Câu phủ định trong tiếng Anh: Cách sử dụng và các bài tập thực hành

Đa số các bạn đánh giá rằng điểm ngữ pháp này khá phức tạp và yêu cầu nhiều kiến thức nhớ, vì thế trong bài viết hôm nay Mytour đã tổng hợp và chia sẻ chi tiết nhất về điểm ngữ pháp câu phủ định trong tiếng Anh, mời bạn cùng khám phá!

1. Cấu trúc câu phủ định trong tiếng Anh như thế nào?

Câu đảo ngữ thực được hiểu là câu có một thành phần nào đó (động từ, trợ động từ,…) được đặt lên vị trí đầu câu và làm cho cấu trúc câu thông thường bị đảo lộn nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh hành động, tính chất của chủ ngữ.

Thông tường, câu đảo ngữ được sử dụng nhằm mục đính nhấn mạnh vào hành động hay tính chất của chủ ngữ. Câu đảo ngữ có thể xuất hiện cả trong văn nói thường ngày hoặc trong văn viết mang tính chất trang trọng.

2. Các loại câu nghịch lý phổ biến trong tiếng Anh

Để làm được các bài tập câu đảo ngữ một cách thuần thục, các bạn cần phải biết hết công thức của các loại câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh dưới đây:

2.1. Nghịch lý dùng với các từ chỉ tần suất (thường mang nghĩa phủ định)

Never/ rarely / seldom/ little/ hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V

Ví dụ:

• Sam rarely meets her mom -> Đảo ngữ: Rarely Sam meet her mom.

2.2. Đảo ngữ trong các câu điều kiện

Câu điều kiện loại 1

Should + S + V, S+ will/should/may/shall + V…..

Ví dụ:

• If you come tomorrow, I will take you church. -> Đảo ngữ: Should you come tomorrow, I will take you tu the church.

Câu điều kiện loại 2

• Trường hợp 1: mệnh đề if có sẵn động từ tobe

Were + S , S+ would/could/might + V

Ví dụ: If I were you, I would do that job. -> Đảo ngữ: Were I you , I would do that job.

• Trường hợp 2: mệnh đề if không có động từ tobe, thêm “to V” sau động từ tobe.

Were + S + to V, S+ would/could/might + V.

Ví dụ: If I had money, I could buy that car. -> Đảo ngữ: Were I to have money, I could buy that car.

Câu điều kiện loại 3

Had + S + Past participle , S+ would/ should/ might + have + past participle.

Ví dụ: If he had not eaten that dish, he would not have been sick. -> Đảo ngữ: Had he not eaten that dish, he would not have been sick.

2.3. Đảo ngữ với UNTIL

It was not…until that…: mãi cho đến khi Đảo ngữ: Not until + trợ động từ + S+V that…..

Ví dụ:

• It was not until she came to my house that I left her a letter. -> Đảo ngữ: Not until did she came to my house that I left her a letter.

2.4. Đảo ngữ với SO…THAT hoặc SUCH…THAT

Such + tính từ + N + that + S + V

So + tính từ/trạng từ + trợ động từ + N + that + S + V

Ví dụ:

• This book is so interesting that I have read it many times. -> Đảo ngữ : So interesting is this book that I have read it many times

2.5. Hình thức đảo ngữ của NO và NOT

No + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb (inf) Not any + N+ trợ động từ +S+Verb (inf)

Ví dụ:

• No books shall I lend you anymore. -> Đảo ngữ: Not any money shall I borrow from you.

2.6. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ chứa NO

Cụm từ phủ định + trợ động từ + S + V

1. On no account = For no reasons: không vì bất cứ lý do gì
2. On no condition: tuyệt đối không
3. In no way: không còn cách nào
4. At no time: chưa từng bao giờ
5. Under/ In no circumstances: trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
6. No where: không một nơi nào
7. No longer: không còn nữa

Ví dụ:

• Under no case should you leave this school.

2.7. Đảo ngữ với NOT ONLY…..BUT….ALSO

Not only + Trợ động từ + S + Vị ngữ, but + S + also + Vị ngữ

Ví dụ:

• Not only is he good at math, but he also good at English.

2.8. Đảo ngữ với ONLY

Only after + N/V-ing/(S +V) + trợ động từ + S + V

(Sau khi… chỉ)

Ví dụ:

• Only after dinner can we go to the supermarket.

Only by + N/V-ing + trợ động từ + S + V

(Bằng cách… chỉ)

Ví dụ:

• Only by studying harder can we pass the final exam.

Only if + (S+V) + trợ động từ + S + V(Chỉ khi, nếu,…)

Ví dụ:

• Only if it doesn’t rain can we go out.

Only in this/ that way + trợ động từ + S + V

(Bằng cách này/ cách kia chỉ)

Ví dụ:

• Only in this way did she come back home.

Only then + trợ động từ + S + V

(Cho đến khi… chỉ)

Ví dụ:

• Only then could me call she.

Only when + (S +V) + trợ động từ + S + V

Ví dụ:

• Only when I came did she recognize me.

2.9. Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO SOONER…. THAN

No sooner + trợ động từ + S + V + than + S + V

(Sau khi/Không lâu sau khi … thì)

Ví dụ:

• No sooner did she arrive home than her family started talking.

3. Bài tập về câu nghịch lý trong tiếng Anh

Bài 1: Chuyển đổi các câu sau sang dạng nghịch lý

1. He is such a gentle person that he never scolds anyone.

=> Such …………………………………………………………

2. He had hardly bought a new bike when he had an accident.

(1) => Hardly …………………………………………………………

(2) => No sooner …………………………………………………………

3. The man not merely beat the child but also took all her money.

=> Not merely…………………………………………………………

4. If he goes to school, he will earn money.

=> Should he go to school, he will have money.

5. The man not just beat the child but also took all her money.

=> Not merely…………………………………………………………

6. Mr. Bean seldom displayed his intelligence.

=> Seldom…………………………………………………………

7. Had you followed the advice, you would have succeeded.

=> Had you followed the advice…………………………………………………………

8. Not until she was 18 did she go abroad.

=> Not until …………………………………………………………

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using RARELY, SELDOM, or LITTLE in an inverted form

1. Rarely does one find good service these days.

=> Rarely………………………………………………………

2. Rarely has she travelled more than fifty miles from her village.

=> Rarely………………………………………………………

3. Seldom has public borrowing been so high.

=> Seldom…………………………………………………………

4. Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.

=> Seldom…………………………………………………

5. Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.

=> Little……………………………………………………

Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentence using the given word

1. He exhausted all his money, borrowing some even from me.

Not only did the police not suspect that the judge was the murderer, but also the public was shocked.

2. Rarely did the police suspect that the judge was the murderer.

Little did we know that the police would call just after we had arrived home.

3. Scarcely had we arrived home when the police called.

4. Only after she had left did he realize his mistake.

4. The situation was such that I couldn't sleep.

So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.

5. The bus crashed into a tree, not to mention running over a cat.

Not only did the bus crash into a tree, but it also ran over a cat.

Answer key:

Exercise 1:

1. He is such a gentle person that he never scolds anyone.

=> He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone.

2. Scarcely had he bought a new bike when he had an accident.

=> Hardly had he bought a new bike when he had an accident.

=> No sooner had he bought a new bike than he had an accident.

3. Not only did the man beat the child, but he also took all her money.

=>Not only did the man hit the child, but he also took all her money.

4. If he attends school, he will earn money.

=>Should he attend school, he will earn money.

5. Mr. Bean seldom displayed his intelligence.

=>Seldom did Mr. Bean display his intelligence.

6. Had you followed the advice, you would have achieved success.

=>If you had followed the advice, you would have achieved success.

7. If he had money, he would go traveling.

=>If he were to have money, he would travel.

8. Not until she turned 18 did she travel abroad.

=>Not until she turned 18 did she travel abroad.

Exercise 2:

1. Good service is rarely found these days.

=>Rarely does one encounter good service these days.

2. She has seldom journeyed more than fifty miles from her village.

=>Seldom has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village.

3. Rarely has public borrowing been so high.

=>Public borrowing has seldom been so high.

4. They had rarely taken part in such a captivating ceremony.

=>Rarely had they participated in such a captivating ceremony.

5. They had little idea that the musical would become a massive success.

=>Little did they suspect that the musical would become a massive success.

Exercise 3:

1. He exhausted all his money and even borrowed some from me.

=>Not only did he spend all his money, but he also borrowed some from me.

2. The police hardly suspected that the judge was the murderer.

=>Little did the police suspect that the judge was the murderer.

3. Scarcely had we arrived home when the police called.

=>We had just arrived home when the police called.

4. The situation was so unusual that I couldn't sleep.

=>Such was the unusual situation that I couldn't sleep.

5. The bus crashed into a tree and also ran over a cat.