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C++ is a widely used programming language with static data types and support for most programming paradigms. String handling in C++ is considerably more complex than in Pascal. To explore the intricacies of strings in C++, refer to the following article by Mytour.
Overview of Strings in C++
C++ comprises two representations for strings as follows:
- C-Style Character Strings.
- The String class introduced in the C++ standard.
For a detailed exploration of each string representation in C++, readers can further refer to the article below by Tamienphi.vn.
C-Style Character Strings
C-Style Character Strings have their origins in the C language and continue to be supported in C++. Essentially, these strings are one-dimensional arrays of characters terminated by the null character '\0'. Thus, a null-terminated string contains characters followed by a null.
The example declaration and initialization below create a string consisting of the word 'Hello'. To maintain the null character at the end of the character array, the size of the character array holding the string must be greater than the number of characters in the word 'Hello':
char greeting[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};
If executed correctly according to the initialization rule, you can rewrite the above statement as follows:
char greeting[] = 'Hello';
Below is the memory representation for the above string in C/C++:
In reality, you do not place the null character at the last position of a string constant. The C compiler automatically adds '\0' to the last position of the string when initializing it.
Example: The following example prints a string:
When the above code is compiled and executed, it will yield the following result:
Greeting message: Hello
C++ provides a variety of functions to manipulate null-terminated strings, as listed below:
The example below illustrates the usage of some of the functions mentioned above:
When the above code is compiled and executed, it will return the result as follows:
String Class in C++
The standard C++ library provides the String class that supports all the features mentioned above and includes many additional functions.
Refer to the example below for a better understanding of the String class in C++:
When the above code is compiled and executed, it will return the following result:
Thus, this article by Mytour has just provided an overview of strings in C++ for you. We hope this article has added valuable information to your knowledge about this widely-used programming language.
