu này. Vì thế, trong bài viết hôm nay, chúng tôi sẽ giúp các bạn chuyển đổi câu điều kiện thành câu tường thuật If!

Định nghĩa về câu tường thuật (Reported Speech)

Câu tường thuật – Reported Speech trong tiếng Anh là một dạng câu được viết lại gián tiếp từ câu trực tiếp. Trong tiếng Anh, thông thường khi giao tiếp bạn sẽ có hai cách. Một là câu trực tiếp được dùng trong dấu ngoặc kép, hai là câu tường thuật để gián tiếp kể lại câu nói trực tiếp. 

Dạng câu tường thuật thường được sử dụng trong các cuộc đàm thoại hàng ngày hoặc trong các bài phát biểu để thuật lại hành động, lời nói của bất kỳ cá nhân nào đó. Để hiểu rõ hơn các dạng của câu tường thuật, hôm nay chúng ta cùng Mytour hãy tìm hiểu về câu tường thuật If – câu tường thuật với mệnh đề điều kiện nhé!

Câu tường thuật với mệnh đề điều kiện (Câu tường thuật If)

Câu điều kiện loại 1

Nếu trong câu nói trực tiếp có câu điều kiện loại 1 thì chuyển sang câu tường thuật, ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 2.

E.g: David said: “If I’m in a hurry, I will get there on time.”

-> David nói rằng nếu anh ấy đang vội vã, anh ấy sẽ đến đúng giờ.

(David nói rằng nếu anh ấy nhanh thì anh ấy sẽ đến đó đúng giờ.)

Câu điều kiện loại 2

Khác với câu tường thuật với câu điều kiện loại 1, để chuyển câu trực tiếp có câu điều kiện loại 2 thì ta giữ nguyên không thay đổi.

E.g: Mary said: “If I studied hard, I would pass the exam.”

-> Mary mentioned that if she applied herself to her studies, she would successfully pass the exam.

(Mary nói nếu cô ấy học chăm chỉ thì cô ấy đã vượt qua đậu bài kiểm tra.)

Câu điều kiện loại 3

Tương tự như câu điều kiện loại 2, để chuyển câu trực tiếp có câu điều kiện loại 3 thì ta giữ nguyên không thay đổi.

E.g: His mother said: “If you had loved me, you wouldn’t have left me like that.”

-> His mother remarked that had he truly loved her, he wouldn’t have departed in such a manner.

(Mẹ anh ấy nói rằng nếu anh ấy thương bà, anh ấy sẽ không bỏ bà ấy như thế.)

Câu điều kiện có chứa câu hỏi

Mệnh đề if được sử dụng ở cuối câu khi muốn chuyển câu trực tiếp chứa câu hỏi với mệnh đề if sang dạng câu tường thuật.

E.g: He asked: “If I get there on time, where will we go?”

-> He inquired where they would go if he arrived on time.

(Anh ấy hỏi họ sẽ đi đâu nếu anh ấy đến đó đúng giờ.)

Sau khi hiểu rõ hết về kiến thức cần biết về câu tường thuật If, cùng Mytour áp dụng lý thuyết vừa học vào các bài tập dưới đây nhé! Nếu bạn đang luyện thi IELTS, hãy tham khảo khoá luyện thi IELTS cấp tốc của Mytour nhé.

Bài tập về câu tường thuật If

Bài 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech

1. “If I won the lottery, I’d buy a car,” he said to me.
2. “If I travel by bus, I will be home by 4 o’clock,” she said.
3. “You should take a rest if you feel tired,” my mother said to me.
4. “What would you do if you made a mistake?” David asked me.
5. “If I had known you were sick yesterday, I would have visited you.” Hannah said.
6. He wondered: “If the baby is a boy, what will we call him?”
7. “If I don’t study hard, I won’t get a high score,” she said.
8. “If you don’t apologize, I will not talk to you forever.” My sister said.
9. “If you were stolen, what would you do?” They asked me.
10. “If I were you, I’d buy these shoes.” She said to him.

Bài 2: Make reported speeches with if- clauses

1. “The teacher will be angry if you don’t do homework,” my classmate said.

-> My classmate mentioned that _______________________________________.

1. “If he told us what was wrong, we could help him,” they said.

-> They reported that _______________________________________.

1. “I would have read this letter if I had known it was from you,” she said.

-> She stated that _______________________________________.

1. “If it is sunny, we will have a picnic,” they said.

-> They commented that _______________________________________.

1. “If it didn’t rain, I would play football outside,” the boy said.

-> The boy declared that _______________________________________.

1. “If Lily had learnt the lesson by heart, she would have known the answer,” Tommy said.

-> Tommy mentioned that _______________________________________.

1. “I wouldn’t say if I were you,” He said to me.

-> He informed me that _______________________________________.

1. “You have to work hard if you want to pass the exam,” my teacher said.

-> According to my teacher, _______________________________________.

Bài 3: Fill in the blank with the right form of verbs

1. She said that she ______(drive) to work if she had a car.
2. My teacher said to me that if I wanted to study abroad, I ______(try) hard.
3. He asked me where in Vietnam I would like to live if I ______(have) a chance.
4. They said that they ______(pay) me more if they had known its value.
5. He said that he would have woken Grin up if he ______(realize) that Grin wanted to get up early. 
6. My doctor said that if I had had breakfast, I ______(not be) hungry.
7. He asked her what ______(she/say) if someone teased her.
8. They told me that if it ______(not rain), they would go out with me.
9. The man asked the woman what ______(she/do) if she won the lottery.
10. The man told me that if I had asked him, he ______(lend) me his car.

Đáp án

Bài 1: Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech

1. He said to me that if he won the lottery, he’d buy a car.
2. She said that if she traveled by bus, she would be home by 4 o’clock.
3. My mother said to me that I should take a rest if I felt tired.
4. David asked me what I would do if I made a mistake.
5. Hannah said that if she had known I was sick that day before, she would have visited me.
6. He wondered what we would call the baby if he was a boy.
7. She said that if she didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t get a high score.
8. My sister said that if I didn’t apologize, she wouldn’t talk to me forever.
9. They asked me what I would do if I were stolen.
10. She said to him if she were him, she would buy those shoes.

Bài 2: Make reported speeches with if- clauses

1. My classmate said that the teacher would be angry if I didn’t do homework.
2. They said that if he told them what was wrong, they could help him.
3. She said that she would have read that letter if she had known it was from me.
4. They said that if it was sunny, they would have a picnic.
5. The boy said that if it didn’t rain, he would play football outside.
6. Tommy said that if Lily had learnt the lesson by heart, she would have known the answer.
7. He said to me that he wouldn’t say if he were me.
8. The teacher said that I had to work hard if I wanted to pass the exam.