Compilation of Exercises on the Past Perfect Tense [WITH ANSWERS]

Trong bài viết này, tác giả sẽ tóm tắt công thức, cách dùng và dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành, cũng như cung cấp các bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành cơ bản và nâng cao có đáp án.

Summary of the Past Perfect Tense

Formulas for the Past Perfect Tense

• Câu khẳng định: S + had + V3/ed

• Câu phủ định: S + had not/hadn’t + V3/ed

• Câu hỏi Yes/No: Had + S + V3/ed?

• Câu hỏi WH-: WH- + had + S + V3/ed?

Usage of the Past Perfect Tense

• Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động/sự việc khác trong quá khứ

• Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ

• Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

• Sử dụng trong câu ước Wish để nói về một hành động đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ

• Sử dụng trong câu tường thuật gián tiếp

Indicators of Recognizing the Past Perfect Tense

Dựa vào những dấu hiệu sau đây, người học có thể nhận biết được một số trường hợp cần dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

In Sentences with Conjunctions like before, after

Đây là dấu hiệu cho thấy các hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ có thứ tự trước sau, và vì vậy thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động diễn ra trước một hành động/sự kiện trong quá khứ.

• Before (trước khi): Nếu mệnh đề đứng sau before được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn thì mệnh đề đứng trước chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Ví dụ: He had finished his snacks before the film started. (Anh ấy đã ăn hết đồ ăn vặt trước khi bộ phim bắt đầu.)

• After (Sau khi): Nếu mệnh đề đứng trước after được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn thì mệnh đề đứng sau chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Ví dụ: She cleaned up the place herself after the guests had finished their meals. (Cô ấy tự mình dọn dẹp sau khi những vị khách đã dùng xong bữa.)

In Sentences with Time Adverbs like when, by the time

Đây là dấu hiệu thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng đễ diễn tả một hành động diễn ra trước một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

• When he arrived, people had already left. (Khi anh ấy đến, mọi người đã rời đi rồi.)

• By the time she got there, the tickets had already been sold out. (Khi cô ấy đến, vé đã được bán hết rồi.)

Exercises on the Past Perfect Tense

Basic Exercises

Exercise 1: Complete the Sentences

1. By the time Sarah arrived, the train __________. (leave)

2. They were tired because they __________ all day. (walk)

3. After I had finished my homework, I __________ a movie. (watch)

4. The students couldn't answer the question because they __________ the topic. (not study)

5. When I got to the party, many people __________ already __________. (arrive, leave)

6. Before they came to visit us, we __________ the house. (clean)

7. She couldn't find her keys because she __________ them. (lose)

8. By the time we reached the theater, the movie __________. (start)

9. The children were exhausted as they __________ all day at the beach. (play)

10. When the guests arrived, we __________ dinner. (already serve)

Exercise 2: Choose the Appropriate Words

1. She (visited/had visited) the museum after she read the book.

2. Before the party, they (cleaned/had cleaned) the house.

3. The chef (prepared/had prepared) dessert before the guests arrived.

4. By the time the concert ended, many people (left/had left) already.

5. We (walked/had walked) to the top of the hill and enjoyed the view.

6. After they (played/had played) outside, they went to bed.

7. By the time I got to the shop, they (sold/had sold) out of the shoes I wanted.

8. When the teacher returned, the students (left/had left) the classroom.

9. Before the guests arrived, she (decorated/had decorated) the house.

10. The team was happy because they (won/had won) the match.

Exercise 3: Arrange the Sentences

1. party/ had/ they/ left/ arrived/ the/ by/ time/ already/ we/ the

2. finished/ the/ movie/ had/ before/ started/ they

3. the/ concert/ by/ had/ already/ that/ time/ started/ they

4. the/ had/ she/ already/ left/ when/ arrived/ airport/ I

5. the/ cleaned/ had/ the/ they/ before/ house/ guests/ arrived

6. I/ realized/ had/ the/ stolen/ bike/ my/ been

7. had/ gone/ they/ shopping/ already/ we/ when

8. the/ had/ before/ doctor/ arrived/ already/ patient/ the/ seen

9. game/ had/ started/ already/ the/ we/ when/ arrived

10. opened/ she/ had/ book/ the/ before/ already

Advanced Exercises

Exercise 1: Complete the Sentences

1. If only she __________ (finish) her assignment before the power outage disrupted her computer.

2. Tom regretted not investing in the stock market after he heard that the company's shares __________ (soar) in value.

3. Jennifer couldn't believe that her favorite restaurant __________ (close) down after serving customers for over two decades.

4. Sam felt relieved when he found out that the police __________ (apprehend) the burglars who had broken into his house.

5. She wished she __________ (know) about the party as she would have loved to attend it.

6. The detective wondered if the suspect __________ (act) alone or had accomplices.

7. "If only I __________ (study) harder for the exam, I might have passed with flying colors," Sarah said with a sigh.

8. The hikers were exhausted because they __________ (hike) for several hours before they reached the mountain peak.

9. "I wish I __________ (book) the tickets earlier; now there are no seats available," John complained.

10. By the time the firefighters arrived, the building __________ (burn) for hours.

Exercise 2: Complete the Paragraph

Once upon a time, in a quaint little town nestled between the mountains, there (1. be)________ a legendary treasure that many had sought but never found. The tale (2. go)__________ that a wise sorcerer (3. hide)___________ the treasure after he 4 (protect) it from falling into the wrong hands. For centuries, people (5. search)___________ for the treasure, and rumors (6. circulate)__________ about its location. One day, a daring adventurer named Amelia (7. arrive)__________ in the town. She (8. hear)_________ the story of the hidden treasure and 9 (become) fascinated by it. Amelia was determined to find it, even if she (10. have)__________ to face numerous challenges.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the Sentences

1. Sarah wanted to meet the professor, but he had already left the campus. 

=> Sarah wished…………………………………………………………………………

1. The police couldn't catch the thief because he had escaped through the back door. 

=> If the thief………………………………………………………………………….

1. If Tom had known about the party, he would have attended. 

=> Tom regrets……………………………………………………………………..

1. She didn't realize how important the conference was until she had missed it. 

=> Only after……………………………………………………………………….

1. "I wish I had taken her advice seriously," he said.

=> He wished…………………………………………………………………………

1. If they had asked for directions, they wouldn't have gotten lost. 

=> Getting lost………………………………………………………………………

1. Jane didn't buy the dress because she had seen it on sale before. 

=> If Jane……………………………………………………………………………

1. He promised he would call her after he had finished his work. 

=> Only when………………………………………………………………………

1. "I wish I had attended the seminar," said Susan. 

=> Susan expressed……………………………………………………………….

1. If Mark had studied more, he would have passed the exam. 

=> Mark regrets………………………………………………………………….

1. She didn't understand the topic until the teacher had explained it again. 

=> Only after……………………………………………………………………..

1. If he had known about the party, he would have brought a gift. 

=> He regrets……………………………………………………………………

Answers

Answers to Basic Exercises

Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu

1. had left

2. had walked

3. watched

4. had not studied

5. had already arrived, had left

6. had cleaned

7. had lost

8. had started

9. had played

10. had already served

Bài 2:

1. had visited

2. had cleaned

3. had prepared

4. had left

5. had walked

6. had played

7. had sold

8. had left

9. had decorated

10. had won

Bài 3:

1. By the time we arrived, they had already left the party.

2. They had finished the movie before it started.

3. They had already started the concert by that time.

4. She had already left when I arrived at the airport.

5. They had cleaned the house before the guests arrived.

6. I realized my bike had been stolen.

7. They had already gone shopping when we arrived.

8. The doctor had already seen the patient before we arrived.

9. The game had already started when we arrived.

10. She had already opened the book before.

Answers to Advanced Exercises

Bài 1:

1. had finished

2. had soared

3. had closed

4. had apprehended

5. had known

6. had acted

7. had studied

8. had hiked

9. had booked

10. had been burning

Bài 2:

1. had been

2. went

3. had concealed

4. had safeguarded

5. had been searching

6. had been spreading

7. had arrived

8. had heard

9. became

10. had to

Exercise 3:

1. Sarah wished she had met the professor, but he had already departed the campus.

2. If the thief hadn't fled through the rear exit, the authorities could have apprehended him.

3. Tom regrets not being informed about the gathering; otherwise, he would have participated.

4. Only after she had missed the convention did she realize its importance.

5. He wished he had taken her advice seriously.

6. Getting lost could have been prevented if they had requested directions.

7. If Jane hadn't spotted the dress on sale earlier, she would have purchased it.

8. Only after he had completed his tasks did he promise to contact her.

9. Susan expressed regret, wishing she had attended the seminar.

10. Mark regrets not studying more; otherwise, he would have passed the examination.

11. Only after the instructor had explained the topic again did she comprehend it.

12. He regrets not being informed about the gathering; otherwise, he would have brought a gift.

Conclusion