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1. Mệnh đề nhượng bộ là gì? - CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
Mệnh đề nhượng bộ (Clauses of concession) là một phần của câu phức, được dùng để diễn tả sự tương phản với mệnh đề chính trong câu.
Nếu trong câu đã có trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thì không được sử dụng từ “but”.
Ví dụ. Although she worked very hard, she couldn't get a promotion. (Mặc dù cô ấy làm việc rất vất vả nhưng cô ấy vẫn không thể thăng chức.)
2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng bộ với Although, Even though, Though
Liên từ Although, Even though và Though thường được sử dụng trong các mệnh đề nhượng bộ.
Cấu trúc:
- Although / Even though / Though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.
Hoặc
- S2 + V2 + although / even though / though + S1 + V1.
Có thể đổi chỗ giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề nhượng bộ.
Ví dụ.
- Although it was raining, he walked to the park.
= Anh ta đã đi đến công viên mặc dù trời đang mưa. (He walked to the park although it was raining.)
- He came to class on time even though the weather was terrible.
= Dù thời tiết khá tồi tệ, anh ấy vẫn đến lớp đúng giờ. (Even though the weather was terrible, he came to class on time.)
- Though it’s raining, I have to go to the library as usual.
= Mặc dù đang mưa, tôi vẫn phải đến thư viện như mọi khi. (I have to go to the library as usual though it’s raining.)
3. Một số cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề nhượng bộ
Ngoài Although / Even though / Though, còn có những cấu trúc khác cho mệnh đề nhượng bộ.
- Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với WH-over
Cấu trúc: WH-over + S1 + (may) + V1, S2+ V2.
Ví dụ. Whoever she may be, we don’t believe what she says. (Dù cô ấy là ai, chúng tôi không tin những gì cô ta nói.)
- Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với No matter
Cấu trúc: No matter + WH-word + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.
Ví dụ. No matter what Jane says, no one believes her. (Dù Jane nói gì, không ai tin cô ấy.)
Các cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề nhượng bộ
- Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với It doesn’t matter
Cấu trúc: It doesn’t matter + WH-word + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.
Ví dụ. It doesn’t matter what she says,she's always your sister. (Dù cô ấy nói gì, anh ấy vẫn là chị gái của anh.)
- Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với However
Cấu trúc: However + adj / adv + S1 + (may) + V1, S2 + V2.
Ví dụ. However sad Anne was, she came to the party. (Mặc dù không vui, Anne vẫn đến tham dự bữa tiệc.)
Những cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề nhượng bộ
- Mệnh đề nhượng bộ với Though / As
Cấu trúc 1: Adjective / Adverb + though / as + S1 + (may) + V1, S2 + V2.
Ví dụ. Hard as he studied, he couldn’t pass the exam. (Dù học chăm chỉ, anh ấy vẫn không thi qua kì thi được.)
Cấu trúc 2: Verb + O /A + as / though + S1 + may, S2 + V2
Ví dụ. Work hard as he may, he can’t support his family. (Dù làm việc cần cù, anh ấy không nuôi sống nổi gia đình.)
Các cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề nhượng bộ
4. Nhóm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ
Ngoài mệnh đề nhượng bộ, chúng ta cũng có thể rút gọn thành nhóm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bằng các giới từ: despite, in spite of, regardless of.
Cấu trúc. Despite / In spite of / Regardless of + Noun / V-ing (+ N/ Adv), S + V.
Ví dụ.
- Despite the very difficult test, he was able to do it well. (Mặc dù bài thi rất khó, anh ấy luôn có khả năng hoàn thành nó tốt.)
- He refused to buy a new car despite having enough money. (Anh ấy từ chối mua chiếc xe ô tô mới mặc dù có đủ tiền mua nó.)
- In spite of studying hard, he couldn’t get good marks in this exam. (Mặc dù chăm học, anh ấy vẫn không thể đạt được kết quả tốt trong kì thi này.)
- He walked to the station despite being tired. (Anh ta đi bộ tới ga tàu mặc dù đang mệt.)
Lưu ý: Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng “in spite of the fact (that)” hoặc “despite the fact (that)”.
Ví dụ: Cô ấy đỗ kỳ thi mặc dù không học chăm. (She passed the exam despite not studying hard.)
Nhóm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ
5. Bài tập thực hành về mệnh đề nhượng bộ
5.1. Bài tập
Bài 1: Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây, sử dụng Although, Despite, In spite of. Có thể sử dụng 2 đáp án trong 1 câu.
1. Despite the story of the film being good, I didn’t like the actor.
2. I went to see the film despite feeling tired.
3. I really enjoyed Harry Potter despite most of my friends saying it wasn’t a very good film.
4. Despite careful preparation, they had lots of difficulties in making the film.
5. Although the film was gripping, Jack slept from beginning to end.
6. Despite having a good look, no one likes her.
7. Jane seldom sees Jim despite the fact that they go to the same company.
8. Despite her illness, Jane went to school yesterday.
9. Despite it being chilly outside, we went for a picnic.
10. Despite working hard, Peter failed the examination.
11. Despite the difficulties, Susan tried to solve the problem.
12. My grandmother was very strong despite her old age.
13. The children slept deeply despite the noisy talk.
14. Despite the good salary, Marian refused the job offer.
15. Despite earning a good salary, Emma never wastes her money.
16. I feel the film is boring although many people like it.
17. Despite the bad weather, we went for a picnic.
18. Despite the traffic jam, we weren’t late for the meeting.
19. Despite being rich, he is always sad.
20. I couldn’t sleep even though I was tired.
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. We adore autumn for the cool.
A. in spite of
B. although
C. however
2. She went to bed early although she didn’t finish her homework.
A. despite
B. although
C. however
3. Despite the fact that he is 25 years old, he is so childish.
A. In spite
B. Despite
C. However
4. I usually go to school by bus. Nevertheless, I don’t like it.
A. Despite
C. Although
D. However
5. Despite owning two cars, John rarely drives to work.
A. Despite
B. Although
C. However
6. The athlete completed the race despite his pain.
A. despite
B. although
C. nevertheless
7. Emma looks pretty. However, she seems to lack personality.
A. despite
B. although
C. nevertheless
8. Although we have a slim chance to win, we won’t lose hope.
A. Despite
B. Although
C. However
9. Despite his bad luck, she won the medal.
A. Despite
B. Although
C. However
10. Jack is friendly despite the fact that he’s very famous.
A. despite
B. although
C. however
11. I could not eat although I was really hungry.
A. even though
B. in spite
C. despite
12. In spite of the rain, the baseball game was not canceled.
A. the rain
B. of the rain
C. it was raining
13. Despite having enough money, he refused to buy a house.
A. In spite of
B. Despite
C. Although
14. Despite this, he walked to the station.
A. Despite feeling tired
B. Although tired
C. In spite of being tired
15. The children slept well, despite the noise.
A. the noise
B. despite the noise
C. despite the noise being loud
16. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even though
B. in spite of
C. although
17. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. Despite
B. in spite of
C. despite
18. _____ they are brothers, they do not look alike.
A. Despite
B. In spite of
C. Although
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Mr. Alexx was late for the meeting despite taking a taxi.
A. Despite taking a taxi, Mr. Alex was late for the meeting.
B. Although Mr. Alex took a taxi, he was late for the meeting.
C. Despite taking a taxi, Mr. Alex arrived late for the meeting.
D. Even though Mr. Alex took a taxi, he was late for the meeting.
2. Despite the terrible traffic, we arrived at the meeting on time.
A. Despite the terrible traffic, we arrived at the meeting on time.
B. In spite of the terrible traffic, we arrived at the meeting on time.
C. Even though the traffic was terrible, we arrived at the meeting on time.
D. Although the traffic was terrible, we still arrived at the meeting on time.
3. Despite taking a taxi, Nam still arrived late for the concert.
A. Nam arrived late for the concert regardless of whether he took a taxi or not.
B. Nam arrived late for the concert because he took a taxi.
C. Despite taking a taxi, Nam arrived late for the concert.
D. Nam took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t arrive on time.
4. Despite being rich, she can’t afford to buy a new car.
A. She lacks sufficient funds to purchase a new car she desires.
B. Despite her wealth, she cannot afford to buy a new car.
C. The cost of a new car exceeds her budget.
D. She wishes to buy a new car, but it is too expensive.
5. Despite feeling tired, Anna stayed up late talking to Tom.
A. Anna remained awake late conversing with Tom despite feeling tired.
B. Despite feeling tired, Anna stayed awake late talking to Tom.
C. Anna didn't feel tired despite staying up late talking to Tom.
D. Anna stayed up late talking to Tom, resulting in her tiredness.
Bài 4: Viết lại câu với từ gợi ý cho trước
1. I couldn't sleep because I was very tired.
(despite) Despite their limited finances, they are happy.
2. They have very little money, yet they are happy.
(in spite of) In spite of the fact that my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village.
3. Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village.
(although) Although they have very little money, they are happy.
4. I enjoyed the film despite its silly story.
(in spite of) Despite the film's silly story, I enjoyed it.
5. Despite living on the same street, we hardly ever see each other.
(despite) Despite being out for only five minutes, I got very wet in the rain.
6. Although I was only out for five minutes, I got very wet in the rain.
(even though) Despite the challenges, she managed to succeed.
Bài tập thực hành về mệnh đề nhượng bộ
5.2. Đáp án
Bài 1:
1. Although
2. Despite/In spite of
3. Even though
4. Despite/In spite of
5. Although
6. Though
7. Even though
8. Despite/In spite of
9. Despite/In spite of
10. Although
11. Although
12. Despite / In spite of
13. Despite / In spite of
14. Even though
15. Although
16. Although
17. Despite / In spite of
18. Despite / In spite of
19. Although
20. Despite feeling tired, Anna stayed up late talking to Tom.
Bài 2:
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. A
16. A
17. A
18. B
Bài 3:
1. A. Mr. Alex arrived late for the meeting despite taking a taxi.
(Despite the fact that Mr. Alex took a taxi, he arrived late for the meeting.)
2. C. Despite the terrible traffic, we managed to arrive at the meeting on time.
(Despite the very bad traffic, we still arrived at the meeting on time.)
3. A. Despite taking a taxi, Nam arrived late for the concert.
(Despite taking a taxi, Nam still arrived late for the concert.)
4. C. Despite being rich, she cannot afford to buy the car.
(Despite being rich, she still cannot afford to buy a new car.)
5. B. Despite feeling fatigued, Anne stayed up late chatting with Tom.
(Despite feeling exhausted, Anne still stayed up late to talk to Tom.)
Bài 4:
1. Despite extreme tiredness, I couldn't sleep.
2. Despite having limited money, they find happiness.
3. Despite injuring my foot, I managed to walk to the nearest village.
4. Despite the poor storyline, I enjoyed the movie.
5. Despite living on the same street, we rarely encounter each other.
6. Although I was only outside for three minutes, I got completely soaked in the rain.
We have now covered all the theoretical knowledge about concessive clauses in English together. This is an important structure commonly encountered in life and exams, so study carefully and complete the exercises thoroughly. You can also assess your English proficiency for free here. Good luck with your studies!
