Cấu trúc câu bị động không ngôi (It is stated that) và các bài tập chi tiết

1. Câu bị động không ngôi là gì?

Câu bị động không ngôi (impersonal passive) trong tiếng Anh là một cấu trúc câu bị động mà người thực hiện hành động không được xác định, hoặc hành động được coi là quan trọng hơn người thực hiện. 

Để diễn đạt câu bị động không ngôi, thường sử dụng cấu trúc it + passive verb hoặc các động từ chỉ sự kiện hoặc tồn tại.

Ví dụ:

• It is said that the new restaurant will be opened next week. (Người ta nói rằng nhà hàng mới sẽ được mở vào tuần sau.)
• It is believed that a solution to the problem can be found soon. (Người ta tin rằng một giải pháp cho vấn đề có thể sớm được tìm thấy.) 
• It is known that the ancient city was destroyed by a volcanic eruption. (Mọi người biết rằng thành phố cổ đã bị hủy diệt bởi một vụ phun trào núi lửa.)

2. Cấu trúc câu bị động không ngôi

Câu bị động không ngôi có thể được viết theo 2 cách sau đây:

• S1 + say (said) + that + S2 + V2 + … → It + to be said that + S2 + V2 + O2
• People (They, someone) + say (said) + that + S2 + V2 + O2 → S + to be said that + to-V/to have V3 + O2

Ví dụ:

• People say that this book has a surprising ending. –> It is said that a surprising ending is found in this book.
• They said that a new shopping mall will be constructed in the city center. –> It is said that a new shopping mall will be constructed in the city center.
• Someone said that the event had to be postponed due to bad weather. –> It is said that the event had to be postponed due to bad weather.
• People say that this company has developed a revolutionary product. –> It is said that a revolutionary product has been developed by this company.
• They said that a famous artist would paint a mural on the building’s façade. –> It is said that a mural on the building’s façade would be painted by a famous artist.
• Someone said that the missing keys have been found in the lost and found office. –> It is said that the missing keys have been found in the lost and found office.

3. Thay đổi cấu trúc câu bị động không ngôi

Khi muốn chuyển từ câu chủ động không nhân vật sang câu bị động không nhân vật, bạn có thể áp dụng cấu trúc sau đây:

→ S1 + TOBE + SAID + to V_inf ( Trường hợp V1 cùng thì với TOBE)

→ S1 + TOBE + SAID + to have V3/ED… ( Trường hợp V1 khác với TOBE)

Ví dụ:

• It is said that Mary visits her grandmother every weekend. –> Mary is said to visit her grandmother every weekend.
• It is said that the company released a new smartphone model last month. –> The company is said to have released a new smartphone model last month.
• It is said that he wrote a bestselling novel last year. –> He is said to have written a bestselling novel last year.

4. Sử dụng cấu trúc câu bị động không ngôi

Câu bị động không ngôi (sử dụng cấu trúc It is said that) thường được sử dụng như một câu tường thuật để trình bày lại quan điểm của người khác hoặc để thông báo về sự kiện, hiện tượng hoặc vật thể nào đó.

Dấu hiệu nhận biết câu bị động không ngôi: Bao gồm các từ như believe, expect, report, understand, claim, say, think, know, hope,…. 

Ví dụ:

• It is said that the new movie is really entertaining.
• It is reported that a major storm will hit the coastal area.
• It is believed by experts that the cure for the disease might be found soon.

5. Các cấu trúc đồng nghĩa với câu bị động không ngôi

Ngoài các câu bị động không ngôi, bạn có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc sau để thay thế: 

Ví dụ:

They assumed that you were the man responsible for the accident.

• C1 – It was supposed that you were the man who caused the accident.
• C2 – You were supposed to be the man who caused the accident.
• C3 – You were supposed to have caused the accident.

She admitted that she fell in love with him instantly.

• C1 – It was acknowledged that she fell in love with him at first sight.
• C2 – She was acknowledged to fall in love with him at first sight.
• C3 – She was acknowledged to have fallen in love with him at first sight.

People anticipate that the company will introduce a new product next month.

• C1 – It is believed that a new product will be launched by the company next month.
• C2 – A new product is believed to be launched by the company next month.

6. Các lưu ý khi sử dụng cấu trúc câu It is said that

Mệnh đề kế tiếp cấu trúc It is said that sẽ được chia thì tùy thuộc vào bối cảnh.

Ví dụ:

• People believe that Sarah will perform in the concert tonight. → It is believed that Sarah will perform in the concert tonight. (Mọi người tin rằng Sarah sẽ biểu diễn trong buổi hòa nhạc tối nay.) – Mệnh đề sau ở thì tương lai đơn.
• They thought that Mark had already finished his assignment. → It was thought that Mark had already finished his assignment. (Họ nghĩ rằng Mark đã hoàn thành bài tập của mình.) – Mệnh đề sau ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
• Everyone knows that the company is launching a new product next month. → It is known that a new product will be launched by the company next month. (Mọi người biết rằng công ty sẽ tung ra sản phẩm mới vào tháng sau.) – Mệnh đề sau ở thì tương lai đơn.

Khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, động từ “say” được chia theo thì của động từ đó trong cấu trúc It is said that. Ví dụ:

• People believe that the new movie will be a big hit. → It is believed that the new movie will be a big hit. (Mọi người tin rằng bộ phim mới sẽ là một thành công lớn.) – Từ “believe” chia ở hiện tại đơn nên “tobe” của cấu trúc “It is believed that” cũng được chia ở hiện tại đơn.
• They said that the event was canceled due to bad weather. → It was said that the event was canceled due to bad weather. (Họ nói rằng sự kiện đã bị hủy bỏ do thời tiết xấu.) – Từ “said” chia ở thì quá khứ đơn nên “tobe” của cấu trúc “It was said that” cũng được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn.
• People think that the company is introducing a new product line. → It is thought that a new product line is being introduced by the company. (Mọi người nghĩ rằng công ty đang giới thiệu một dòng sản phẩm mới.) – Từ “think” chia ở hiện tại đơn nên “tobe” của cấu trúc “It is thought that” cũng được chia ở hiện tại đơn.

7. Bài tập sử dụng cấu trúc câu bị động không ngôi

Bài tập 1: Đổi lại các câu sau đây sang cấu trúc bị động không ngôi

1. They believe that he will finish the project on time.
2. People say that the chef prepares the best dishes in town.
3. Experts expect that the economy will grow by 5% this year.
4. They reported that the company had launched a new product.
5. People believe that she has won several awards for her research.
6. Researchers claim that the new treatment can cure the disease.
7. They know that the construction company built the bridge last year.
8. Witnesses reported that the accident happened at the intersection.
9. People think that he wrote this amazing book.
10. They believe that the committee has selected the winners.

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu bị động theo yêu cầu

1. It is said that his family has a lot of money in their house.

• ➔ It is said that _________________________________.
• ➔ His family is said ______________________________.

2. It is said that the train leaves at 12 a.m.

• ➔ It is said that _____________________.
• ➔ The train is said ___________________.

3. It is said that the exam was passed by Wind last week.

• ➔ It is said that __________________________.
• ➔ Wind is said __________________________.

4. It is said that Korea’s food has been eaten by us for 2 months.

• ➔ It is said that _________________________________.
• ➔ We are said __________________________________.

5. People say that Jun is an attractive young man.

• ➔ It is said that __________________.
• ➔ Jun is said ____________________.

Đáp án bài tập 1

1. It is believed that the project will be finished on time by him.
2. It is said that the best dishes in town are prepared by the chef.
3. It is expected that the economy will grow by 5% this year.
4. It was reported that a new product had been launched by the company.
5. It is believed that several awards have been won by her for her research.
6. It is claimed that the disease can be cured by the new treatment.
7. It is known that the bridge was built by the construction company last year.
8. It was reported that the accident happened at the intersection.
9. It is thought that this amazing book was written by him.
10. It is believed that the winners have been selected by the committee.

Đáp án bài tập 2

1.

• ➔ It is said that his family has a lot of money in his house.
• ➔ His family is said to have a lot of money in his house. (cùng thì)

2.

• ➔ It is said that the train leaves at 12 a.m.
• ➔ The train is said to leave at 12 a.m. (cùng thì)

3.

• ➔ It is said that Wind passed the exam last week.
• ➔ Wind is said to have passed the exam last week. (khác thì)

4.

• ➔ It is said that we have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months.
• ➔ We are said to have eaten Korea’s food for 2 months. (khác thì nhưng chỉ dùng 1 lần have)

• ➔ It is said that Jun is a handsome boy.
• ➔ Jun is said to be a handsome boy. (cùng thì)