Tổng quan về 12 thì trong tiếng Anh
Như chúng ta đã biết, ngữ pháp tiếng Anh chia thành 12 thì cơ bản với 3 mốc thời gian là Quá khứ – Past, Hiện tại – Present và Tương lai – Future.
Quá khứ – Past
- Simple Past Tense – thì quá khứ đơn
Cấu trúc: V-ed / động từ bất quy tắc:
E.g.: You played the game.
He perused the newspaper.
- Past Continuous Tense – thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc: Was/were + V-ing
E.g.: I was reading a newspaper.
He was journeying to the supermarket.
- Past Perfect Tense – thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Cấu trúc: Had + V3
E.g.: I had finished my homework.
He had finished his task.
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense – thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc: Had + been + V3
E.g.: I had been finishing my homework for 50 minutes.
He had been engaging in the game since morning.
Hiện tại – Present
- Simple Present Tense – thì hiện tại đơn
Cấu trúc: Base verb (+ es/es ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít)
E.g.: I walk to school every day.
He learns at school.
- Present Continuous Tense – thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc: is/am/are + V-ing:
E.g.: I am playing the game.
He is studying at college.
- Present Perfect Tense – thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Cấu trúc: Has/have + V3
E.g.: I have finished my homework.
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense – thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc: Has/have + been + V3
E.g.: I have been finishing my homework for the last two hours.
He has been studying at the school since he was a child.
Tương lai – Future
- Simple Future Tense – thì tương lai đơn
Cấu trúc: Will/shall + verb
E.g.: I shall go to my hometown.
He will finish his task.
- Future Continuous Tense – thì tương lai tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc: Will be + present continuous
Am/is/are + going to be + V-ing
E.g.: I will be watching the news at 9 pm.
- Future Perfect Tense – thì tương lai hoàn thành
Cấu trúc: Will have + V3
E.g.: I will have played the game.
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense – thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc: Will have been + V-ing
E.g.: I will have been watching the news for over ten minutes before you join me.
Một số ví dụ về các thì trong tiếng Anh
Thì | Khẳng định | Phủ định | Nghi vấn |
Present simple | I have a dog. | I don’t have a dog. | Do you have a dog? |
Present continuous | You are playing football now. | You are not playing football now. | Are you playing football now? |
Present perfect | They have been there. | They haven’t been there. | Have they been there? |
Present perfect cont. | I have been living here. | I haven’t been living here. | Have they been living here? |
Past simple | I lived in Paris. | I didn’t live in Paris. | Did you live in Paris? |
Past continuous | I was playing. | I wasn’t playing. | Was she playing? |
Past perfect | He had worked. | He had not worked. | Had he worked? |
Past perfect cont. | I had been watching. | I had not been watching. | Had I been watching? |
Future simple | I will come. | I will not come. | Will you come? |
Future continuous | I will be playing basketball. | I won’t be playing basketball. | Will you be playing basketball? |
Future perfect | He will have finished. | He will not have finished. | Will he have finished? |
Future perfect cont. | We will have been starting. | We will not have been starting. |